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Inventing Geography
andVisualizing the World
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Aswan
Eratosthenes (c. 276 BCE – c. 195 BCE)
Alexandria
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Aswan
Alexandria
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Aswan
Alexandria
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0°7°12’
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Aswan
Alexandria
1/50 of a Circle (360°)
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Eratosthenes’s calculation:
Alexandria to Aswan = 1/50 of the diameter of EarthAlexandria to Aswan = 5,000 stadia (c. 490 miles)50 x 490 = 24,500 miles
Actual circumference = 24,901 miles
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Eratosthenes coins the word “geography”
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Claudius Ptolemy, 85-165 CE
• Refined Eratosthenes’ calculations.• Reduced the circumference of Earth.• Produced the first real map of the
world.• Introduced the concept of map grids to
plot location.
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Chapter 8
• Understand– The Gupta Empire in the “Classical Age”– The reform of Hinduism– Indian Buddhism – “The Global Trade of Indian Pepper”– Family life and gender.
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Chapter 9
• Understand:– How the Chinese balanced the ideas of • Confucius • Legalism• Daoism
– The achievements of Cheng, the “First Emperor”– The achievements of the Han dynasty– Buddhism in China
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The world in the reigns of Antoninus Pius (138-161)Vologases IV (147-191)Vāsishka (140-160)Huan Di (146-168)
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