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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
pseudorandomnumbers Introduction to Python
May 2016
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
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What is Programming?
• All computers are stupid.
• All computers are deterministic.
• You have to tell the computer what to do.
• You can tell the computer in any (programming)language) you like.
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
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What is Python?
• Python is a very powerful, but easy language.
• Why easy? You can learn it easily. It is like writing downlogic in pseudocode, only that the pseudocode is the realcode (Unlike many other programming languages).
• Why powerful? There is nearly nothing you cannot do:Calculate, Draw, Plot, Read data (from anywhere),Simulate, Analyse data, Web applications, Make realexecutable programs (GUI), interactive programs, ...
• The best thing: Open Source: Probably somebody in theworld has already done what you want to do.
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
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Workflow
• Write your code/program.
• No compiling step necessary
• Execute your program.
Other languages: C,C++, Fortran. You have to compile, afterwriting your code, before executing.
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
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Executing python online
• www.trinket.io
• Sign up.
• Write your code.
• Run it.
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Our first line of code
Variable definitionCODE:
• name = value
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Introductionto Python
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Console Output
CODE:
• print name
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Introductionto Python
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Variable types
CODE:
• print type(name)
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Introductionto Python
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Variable types
• string: sequence of characters (’Hallo’)
• integer: positive or negative natural number, inclusivezero (..,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2,..)
• float: floating point number (1,2345)
• bool: ’True’ or ’False’
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
First Steps inPython
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Math expressions
CODE:
• a + b
• a - b
• a * b
• a / b
• a ** b
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Examples
CODE:
• i = 2
• j = 5
• print i, j, i+j
• k = 2.5
• print k*i
• print i*k
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Logic operations
CODE:
• if a==1:
print "a ist 1"
elif a==2:
print "a ist 2"
else:
print "a ist irgendwas."
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Logic operators
• == equal
• < smaller
• > larger
• <= smaller or equal
• >= larger or equal
• != not equal
CODE:
• if a <= 5 and a >2:
print "a ist 3, 4 oder 5"
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Lists
CODE:
• list = [1,2,3,4,5]
• list = ["ha","he","hi","ho"]
• print "erstes Element: ", list[0]
• print "drittes Element: ", list[2]
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Introductionto Python
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Loops
CODE:
• for element in list:
print "Listenelement ist ", element
• for element in range(10):
print "Listenelement ist ", element
• while a <= 5:
print a
a = a+1
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Introductionto Python
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First Steps inPython
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Libraries
CODE:
• import libraryname as othername
common libraries:numpy, matplotlib.pyplot, ...
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Introductionto Python
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Using libraries
CODE:
• import libraryname as othername
common libraries:numpy, matplotlib.pyplot, ...USAGE e.g.:
• import numpy as np
• print np.exp(1)
• array = np.array([1,2,3])
• array auto = np.linspace(1,10,10)
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Introductionto Python
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Functions
CODE:
• def func name(input1, input2):
print input1, input2
print input1*input2
return input1**input2
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Introductionto Python
Introduction
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Pseudozufallszahlen
Pseudozufallszahlen sind Zahlenfolgen die durch einendeterministischen Algorithmus (Pseudozufallszahlengenerator)berechnet werden (und somit nicht zufallig sind). Furhinreichend kurze Sequenzen sehen sie jedoch zufallig aus. Beijedem Start der Zufallszahlen-Berechnung mit gleichemStartwert (seed) wird die gleiche Zahlenfolge erzeugt.
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Zufallszahlen in Python
Modul laden:
• import random
Zufallszahlengenerator mit seed [x] initialisieren:
• random.seed([x])
Zufallszahl zwischen 0.0 und 1.0 aufrufen:
• random.random()
Zufallszahl zwischen a und b aufrufen:
• random.uniform(a, b)
Ohne random.seed([x]) verwendet Python die Systemzeit umeinen Seed zu generieren.
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Aufgabe: Berechnen Sie π.
• Wahlen sie ein geeignetes Koordinatensystem.
• Rechnen sie zufallige Punkte aus und bestimmen ob dieseim Kreis liegen.
• Das Verhaltnis der Flachen von Kreis und Quadratentspricht dem Verhaltnis der Zufallswerte in Kreis undQuadrat.