INTRODUCTION
TO MATTER
CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON1) Matter
• Matter, mass, volume, mass vs. weight
2) States of Matter• 3 states of matter: solid, liquid and gas
3) Changes of State• Processes that change states of matter melting freezing condensation evaporation sublimation deposition
• Temperatures at which changes of state happen melting point freezing point condensing point boiling point
4) The Particle Theory of Matter
(the amount of _____ )
MATTER
Matter: Is anything that has _____ and _______.mass volume
Is the measure of the ________ of matterMass: quantity
• Units used: g (grams) kg (kilograms)
• Note: There is usually confusion between the term mass and weight….let’s clarify...
atoms a substance contains.
acting on the amount of ____contained in an object.
• Mass depends on the _______________ in an object.
Mass Weight
• Weight depends on the _______________
EarthMoon
Since the Moon is 1/6th
the size of Earth, it has 1/6th of Earth’s
gravitational pull.
This means that objects will weigh 1/6th LESS on the Moon than on Earth.
mass = 5000 kg mass = 5000 kg
weight = 5000 kg weight = 833 kg
BUT the mass (amount of atoms) will remain
the same.
number of atoms amount of gravitymass
MATTER
(the amount of _____ )
Matter: Is anything that has _____ and _______.mass volume
Is the measure of the ________ of matterMass: quantity
• Units used: g (grams) kg (kilograms)
atoms a substance contains.
Is the measure of the _______________ a substance takes up.
Volume:
• Units used: mL (milliliters) L (liters)
amount of space
MATTER
Matter comes in 3 States:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
3 States
Guess these states of matter.STATES OF MATTER
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape VolumeDistance Between Particles
& Energy of Particles
definite
definite
definite
indefinite
indefinite indefinite
• small distances
• low energy and little movement
(vibrations only)
• more distance
• more energy and moremovement
• large distances
• high energy and a lot of movement
definite = unchangeable indefinite = changeable
Takes the shape of any
container.
Takes the shape of any
container.
Fills the entire volume of any size of
container.
STATES OF MATTER
CHANGES OF STATE
• Matter can change from one state to another through six different change of state _________.
melting
freezing
processes
a) Label each state of matter in the diagram.
b) Next to each arrow, name the process that causes the change of state. gas
solidliquid
CHANGES OF STATE
c) Define each change of state.
Melting is a process that converts a ____ into a _____.
melting
freezing
gas
solidliquid
solid liquid
For example....
Now you define the rest...
• Matter can change from one state to another through six different change of state _________. processes
CHANGES OF STATE
Melting is a process that converts a ____ into a _____.solid liquid
Freezing is a process that converts a _____ into a ____.liquid solid
Evaporation is a process that converts a _____ into a ___.liquid gas
Condensation is a process that converts a ___ into a _____.gas liquid
Sublimation is a process that converts a ____ into a ___.solid gas
Deposition is a process that converts a ___ into a ____.gas solid
melting point
freezingpoint
GAS
condensingpoint
• Change of state temperatures are ________ for different substances.
boilingpoint
• Changes of state happen at specific ____________.temperatures
SOLID
• Lead’s melting point is 327.5C.
• Gold’s melting point is 1064.2C.
• Water’s melting point is 0C.
different
Each arrow represents a temperature point at which a change of state will happen. Label each state and arrow.
LIQUID
CHANGES OF STATE
is the temperature at which a _____ turns into a ____.
Melting point is the temperature at which a ____ turns into a _____.
Define each temperature point.
CHANGES OF STATE
For example...
liquid solid
liquid
is the temperature at which a _____ turns into a ___.
is the temperature at which a ___ turns into a _____.
liquid gas
liquid
solid
gas
You do the rest!
Freezing point
Boiling point
Condensing point
and ________ of matter in terms of _______.
describes the__________
THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
• The PARTICLE THEORY of MATTER
particlesbehaviorcomposition
1) All matter is composed of tiny objects called ________.particles
2) All particles have ______ between them.spaces
• From solid to liquid to gas, the spaces get ______.
The Four Postulates of Particle Theory:
larger
solid liquid gas
What happens to these spaces as you go from a solid to liquid to gas?
THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
3) Particles of matter are in constant _______.motion
4) There are ______________ between particles.attractive forces
• These forces are _______ when particles are closer.
• Higher energy particles move _____.faster
stronger
The Four Postulates of Particle Theory:
What happens to the speed of the particles if you add more energy to them?
What happens to the attractive forces when the particles get closer together?
THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science
Copyright © 2013 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science)
All rights reserved by author.
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