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The IoT Beneath Your Feet: Building Smart Roads and Networks
Presented by Israel Lopez for Nevada DOT
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All Problems Need Some Sort of Context
• Without knowing the context of something it is often difficult to truly understand the problem or the solution Reference: https://
www.pinterest.com/pin/161707442844741481/
Reference: http://www.funcage.com/blog/18-amazing-examples-of-optical-illusion-photography/optical-illusion-photo-04/
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The State of Nevada• Ranked 7th Largest State (110k square miles)• Carson City, NV is the capital (population 54k)• Ranked 35th in Population (2.89 Million)• 42nd in Density (24.8/sq. mi)• Median Elevation is 5500 ft.• 4th largest producer of Gold in the World• Ranked 15th in Median Household Income ($56k)
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada
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IoT Topics• What does a State DOT do?• Data Collection• Real-Time Traffic Management• Backbone and Field Infrastructure• Data Distribution• Advanced Traveler Information Systems
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What does a State DOT do?
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What does a Department of Transportation Do?
• Manage and Maintain Freeways at a defined Level of Service during the following:– Normal Freeway Conditions– Congested Freeway Conditions– Adverse Weather Conditions (wind, flooding, fog)– Severe Crashes and Crashes Related to Weather (Level of Service)– Repair of Roads– Inform the Public, News, and Media
So what does this really mean? What is the Context?
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Normal Freeway Conditions
US-95/US-93/I-15, Las Vegas
I-10 at L 202 & SR 51, Phx, AZ
São Paulo, Brazil
Los Angeles (Unknown)
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05/03/2023
Congested Freeway Conditions
I-405 Freeway in Bel Air, CA
Beijing, China
São Paulo, Brazil
Moscow, Russia
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Phoenix, AZ
Porter Ranch, CA
Unknown
Minnesota
Adverse Weather Conditions
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I-10 at Casa Grande, AZ
710 Freeway at Long Beach
I-10 at 35th Ave., Phoenix, AZ
I-78 at Bethel Township, PA
Severe Crashes and Weather
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I-15 near Moapa, NE of Las Vegas
Repair Freeways
* Caution: Don’t ever drive through fast running water or drive over a compromised roadway.
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Freeway Conditions and Crashes can make it feel like….
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Data CollectionRoadway Sensor Types
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Data Collection• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
are advanced applications and technology that aim to provide information on different modes of transport for travelers by making the roads safer, coordinated, and “smarter”
Reference (personal rating of 6 for reference): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system
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Data Collection• The Nevada DOT (NDOT) collects the following
information from hundreds of these ITS devices types: Highway Advisory Radio
(HAR) Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC) Ramp Meters Link and Node Inventory
Vehicle Detectors Dynamic Message Signs
(DMS) Roadway Weather
Information System (RWIS) Closed Circuit Television
(CCTV)
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CCTV Camera Cabinet80’ Camera Pole with Detector Full Sized DMS Sign Travel Time Sign (DMS) 30’ pole with Detector
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Road Weather Information System
Variable Speed Limit Sign (DMS)
Highway Advisory Radio Beacon Sign 80’ pole with DSRCHAR Site
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Data Collection• The Nevada DOT (NDOT) collects the following
information from hundreds of these devices types:– Vehicle Detectors: Detects the presence of vehicles by
lane– DMS: Informs the traveler of crashes or weather
conditions– RWIS: Detects the current ambient weather conditions
and the condition of the roadway pavement– CCTV: Provides visual verification of any issues on the
roadway– HAR: Provides audio notification of issues using AM or FM
(Radio)
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Data Collection• The Nevada DOT (NDOT) collects the following
information from hundreds of these devices types:– DSRC: Communicates with Connected Vehicles or
Autonomous Vehicles to obtain speed, weather, traction, & other information
– Ramp Meter: A device use to reduce congestion by limiting the number of simultaneous vehicles to a steady but constant flow
– Node and Link Data: Nodes are arbitrary points along a road and links are arbitrary parts of a road between two nodes
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Data Collection• NDOT’s Freeway Management
System (FMS), a variant of an Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS):– Collects all Device Data – Displays the information visually – The Operators in the Traffic
Management Center (TMC) make a decision based on this information
CCTV
Node Inventory
Link Inventory
DMS
Ramp Meter
RWIS
HAR
Events
CSS
Detectors
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Real-Time Traffic Management
Sharing of data and video
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Real-Time Traffic Management
• Operators enter information into an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) to provide traveler information on:
Reference: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/manag_demand_tis/travelinfo.htm
Travel Times Emergency Alerts Alternate Routes
Delays Crashes / Events Road Weather
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Reference: http://www.its.dot.gov/infographs/index.htm
Integrated Corridor Management (Today)A camera monitors
and detects congestion due to a
disabled vehicle
The Operations Centers receive and exchange data and inform the
travelers
Travelers receive a message about
congestion ahead and alternate travel routes or
travel modes
511 / ATIS
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Real-Time Traffic Management
• Integrated Corridor Management Examples:– NDOT & NHP – CCTV cameras and shared use of Spillman CAD– FAST – Las Vegas Metropolitan Area– I-15 Alliance – Utah, NDOT, ADOT and CalTrans (In Process)– I-80 Coalition – Nebraska, Wyoming, UDOT, NDOT & Caltrans– Western States Rural Transportation Technology
Implementers Forum (WSRTTIF) (All westerns states west of the Dakotas) I-15 Alliance Reference: http://goo.gl/xxBRWc
I-80 Coalition Reference: http://goo.gl/QHViX8
Western States Rural Transportation TIF: http://goo.gl/Bp4KrB
FAST Reference: http://goo.gl/7WHPxA
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Active Traffic Management and Demand Management (Tomorrow)An Active Traffic Management (ATM)
structure will be installed every ½ mile on I-15 in Las Vegas for 18
linear miles.
FHWA Reference: http://goo.gl/LKW8Eq
NDOT will implement a solution in Las Vegas within 8 months
ATM Pres.with BCR (Schilling, 2016): https://goo.gl/xHbma1
San Diego which implemented a similar system has a Benefit Cost
Ratio of 9.7:1 with a 20% crash rate and a 46% serious crash reduction
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Reference: http://www.its.dot.gov/infographs/index.htm
Queue Warning and Speed Harmonization (5 years)Warns drivers of congestion ahead, as well as provides target speed advice
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Backbone and Field Infrastructure
The growth of the ITS network
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Backbone and Field Infrastructure• ITS has Experienced Exponential growth:– CCTV Cameras – 2 cameras in 2010 (Reno)– CCTV Cameras – 63 cameras by 2016 (Reno)– NDOT owned fiber in miles in 2010 – 0 miles (Reno)– NDOT owned fiber in miles by 2016 – 55 miles (Reno)
• This is an addition to any provider dark fiber
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Backbone and Field Infrastructure• Organizational Members
– NDOT works with the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE) and the State Enterprise IT Services (EITS) as part of a TEAM
– No one entity has the staffing or the personnel for the whole system
Reference: NDOT Board Packet, Dated 11-13-2013, Page 17 – 19, Item # 3 https://goo.gl/l0ROcJ
Partnership Reference: https://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/broadbandgrants/comments/61B6.docx
NDOT IT/ITSNSHE EITS
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Backbone and Field Infrastructure• NDOT has an extensive infrastructure that
uses the following:– Fiber Optic Backbone (10 Gbps or higher)
• I-80 Fiber at Reno to I-80 at Utah Border (existing)• I-580 Fiber at I-80 in Reno to California Border in CA
(90% complete)• US-50 Fiber at I-580 in Carson City to Ely, NV (In design)
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*I-80 = 400 miles (existing)
*US-50 = 321 miles (In design)*US-95 = 435 miles (future)
*I-580 = 70 miles (90% complete)
I-15 = 28 miles existingLease Lines (redundancy)
*We have extensive agreements with L3, Praxis, and AT&T
NDOT Dark Fiber Map
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We have hundreds of roadway sites along the freeway (CCTV, beacons, DMS, etc.)
Each red pyramid represents a site
Each blue bubble represents a
grouping of sites that are in close
proximity
Not including mountain top sites we have over 416 sites
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• L2 or L3 (existing) single chassis using MLT (ROC to Fiber Hut)
• Shortest Path Bridging Upgrade (Shown/Future)
• Field devices must be hardened to withstand high temperatures
SPB Reference: http://miercom.com/pdf/reports/20111027.pdf
Center-to Field (C2F) Communications
Fiber Hut Switch (Enterprise)
Field Cabinet Switch (Hardened)
Video Encoder Field
HardenedEthernet
SwitchField Cabinet
Fiber Optic Branch Cable
SPB (Future)
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Backbone and Field InfrastructureDOTs generally Use:• Spanning tree for rings• Multicast for video• Hardened Ethernet Switch
=>164°F rating (must use)• SMFO cable is 144 strands on
both sides of the freeway• Journey Electricians as network
technicians (common)Google Search for STP and DOTs https://goo.gl/hPLArv
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Backbone and Field Infrastructure• Due to our limited time we are unable
to discuss our other modes of communication:– Point to Point (PtP)– Point to Multi-Point (PTmP)– 3G / 4G communications with Verizon Cloud
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Data Distribution
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Data Distribution• Once collected the
expectation is to share the information across different transportation verticals
• All NDOT ITS device data is sent to the Nevada Data Exchange (NDEX)
Data Exchange & Data Warehouse
Reference: http://www.iteris.com/itsarch/html/appareas/ifclass1apparea12.htm
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Data Distribution• The Nevada Data Exchange (NDEX): – The NDEX is the data warehouse for NDOT ITS– The state is broken down into three districts– Each district reports the status of every
device in its inventory– Reporting frequency is every 2 minutes
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Data Distribution• NDEX (Continued):– The system uses a three-tier security architecture– The web service is available via HTTPS – The NDEX uses Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE)
Traffic Management Data Dictionary 3.01– The NDEX is subscription and publication based
Reference – TMDD Standard: http://www.ite.org/standards/tmdd/3.01.asp
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NDEX Network and Software Architecture
NDEX:• The External
Agency Interface (EDEX) handles all External agencies
• The Internal Agency Interface (IDEX) handles all Internal agencies
• Data can be bi-directional based on a Subscription and Publication model
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Nevada Data Exchange (NDEX) - General Concept
Web Service
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Data Distribution• NDEX Publishers and Subscribers
– The 511 System subscribes to all device types dialogs– The 511 System then posts the information to the 511
site – Events are entered into the 511 system and are
published to the NDEX for other to subscribe– We have multiple subscribers pulling NDOT
informationReference – TMDD Standard: http://www.ite.org/standards/tmdd/3.01.asp
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Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)
Public Facing Information Systems
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Advanced Traveler Information Systems
• ATIS Systems– Provides public information regarding road conditions– Commonly done by a regional or local Traffic
Management Center (TMC)– Coordinates with police, fire, & support services– Responds to events & enters information in an ATIS
system
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Reference 1: http://nvroads.com
Mobile Application
USDOT requires every state to have a 511 / ATIS system per SAFETEA-LU, 23 CFR 511
Reference 2: Section 1201 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). 23 CFR 511: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/1201/factsheet/
IVR System: dial 5-1-1 in any State
DMS Signs
Construction Road Conditions
CCTV Cameras
Crashes / Events
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Video-to-Public (Las Vegas) – Live Streaming Video – H.264 Upgrade in June of 2016
V2P (Internet Explorer Only at this time – 247 streams are available for Las Vegas Area, 59 cameras for Reno, and 24 cameras for Elko: http://www.nevadadot.com/Traveler_Info/Traffic_Cameras/Traffic_Cameras.aspx
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OSS Weather Share (Caltrans) has access to all the Forum Member’s Information
Reference: http://oss.weathershare.org/#
In comparison to other DOTs we have a rather limited implementation of ITS in comparison to States like Colorado (comparable Land Mass) and Utah (comparable Population)
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Advanced Traveler Information Systems
• The Future of ATIS and ATMS – The lines between these application types will
become blurred– As the ATMS gathers information the system will
autonomously notify vehicles in the field– Information will become bi-directional– This is already happening with Connected Vehicles
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High Level Concept – Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communications
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High Level Concept – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communications
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Examples of Autonomous Vehicles:• Self Driving Cars HD 2015: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEpPww4AXMI • BMW – Connected Vehicle (CV) – All Examples CV Features - 2013:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEpPww4AXMI• *BMW – 100Km Test - 2012: http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKqJccK_EkM• Cadillac – Machine View example - 2013: http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kW5AnrtVor8 • Volvo – Slow Driving Features - 2011:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfOgwrhJG8A• Volvo Trucking – Vehicle Diagnostics in Real-Time: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=KwCOCBAibLs
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Advanced Traveler Information
Systems
Collision Avoidance /
Collision Detection
Connected Vehicles / Vehicle- to-Vehicle Communications
Autonomous Vehicles / Adaptive Cruise Control
ITS Work Zones
Notifications
Active Traffic Management / Travel Times / Variable Speed
Limit
Advanced Traveler Information
Systems
The ITS industry has many categories, disciplines, and specialties
Advanced Traveler Information
Systems
Reference: http://www.etsi.org/index.php/technologies-clusters/technologies/intelligent-transport
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Any questions?I want to thank all the NDOT Network and Server Guys for all their help, we would not be a successful without them.
Contact Information Regarding the Presentation:Israel Lopez: [email protected]: 775-888-7132