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Invasive Mussel Monitoring at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Water Laboratory
Jamie Pejza and Sasha RohdeGlen Canyon National Recreation Area
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Mussel Background:
- Introduced to N. America in the late 1980s through the St. Lawrence Seaway in ballast tanks in cargo ships
- Rapidly spread through waterbodies in the Great Lakes region, Mississippi drainage
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Infestation has a detrimental affect to:
• Recreational opportunities• Fishing, boating, recreating on the beach
• Environment:• Dead smelly shells on shore• Mussel mats on the slick rock walls
• Economy• Local businesses, costs to taxpayers to
keep infrastructure clear (dams, cooling pipes), boat engine damage
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Once you get mussels, it is almost impossible to get rid of them!
• No natural predators in N. America• Human control efforts have only been effective on small scale treatments
• Use of poison in very small reservoirs, or draining of reservoir
• Lake Powell is so big, that it would take the world’s 1 year supply of potassium permanganate (poison that binds to the gills of aquatic life) to treat an area the size of Wahweap Bay, and it would take almost ¾ of a year to get it all transported here.
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What we do at Glen Canyon NRA to prevent Lake Powell from mussel infestation
Lake Powell does not have invasive mussels, so why are we monitoring for them?
• Mussel Interdiction Program• Vessel inspections• Decontaminations• Quarantine
• Mussel Monitoring Program• Sampling for early detection of
mussels
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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Mussel Monitoring:
• Monitor high use areas monthly for early mussel detection
• Look for the juvenile form of mussels (Veligers)– free floating, likely found earlier than attached adults• Lake Mead mussel population found by a diver in 2007; based on the size of the
population, it is thought mussels were introduced in 2005.
• Increase chances of early detection, providing opportunity for eradication of possible small-scale infestation
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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Mussel Monitoring: Methods
Plankton and substrate sampling
Microscopy & FlowCAM
DNAanalysis
http://www.aslo.org/photopost/data/509/medium/8Zooplankton_sampling_Lake_Powell.jpg
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Cross-Polarized Light Microscopy (CPLM)
• Mussel veligers exhibit unique characteristics under CPLM
• Care is necessary in order to discern between veligers and other organisms
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Cross-Polarized Light Microscopy (CPLM)
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Imaging Flow Cytometry - FlowCAM
• Takes pictures of particles (sample) as they move through the flow cell
• Selects images of particles that show birefringence under cross-polarized light and displays them in a collage
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Imaging Flow Cytometry - FlowCAM
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DNA AnalysisPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)