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Investing in our Energy Future
Secretary Steven Chu
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, D.C.
September 21, 2009
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Recovery Act is making a down paymenton a clean energy economy
“The nation that leads the world in creating a new clean energy economy will be the nation that
leads the 21st century global economy.”
-- President Obama
Creating jobs immediately
Investing in our energy infrastructure to provide
lasting value
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“We'll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it -- a grid that will help us ship wind and solar power from one end of this country to another.”
“Think about it. The grid that powers the tools of modern life -- computers, appliances, even BlackBerrys -- looks largely the same as it did half a century ago.”
President Barack Obama
To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid
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Worldwide shipments of Solar Photovoltaics – in Megawatts
U.S.
U.S. falling behind in clean energy race
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Recovery Act will double non-hydroelectric
renewable generation
Source: EIA -- An Updated Annual Energy Outlook 2009 Reference Case
Bill
ions o
f kilo
watt
hours
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Recovery Act will set the stage for widespread deployment of plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles
Recently made $2.4 billion investment in advanced
batteries – the largest battery investment in world history
Today, 99 percent of batteries for hybrids are
made in Japan
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Grid Modernization-$4.5 billion including
Smart Grid Investment Grants
and Demonstrations
WAPA and BPA – total of $6.5 billion in
borrowing authority
The Recovery Act invests in grid modernization
$750 million for transmission loan
guarantees
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Today, we are announcing:
$44.2 million in awards to State Public Utility Commissions
To hire and retrain PUC staff as utilities ramp up Smart Grid activities
The availability of $100 million
To train a new generation of
utility workers
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• Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources
• Incorporation of demand response and consumer participation
The Smart Grid: What is it?
Measurement Visualization Automation
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System Transparency – Seeing and operating the grid as a national system in real-time
Energy Storage – Providing regulation and load shaping
Cyber Security and Physical Security –Securing the physical infrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange
Smart Grid is a key enabler to Grid Modernization
Load Management – Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak
Renewable Integration – Addressing variability and intermittence of large-scale wind generation
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Xcel Energy – Alamosa System
High variability
due to clouds
Solar energy sources are highly variable
Output from an 8MW solar PV panel in
Colorado on 9/4/08
81 % drop in 5 minutes
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Jan. 5-25, 2009
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Date/Time (5-min increments)
MW
BPA TOTAL WIND GENERATION
BPA BALANCING AUTHORITY AREA LOAD
Wind requires substantial balancing reserves
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BPA is installing 14 anemometers for next-hour wind forecasts to adjust generation and make more efficient use of combined wind, hydro and other resources.
They are also working on Dynamic Transfer to reliably let a power plant in one balancing authority supply reserves to another balancing authority.
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Variable Generation Affects Grid Operations
No wind 11% renewables
23% renewables 35% renewables
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System Transparency – Seeing and operating the grid as a national system in real-time
Energy Storage – Providing regulation and load shaping
Cyber Security and Physical Security –Securing the physical infrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange
Smart Grid is a key enabler to Grid Modernization
Load Management – Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak
Renewable Integration – Addressing variability and intermittence of large-scale wind generation
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Energy Storage is critical to grid operations
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Energy Storage is Critical to Grid Operations
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Pumped Storage
Pumped Storage can provide:
� Rapid response in “pump-up” and generating modes to offset wind generation variability� Store wind energy during lower value periods� Prevent wind curtailment and avoid new transmission investments
� Additional capital and operating costs have to be compared to the cost of spinning reserves
� Energy losses (~20%) related to storage
Grand Coulee Dam
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System Transparency – Seeing and operating the grid as a national system in real-time
Energy Storage – Providing regulation and load shaping
Cyber Security and Physical Security –Securing the physical infrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange
Smart Grid is a key enabler to Grid Modernization
Load Management – Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak
Renewable Integration – Addressing variability and intermittence of large-scale wind generation
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(8,760 hrs)
distribution
generation
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percentage of Year
Lo
ad
Fa
cto
r (%
)
5% = ~440 hrs/yr
75%
90%
Hourly Loads as Fraction of Peak, Sorted from Highest to Lowest
Peak Reduction is Paramount
>25% of distribution and >10% of generation assets are needed less than 5% of the time ($100s of billions of investments)
Generation
Distribution
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0
50
100
150
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Peak
Re
du
cti
on
(G
W)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
% o
f P
eak
De
man
d
Other DR
Interruptible Tariffs
DLC
Pricing w/o Tech
Pricing w/Tech
38 GW,
4% of peak
82 GW,
9% of peak
138 GW,
14% of peak
188 GW,
20% of peak
Achieving peak demand reduction requires a Smart Grid and dynamic pricing
Light blue:reductions
through dynamic pricing
Dark blue:reductions
through
Smart Grid technology
Source: FERC, June 2009 National Assessment of Demand Response Potential
Business as usual
Expanded current best
practices
Universal advanced metering
and dynamic pricing
All Demand Response tools (e.g. direct load
control) fully deployed
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Changing Consumer Behavior
Empower consumers through better
information
Give consumers the tools and incentives to manage their energy
use and eliminate waste
Demand response programmability must be as easy and automatic as possible.
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Automated Demand Response Saves Capacity and Energy
Electric load profile for PG&E participants on 8/30/2007
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Is the grid ready for
Plug-In Hybrids?
Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles:
2009 Fisker Karma S 2010 Toyota Plug-in Prius2010(?) BMW Mini E2010 Saturn VUE2011 BYD F3DM 2012 Ford 2012 Volvo
Battery Electric Vehicles:
2010 Chevy Volt EREV2010 Chrysler EV2010 Miles EV2010 Mitsubishi iMiEV BEV2010 Nissan BEV2010 Ford Battery Electric Van2010 Tesla Roadster Sport EV
Source: Electric Drive Transportation Association (Updated June 1, 2009)
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Typical Charging Scenarios
Filling the Valley
=???
Source: Lemoine, Kammen, and Farrell 2008. An Innovation and Policy Agenda for Commercially Competitive Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
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System Transparency – Seeing and operating the grid as a national system in real-time
Energy Storage – Providing regulation and load shaping
Cyber Security and Physical Security –Securing the physical infrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange
Smart Grid is a key enabler to Grid Modernization
Load Management – Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak
Renewable Integration – Addressing variability and intermittenceof large-scale wind generation
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Source: www.nerc.comAngles are based on data from blackout analysis.Angle reference is Browns Ferry.
Phasors would have given grid operators 30-40 minutes warning
that problems were developing in Northern Ohio
Phasors could have prevented the 2003 blackout
Estimates of 2003 blackout’s cost: $6 – 10 billion
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Goal: sensor-based operations and dynamic modeling
Frequency and response to system events
Grid stress -
Angle separation
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System Transparency – Seeing and operating the grid as a national system in real-time
Energy Storage – Providing regulation and load shaping
Cyber Security and Physical Security –Securing the physical infrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange
Smart Grid is a key enabler to Grid Modernization
Load Management – Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak
Renewable Integration – Addressing variability and intermittenceof large-scale wind generation
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Advanced Tools/Technology
� Encryption
� Authentication
� Diagnostics
� Monitoring
� Forensic Analysis
Control systems for critical applications must be designed, operated and maintained to
survive and intentional assault with no loss of critical function
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Challenges
• Data Sharing/Data Ownership
• Standards
• Transmission Planning
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We’re making progress on Smart Grid Interoperability standards
$10 million in Recovery Act funding transferred to NIST
We’ve hosted two Smart Grid Interoperability
Standards workshops
Secretary Locke will have more to say on Thursday
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Blue - high wind potential,Red - large demand centers, andGreen - little wind and smaller demand centers.
NERC, April 2009
Seven Percent of the U.S. Population Inhabits the Top Ten States for Wind
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Reduce congestion – another priority
Aug 2006 DOE
Congestion Study
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Does the U.S. require an Extra High Voltage Grid?
Predominantly AC Path
Predominantly DC Path
Station
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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?