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IP Addressing and ICT Development in the Pacific Islands
Anne Lord and Save Vocea, APNIC
ICT Workshop,
Fiji, 11-13 November, 2002
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A Glimpse of the Future….
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What is ICT Development?
• E-commerce and E-education
• Virtual web hosting
• ‘Always on’ services, eg. cable
• Internet mobile applications
• Wireless networks
• IP addresses are critical for ICT!
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Total IPv4 Allocations in the Pacific
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
J an-96 J an-97 J an-98 J an-99 J an-00 J an-01 J an-02 Oct-02
WS
VU
TV
TO
SB
PW
PG
PF
NR
NC
KI
GU
FJ
CK
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Total IPv4 Allocations in the Asia Pacific
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Oct-02
Mil
lio
ns
OTHER
TW
TH
KR
JP
IN
HK
CN
AU
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We Know For Sure…..
• As technology and the Internet evolves, there will always be a demand for IP Addresses
• IP addresses are finite– IPv4 address: 32-bit number (e.g. 202.165.207.255)
• 4 billion addresses (though much less in practice)
– IPv6 address: 128-bit number• 16 billion billion addresses (much less in practice)
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Misconceptions about IP Addresses
• IP addresses are “property”– They are not. A ‘license’ framework
applies
• IP addresses can be sold – Selling addresses is contrary to goals of
effective management– They cannot be transferred without
approval from APNIC
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What is APNIC?
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What is APNIC?
• Regional Internet Registry (RIR)for the Asia Pacific Region– Regional authority for Internet resource distribution
• IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6), AS numbers, reverse DNS delegation
– Provide services to 700+ members and NIR’s
• Industry self-regulatory body– Participation by those who use Internet resources– Consensus-based, open and transparent– Non-profit, neutral and independent– Open membership-based structure
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APNIC Policy Making Process
Discussions within APNIC community
(Liaison with other RIRs)
Policy meetings & SIGs, mailing lists etc
By RIRs and community
Consensus of community
Policy is implemented
Membership approval
RegionalPolicy
Variations
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Where is APNIC?
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Internet Organisation Hierarchy
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• Conservation– Ensuring efficient use and conservation of resources
• Aggregation– Limiting growth of routable prefixes
• Uniqueness– Global visibility
• Registration– Registering the Internet resources in a public
database
• Fairness and consistency– Equal consideration irrespective of external factors
Goals of Address Management
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Careful Management is Vital
• APNIC’s role – “Addressing the challenge of responsible
resource distribution in the Asia Pacific”
• ISP’s role – To manage the resources they have
been allocated – To develop policies to safeguard future
supply which is essential to ICT
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The Bigger Picture - Conservation
APNIC 4%
ARIN 6%
RIPE NCC4%
"Special purpose"
14%
Unallocated30%
Other Orgs42%
Pre-RIR
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IP Address Policies
Frequently Asked Questions
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Why Do We Need Policies?
• To protect your interests– Your ICT development depends on
continued access to and availability of IP addresses
• It is your business to see that the resources are effectively managed
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Getting IP Address Space
• Examine your “need”– Different policies address different
“needs”
• Membership does not guarantee you will get IP addresses– Different technical criteria need to be met
for each policy– IP addresses can also be applied for on
a “one-off” basis (“non” membership)• Technical criteria still need to be met
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Getting IP Address Space
• ISPs typically…– Need continued access to a pool of
address space for equipment and customers (“allocations”)
• To “qualify” for an allocation– Need to meet criteria
• Demonstrate an immediate need for a /22 (1024 IP addresses)
• And a need for a /21 (2048 IP addresses) in one year
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Getting IP Address Space
• Cannot meet the criteria? – Go to your upstream provider
• No upstream provider?– Approach and discuss with APNIC
• Upstream will not give the addresses?– Approach and discuss with APNIC
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Getting IP Address Space
• What about other ways of obtaining IP address space?– Are you an operator of ‘critical
infrastructure’? eg. ccTLD (NEW!)• Critical infrastructure assignment policy
– Need address space to multihome?• Multihoming assignment policy
– More information needed?• http://www.apnic.net/services/ipv4_guide.html
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Obtaining More IP Addresses
• How do I obtain additional address space after the initial allocation– Need to demonstrate 80% utilisation of
previous IPv4 allocation – Register all customer assignments in
database– Comply with policies
• How much will I be allocated?– Amount allocated depends on how
quickly you used up the first allocation and future plans
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APNIC
LIR Database Responsibilities
Registers
Queries
Queries
Queries
LIR
Allocation
Assignments
CUSTOMERS OF LIR
LIR
Registers
APNIC“whois”
Database
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Managing IP Addresses – “Whois”
• Do I need to register assignments in the APNIC “whois” database?– Yes, it is vital. It ensures that the
custodian of the resource can be identified
– It also tells APNIC how much address space is ‘used’ when you return for more
– Correct management carried out to achieve 80% utilisation
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Customer Assignments
• Follow ‘2nd Opinion process’ ,i.e. APNIC evaluates your customer request for IP address based on Assignment Window
• Why follow it?– It is used to ensure that all members are
assigning to their customers according to the policies and meeting technical criteria
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Activity in the Pacific
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Survey of Pacific Members of APNIC
• Many received ‘early’ allocations– Have very little contact with APNIC– Have not sent in ‘2nd Opinion’ requests– Lack database records for customers – Unclear if they have customers?
• Out of touch– No or little contact with APNIC means out
of touch with APNIC policies– Not up to date with procedures– Maybe not managing address space
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Will you Need IP Addresses for ICT Development?
• Do an audit!– What future applications /services are
you planning and will they require IP addresses?
• If you have IP addresses from APNIC– Have staff followed the 2nd Opinion
process?– Are customer assignments registered in
the APNIC database?– Have you documented ‘usage’ and
deployment?
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Stay in Touch with APNIC
• It is important and easy– Email to [email protected]
• They are there to help you
– Attend Member Trainings • NZ December 9, 2002 and Pacific 2003
– Collectively send a person to APNIC meetings
• 2003: APNIC15, 24-28 Feb http://www.apnic.net/meetings
• With APRICOT http://www.apricot2003.net
– Check the APNIC web pages frequently• http://www.apnic.net
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Questions?
• Thank you for listening!