BuildingtheWebofThingsStandards for Semantic Interoperability
and End to End Security
DaveRaggett,W3C
IoTW Berlin,19th September2016
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MassivePotentialfortheInternetofThings
SmartHomes Wearables
Power&Environment SmartCities
Healthcare
Manufacturing
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TheInternetofThings– BridgingtheSilos
Stillveryimmature,andalongwaytogo
Lackofinteroperabilityattheapplicationlevel
Manyplatformsandassociatedstandardsl Addressingbroadrangeofdifferentrequirementsl Endtoendsecuritychallengingacrossplatforms
FragmentationandSilosareholdingbackthepotentiall Thisiscausingproblemsforstart-upsandSMEs
Openorclosedsystem?l Closedsystemsincentive:controll Opensystemsprompt:reducedcostsandincreasedmarketsize
l Needforwideadoptionofsharedopenstandards
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IoT Landscape
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IoTSDOsandAlliancesLandscape
Source:AIOTIIoTStandardisationreportrelease2.6
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WorldWideWebConsortium
Mission:leadtheWebtoitsfullpotentiall TheWebistheworld'slargestvendor-neutraldistributedapplicationplatform
FoundedbySirTimBerners-Lee,inventoroftheWebl 400+Membersl Member-fundedinternationalorganisation
DevelopsstandardsforWebandsemantictechnologiesl HTML,CSS,scriptingAPIs,XML,SVG,VoiceXML,
SemanticWebandLinkedDataetc.l Developeroriented,enablingcooperationbetween
organisations withverydifferentbackgroundsl W3Cpatentpolicyforroyaltyfreestandardsl W3Cstaffofengineersactivelyparticipatinginstandardisationl Increasinglyinvolvedinverticals:Mobile,TV,Automotive,Digitalpublishing
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Whatwewanttoavoid…
https://xkcd.com/927/
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WebofThings– Inter-Platformstandardsforinteroperability
TheWebwillenableatransitionfromcostlymonolithicsoftwaretoopenmarketsofapps
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Analogywithearlydaysofnetworking
BeforetheInternet,thereweremanynon-interoperablenetworktechnologies
l IPmadeitsimpletointerconnectnetworksandcreateinteroperableservicesindependentofthenetworktechnologies
l TheInternetgrewexponentiallyastheopportunitieswererealisedl LikewisefortheWebwhichtookoverfromisolatedinformation
services
Directanalogywithtoday’sIoT silosandtheirlackofinteroperability
l TheWebofThingsistheequivalentofIPforsemanticinteroperabilityandendtoendsecurity
l TheWebofThingswillenableexplosivegrowthasthebarrierstointeroperabilityaretorndown
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TheWebofThings– counteringfragmentationwithstandardisedmetadataandAPIsl Simplifyingapplicationdevelopmentbydecouplingtheunderlyingprotocolsl ByanalogytothecrossplatformsocketsAPIforthe
InternetProtocol
l MakingIteasytowriteappsthatcanbeeasilyportedacrossplatforms
l Enablinginteroperabilityacrossdifferentplatformswithstandardisedmetadatal Describingtheinterfacesexposedtoapplicationsl Describingthecommunicationandsecurityrequirements
foraccessingthingsl Describingthesemanticmodelsanddomainconstraints
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WebofThings
Applicationsactonsoftwareobjectsthatstandforthings
l Local“things”l Remote“things
Richdescriptionsforevery“thing”l EachthinghasaURIforitsnamel Thisprovidesaccesstoitsdescriptionl Ontologiesthatdescribe“things”
Thingsdon’tneedtobeconnectedl Abstractentitiesandunconnectedphysicalobjects
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SensorDataStreamsandtheCloud
l Device– Gateway– Cloudl IoTdeviceswithlocalconnectivityl Gatewaysthatstreamsensordatatothecloudl Powerfulscalablecloudbasedplatforms
l Opportunitiesforservicesacrossmanyapplicationdomains
l Bigdata,streamanalyticsandadvancedAIl Machinelearningandpersonalisedservices
l Needforopenstandardstocreateopenmarketsofservicesthatspancloudplatformsoperatedbydifferentvendors
Google’sCloudPlatformfortheIoT
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HubsasPlatformsforSmartHomeApps
l Webstandardscancreateopportunitiesforvendorneutralplatformsforamarketofappsforinstallationonyourhomehub
l Yoursmartphoneprovidesthehumanmachineinterfacefortheseapps
l Improvedsenseofprivacycomparedwithhavingyourpersonaldatabeingsenttothecloud
l Appsbaseduponyoursocialconnectionsl Peertopeerwithyourfriend’shomehubs
Samsung’sSmartThings
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SmartManufacturing
l Greaterflexibilitytoaddressthetrendtohighlypersonalisedproducts
l Reactingfastertochangingmarketconditions
l Verticalintegrationfromproductioncellstotheboardroom
l Horizontalintegrationacrossboththesupplychainandthevaluechainwithinabusiness
RobotsmanufacturingTesla’selectriccars
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Whatkindsofmetadatadoweneed?
l Thinglifecycles,dataandinteractionmodelsl Asexposedtotheapplications
l Properties,actionsandevents
l Howtointeroperatewithanotherplatform?l Protocols,dataformatsandsoforth
l Whatcommunicationpatternstouse?l Push,pull,pub-sub,peertopeerl Real-timerequirementsl Transactionalrobustness&rollbacksl Multiplexingandbufferingl Sleepyambient&batterypowereddevices
l Semanticmodelsofthingsandtheirconstraints
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SemanticModels
l Neededtoensurethatplatformssharethesamemeaningforthedatathattheyexchange
l Fordiscoveringthingsbasedupontheirpropertiesandrelationshipsl SearchenginesthatcanindextheWebofThings
l Forverifyingthatathingisconsistentwithgivenmodels
l Fordesigningservicecompositionsbasedupontheknowledgeofwhichservicesarecompatible
l Thismayinvolvetransformationofdataformatsl Automaticgenerationofgluecodefromthemetadata
W3Chasarichsuiteofrelatedstandards16/25
IoTSecurityShouldWorryUsAll
l Breachesofprivacy
l Cybercrime
l Physicalsafetyinthehome,acrossthecityandwithinbusinesses
l Threatstonationalinfrastructure
l Loomingrisksofcyberwar
Needforjointworkonbestpracticesandtechnicalstandards17/25
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W3CWebofThingsActivity
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W3CWebofThingsInterestGroup
WorkshopinBerlin(June2014)l LaunchofWebofThingsIGin2015l ChairedbyJörg Heuer,Siemensl Taskforces
ThingdescriptionsAPIsandprotocolsDiscoveryandprovisioningSecurity,privacyandresilienceCommunicationsandcollaboration
Strongemphasisonimplementationexperiencel Demosandplug-festsl Helpstobuildasharedunderstanding
BeijingFacetoFace,11-14July201619/25
MembersoftheWebofThingsInterestGroup
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WhereNext?W3CWebofThingsActivity
l W3CischarteringaWebofThingsWorkingGrouptodevelopinitialstandardsl ChartercurrentlyunderreviewbyW3CMembers
l W3CWebofThingsInterestGrouphasjustrecharteredl ExpectedtoboostitsworkonreachingouttoindustryalliancesandSDOsl Interoperabilitytestsacrossplatformsusingopensourceimplementationsl Furtherworkonsemantics,securityandprivacy
l PlansforanIoTontheWebBusinessGroupl Focusingonbusinesslevelrequirementsacrossdomainsl Buildingasharedunderstandingthroughcollaborationwithexternalgroups
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IoTSDOsandAlliancesLandscape
Source:AIOTIIoTStandardisationreportrelease2.6
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AgileProcessesforStandardisation
l Today,severalIoTalliancesandstandardsdevelopmentorganisationsareworkingonmodelsasdescriptionsofdevicesandservices
l Organisationsareworkingonthisinisolationwithriskoffragmentation
l Jointwhitepaperonsemanticinteroperabilitytocounterthisl Buildingasharedunderstandingoftheroleofsemanticinteroperabilityl Seehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25758.13122
l Discussionunderwayonnextstepstokeepthemomentumflowing
l WeneedagileprocessesforvocabularydevelopmentthatmeetsthetimescalesandbusinessrealitiesfacingSMEsl Experimental,earlycommercialuse,widespreadusel Encouragingre-usewherepractical
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TheBottomLine
TheWebisessentialforrealizingthefullpotentialoftheIoT
TheWebprovidesaunifyingframeworkforsemanticinteroperability
TheWebactsasaglobalmarketplaceforsuppliersandconsumersofservices
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WorkshopAgenda
IndustrialPerspectivel Needs,gaps,currentstateandfutureapproaches
l BorisMaurer,Connctdl ColinI’Anson,HPEl FrankReusch,RWE/Lemonbeatl DieterWegener,Siemens
l DiscussionleadbyDaveRaggett&GeorgRehm
HowtoCoordinate?l Viewsfromdifferentorganisations
l StefanHoppe,OPCFoundationl StefanWeisgerber,DINl ThomasHahn,Plattform Industrie 4.0
l DiscussionleadbyDaveRaggett&GeorgRehm
l Workshopconclusionsandwrap-up
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Theindustrialperspective– needsandgaps,currentstate,futureapproachesl Isthereasharedunderstandingofwhatsemanticinteroperabilityisandwhyitisimportant?
l Eachplatformhasbyandlargeapproachedsecurityindependently,whatarethekeyconsiderationsforenablingendtoendsecurityacrossplatforms?
l Industry4.0hasbeenveryhighleveltodate,howdoweproceedtoarichsetofusecasesthatadddetailtothevisionwewanttorealize,pointtotherequirements,andfacilitateabetterunderstandingofwhichexistingstandardsareappropriateandwhatnewstandardsareneeded?
l Canyoutalkaboutthedifferentkindsofplatformsandstandardsthatareneededtoreachfromtheproductionscellstotheboardroom,toreachacrosssupplylinesandcorporatevaluechains,andacrossthelifecyclefromproductdesign,productionplanningandoperation,andlifetimesupport?
l HowdoweconvincecompaniestocommittheresourcestodrivenewtechnicalstandardsfortheIIOT?
l WhatisneededforcompaniestocollaborateonbuildingcommerciallyrelevanttestbedsfortheIIOT?
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Howdowecoordinateourselvestostandardizesemanticinteroperability?l Whyiscoordinationessential,andacrosswhichbodiesshouldittakeplace?
l Whataretheappropriatemechanismsforcollaboration?Forexample,jointwhitepapers,workshops,jointtestbeds,plugfests,bilateralmeetings,etc.
l Whatkindsofpeopledoweneedtoinvolveandwhataretheargumentsthatareneededtoconvincebusinessestomakethenecessarycommitments?
l WhatistheroadmapfortheIndustrialInternetofThings?Canwecombineabroadlongertermvisionwithreadilyachievablemilestonesalongtheway?
l Moreconcretely,whatisneededforbuildingasharedvisionbetweentheIndustrialInternetConsortium,Industrie 4.0,OPCFoundationandW3C,amongstothers?
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