Download - Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology
![Page 1: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Veterinary Parasitology
Dr. Asif
![Page 2: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Objective 1
Describe the various symbiotic relationships between two species of organisms
![Page 3: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Parasitology Goals
• Learn the Life Cycles & Biology of parasites• Learn parasite treatment and prevention fundamentals
( Not Drugs)• Learn Client Education fundamentals
– What the client needs to know about cycles, biology, treatment & prevention of the common animal parasites
![Page 4: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Definitions
• Parasitology – study of parasites & parasitism• Symbiosis – any association between at least 2
different living organisms of different species– Host – usually larger of 2 species, harbors
symbiont– Symbiont – smaller of 2 species, obtains
food, and habitat from host
![Page 5: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Types of Relationships
Relationship Host Symbiont
Mutualism + +Commensalism 0 +
Parasitism - +
Predation -(Death)
+
![Page 6: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
The Parasite
Location on the HostAmount of Time on the Host
Types of Parasites
![Page 7: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Location on the Host
Ectoparasite (Infestation)Endoparasite (Infection)
![Page 8: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Location on the Host
• Ectoparasite – On outside surface of body of host– Examples – fleas, mosquitoes, horse
flies
• Endoparasite – Live in body of host– Examples – roundworms, whipworms,
heartworms
![Page 9: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Amount of Time on Host
TemporaryStationaryPermanent
![Page 10: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Temporary
• Visits host for food• Examples
– Ticks – Mosquitoes
![Page 11: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Stationary
• Spends definite period of time in or on host
• Most parasites• Periodic – leaves host to complete
development (example – Cuterebra)
![Page 12: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Cuterebra
![Page 13: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Permanent
• Spends entire life on host, except when transferring to another host
• Examples – Ear mites– Lice
![Page 14: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Types of Parasites
Incidental (Accidental) Parasite
Erratic (Aberrant) ParasiteObligate Parasite
Facultative ParasitePseudoparasite
![Page 15: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Incidental Parasite
• Accidental parasite• Appears in unusual hosts• Examples –
– Heartworms in man– Crab louse in dogs
![Page 16: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Erratic Parasite
• Aberrant parasite• Seen in unusual locations in hosts• Examples –
– Heartworm in eye– Cuterebra in brain
![Page 17: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Obligate Parasite
• Must lead parasitic existence• No free-living stages• Examples
– Lice– Ear mites– Some mites
![Page 18: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Facultative Parasite
• Free-living organism that can become parasitic in certain hosts
• Examples• Chigger mite larvae (microscopic)• Ringworm in cats, calves
![Page 19: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Pseudoparasite
• Organisms that appear to be parasites, but are not
• Examples – grain mites in fecals, pollen grains and air bubbles
![Page 20: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
The Host
IntermediateParatenic
Definitive (Final)Incidental
(Accidental)
![Page 21: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Intermediate Host
• Immature (non-sexual) parasite undergoes development in this host
• Example – heartworm larva in mosquito
• Control of this part of life cycle CRUCIAL to preventing parasite!
![Page 22: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Paratenic Host
• Intermediate host that serves as a “transport” host for parasitic larva
• Final host must eat this host for adult parasite to develop
• Examples – fleas or mice for certain tapeworms
![Page 23: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Definitive Host
• Final host• Harbors adult (sexually mature)
parasite• Often a carnivore (dogs & cats)• Intermediate host carried parasite to
this host
![Page 24: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Incidental Host
• Accidental host• Wrong host species for this parasite• If man – parasite is a zoonosis
– Raccoon roundworms– Heartworms in cats.
![Page 25: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Objective 2
Discuss types of parasitic life cycles
![Page 26: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Life Cycles
DirectIndirect
![Page 27: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Life Cycles Overview
• Definition– The entire sequence of stages in the life
of a parasite, from adults of one generation to adults of the next
• Parasite may be “Species Specific”– Affect only 1 species of host– Lice – species specific; fleas – not
• 2 types– Direct life cycles– Indirect life cycles
![Page 28: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Direct Life Cycles
• Parasite transfers from one host to another host of same species– Dog to dog to dog, etc.
• No intermediate hosts• Examples – fleas,
whipworms
![Page 29: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Direct Life Cycle – Fleas
![Page 30: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Direct Life Cycle –
Whipworms
![Page 31: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Indirect Life Cycles(Figure 1-10, page 7)
• Parasite requires at least 1 intermediate host to complete its life cycle
• Intermediate host harbors immature parasite
• Definitive host harbors adult parasite• Examples – heartworms, all
tapeworms, flukes• Client Education – Best way to stop
life cycle is to eliminate intermediate host
![Page 32: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Indirect Life Cycles• Always have intermediate hosts
![Page 33: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Indirect Life Cycle
– Tapeworms
![Page 34: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Indirect Life Cycle – Heartworms
![Page 35: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Parasites with Both Life Cycles
• Some parasites have both a direct as well as indirect life cycle
• Examples – roundworms, hookworms
![Page 36: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Both Direct and
Indirect Life Cycles
![Page 37: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Both Direct and Indirect Life Cycles –
Hookworms
![Page 38: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Parasite Transmission
PassiveActive
Inoculative
![Page 39: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Passive vs. Active Transmission
• Definition – how parasites transfer from one host to another
• Passive transmission– Parasite does not travel to host– Usually ingested– Example – ascarids (roundworms)
• Active transmission– Parasite travels to host and/or
aggressively penetrates host– Examples – fleas, hookworm larvae
![Page 40: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Inoculative Transmission
• Intermediate host “injects” parasite into definitive host– Called “vector”– Often takes blood from definitive host– Often has “sucking mouthparts”– Examples – mosquitoes, ticks, fleas?
![Page 42: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Harmful Effects of Parasites
![Page 43: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Harmful Effects of Parasites
• Blood loss– Hookworms, fleas
• Hypersensitivity (allergy)– Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD)
• 15% of dogs & cats
– Heartworms? Eosinophilia as high as 20%
• Toxicity– Maggots
![Page 44: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Harmful Effects of Parasites
• Secondary invasion of pathogens– Bacterial infections after primary
disease has begun• Example – generalized demodectic mange
• Disease transmission– Parasite vectors – carry disease to host
• Worry– Horse flies in the barn
![Page 45: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Disease Vectors• Mosquitoes
– Heartworms– West Nile Virus– Equine encephalitis– Equine infectious anemia (EIA)
• Ticks– Lyme disease– Rocky mountain spotted fever
• Fleas– Feline infectious anemia?
![Page 46: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Objective 3
Describe the Linnaean Classification Scheme used to
name and categorize organisms
![Page 47: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Taxonomy
Scientific Classification of Parasites
![Page 48: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Definitions
• Taxonomy – Branch of biology dealing with identifying, naming, and classifying species
• Taxon – One of the groups that organisms are classified into
• Species – Group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
![Page 49: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Classification of Parasites
• Kingdom–Phylum
•Class–Order
»Family Genus Species
![Page 50: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Worms!
![Page 51: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Insects, Ticks, and Mites, Oh My!
![Page 52: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Protozoa
![Page 53: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Classification of Parasites• Kingdom Protista – single-celled
organisms• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum
–Platyhelminthes – flatworms – tapeworms
–Archelminthes – nematodes–Arthropoda – animals with
exoskeleton• Class Crustacea – no parasites here!
• Class Insecta – fleas, flies, lice• Class Arachnida – ticks, mites
![Page 54: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
The Kingdoms• Protista – Single-celled organisms
– Amoeba– Coccidia– Giardia– Toxoplasma
• Animalia – Multi-cellular animals– Most parasites we will cover are here– Most animals are free-living, not
parasitic
![Page 55: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
3 Phyla of Kingdom Animalia
• These 3 phyla have the parasites we will cover this semester
• Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms• Phylum Archelminthes –
roundworms (nematodes)• Phylum Arthropoda – arthropods
• Helminth = “worm”• Anthelmintic – wormer
![Page 56: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Platyhelminthes – Flat Worms
• Characteristics – Flat– All hermaphrodites – need only
1 worm to continue life cycle
• Free-living – Planaria• Parasites –
– Cestodes – all tapeworms– Trematodes – flukes
![Page 57: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Archelminthes – Nematodes • Characteristics
– Round (“roundworms”)– Separate male & female worms – Need
at least 1 of each sex to continue life cycle
• Examples– Dog & cat ascarids (roundworms)– Hookworms (strongyles in horses)– Whipworms– Heartworms
![Page 58: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
Arthropods
• Characteristics– Jointed appendages– Exoskeleton (made of chitin)
• 3 classes in this phylum– Class crustacea – crustaceans – no
parasites!– Class arachnida – arachnids– Class insecta – insects
![Page 59: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Class Arachnida• Most free-living, some parasites• Most live on land• Characteristics
– No wings– Most adults have 8 legs
• Examples– Spiders! (Arachnophobia anyone?)– Scorpions– Ticks– Mites
![Page 60: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Arachnids
• Spiders – free-living• Scorpions – free-living• Ticks – parasites• Mites – free-living & parasites
![Page 61: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Scientific Names of Organisms
• Composed of 2 Latin names– 1st name – Genus– 2nd name – species
• Genus species– Genus name italicized, capitalized– species name italicized, NOT
capitalized
• If italics are not used, each name must be underlined separately
![Page 62: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
Parasites of the Digestive Tract
Ascarids (Roundworms)
Host Species
Toxocara canis Dog only
Toxocara cati Cat only
Toxascaris leonina Dog, cat
Parascaris equorum Horse
![Page 63: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
Parasites of the Digestive Tract
Hookworms Host Species
Ancylostoma spp. Dog, cat
Uncinaria stenocephala Dog, cat
Strongylus vulgaris Horse
Strongylus spp. Horse
![Page 64: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
Parasites of the Digestive Tract
Whipworms Host Species
Trichuris vulpis Dog only
Trichuris suis Pig
![Page 65: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Parasites of the Digestive Tract
Tapeworms Host Species
Dipylidium caninum Dog, cat
Taenia spp. Dog, cat
Echinococcus granulosus Dog only
Diphyllobothrium latum Dog, cat
![Page 66: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Parasites of the Digestive Tract
Protozoa Host SpeciesIsospora spp. Dog, cat
Eimeria spp. Dog, cat
Giardia spp. All animals, man
Toxoplasma gondii Cat
Trichomonas spp. Dog, horse
![Page 67: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
External Parasites – Class Insecta
• Fleas– Ctenocephalides canis– Ctenocephalides felis
• Lice• Flies
– Mosquitoes– Horse flies, deer flies, stable flies– Maggots– Cuterebra larvae– Screwworms
![Page 68: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
External Parasites – Class Arachnida
• Ticks– Rhipacephalus sanguineus– Amblyomma americana– Ixodes spp. – Lyme disease tick– Dermacentor spp.
• Spiders– NO SPIDERS ARE EVER
PARASITES!!!
![Page 69: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
External Parasites – Class Arachnida
MitesOtodectes cynotis Ear mite
Demodex spp. Demodectic mange mite
Sarcoptes scabiei Sarcoptic mange mite
Cheyletiella spp. Walking dandruff mite
Notoedres cati Cat mange mite
Trombicula alfreddugesi Chigger mite
![Page 70: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
Parasites of Other Organ Systems
Dioctophyma renale Giant kidney worm
Capillaria plica Bladder worm
Capillaria aerophila Lung worm
Paragonamus kellikoti Lung fluke
Spirocerca lupi Esophagus worm
Physaloptera rara Stomach worm
Linguatula serrata Nasal cavity
![Page 71: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
Objective 4
Identify laboratory procedures used to diagnose parasites
![Page 72: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
Your Domain as a Clinical Laboratory Technician
![Page 73: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
Common Laboratory Tests
Fecal Exams Blood Testing
Skin Tests
![Page 74: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/554c96a0b4c905c10d8b4b0b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
Parasite Control Fundamentals at CAPC
website• Annual/semi-annual fecal exams• Fresh daily stool pickup• Sanitation & good personal hygiene• Annual heartworm checks/year-
round prevention• Year-round flea/tick control if needed• Zoonosis concerns