Download - Investigating Mac Power Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network Javier Bonny Supervised by Jun Luo
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Investigating Mac Power Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network
Javier BonnySupervised by Jun Luo
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/20052
Contents
Introduction Source of energy waste Existing Solution
S-MAC, B-MAC Our proposition Conclusion
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Energy in WSN
Battery is the most critical resource It is important to reduce the waste of
energy to improve network lifetime How to improve energy efficiency
Routing Mobile Base Station Energy efficient MAC protocol …
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MAC Attributes for WSN Energy efficiency Collision avoidance
Basic task of a MAC protocol Scalability and adaptability
Network size, node density and topology change Secondary concerns
Latency Channel utilization Throughput Fairness
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Source of energy waste (MAC) Idle listening
Node listens to an idle channel
Overhearing Node listens for a message sent to another
node
Collision Two nodes emit at the same time and messages
must be retransmitted
Control packet overhead Required frame header and signaling to implement
the MAC
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S-MAC: Coordinated Adaptative Sleeping
Ye, Heidemann (USC), Estrin (UCLA) 2002
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S-MAC
Reducing the waste of energy: Idle listening: by Periodic Sleep Overhearing: by switching the radio off
when the transmission is not meant for that node
Collision: by using RTS and CTS
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Idle Listening avoidance Periodic listen and sleep
Turn off radio when sleeping Duty cycle is fixed (application
dependant)
Listen
Listen
Listen
Sleep
Sleep
Sleep
Sleep
Listen
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Choosing and Maintaining Schedules
Each node maintains a schedule table that stores schedules of all its known neighbors.
Periodic timer synchronization among neighbors are needed to prevent the clock drift.
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Overhearing Avoidance Idea: Sleep when neighbors talk Who should sleep?
E C A B D F
All immediate neighbors of sender and receiver How long to sleep?
The duration field in each packet informs other nodes the sleep interval
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SMAC: Pros and Cons Pros
Significant low power operation Schedules sleep and transmit times to
enable low-power data transfer with reasonable-latency.
Cons Implementation is quite complex for WSN Significant state maintenance (schedules) Neighbors synchronization Sleep and listen period are predefined and
constant (not efficient for variable traffic load)
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B-MAC: Versatile Low Power MAC
Polastre, Hill, Culler (Berkeley), 2004
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/200513
B-MAC
Unscheduled sleep Reduces control overhead But sender incurs greater overhead to
wakeup unsynchronized receiver from sleep (long preamble)
Unscheduled wakeup Keep wakeup intervals very short CSMA/CA or some other app-specific
scheme can be used
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/200514
B-MAC
Preamble Data Tx
Data RxReceiver
Sender
Sleep Sleep
Preamble sampling
Sender sends a long preamble to overlap with the receivers “carrier sense” duration.
Data transmission can use RTS/CTS or some other strategy.
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/200515
B-MAC
Preamble Data Tx
Data RxReceiver
Sender
Sleep Sleep
Duty cycle and preamble length are tunable
Preamble length ≥ Check interval Long sleeping time trades transmission latency for low power
consumption (suitable for sparse transmission) A long preamble increases the power consumption of all nodes
in the sender’s transmission coverage due to overhearing Sender and Receiver should be tuned together (Loose Sync)
Check Interval
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/200516
S-MAC vs B-MAC
B-MAC is the MAC protocol chosen for TinyOS!
S-MAC B-MAC
Solve Idle Listening yes yes
Solve Overhearing yes no
Synchronisation needed
Yes less
Simplicity/scalability no yes
Overall performance good better
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Our proposition: RTS Preambling
Take the best of both world Based on B-Mac + add Overhearing
avoidance Idea
Send useful information (RTS) in the preamble instead of a constant
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RTS Preambling
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RTS Preambling
Comments Basic rule: if you hear something while
listening, listen until the end Listening period (duty cycle) > DIFS What to do during SIFS period?
Turn off radio or continue listening? It depends on the Radio performance!
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RTS Preambling
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RTS Preambling
Advantage Avoid overhearing Preamble (RTSs, CTS, DIFS and SIFS)
no longer than B-MAC preamble
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IC-29 – LCA – 02/09/200522
RTS Preambling
Our proposal is good for unicast We must use an alternative for
broadcast, multicast Repeat message in the preamble (like
WiseMAC)
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Conclusion
We think RTS Preambling could improve B-MAC performance…
To do Figure out how to set the NAV Finalize alternative for broadcast Finish implementation Simulation + comparison…
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Conclusion That’s all Folks!
Any question?