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Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Information Systems (GIS)
part Ipart I
Marcel FortinGIS & Map Librarian, University of Toronto
[email protected]/maplib
January 8th, 2007
This presentation http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/temp/ALD/ARC1012.ppt
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ObjectivesObjectives
►Understand the basic premises of GISUnderstand the basic premises of GIS Cartography / Map MakingCartography / Map Making Geographic AnalysisGeographic Analysis
►By Learning the basics ofBy Learning the basics of GIS software and databasesGIS software and databases Different geographic datasetsDifferent geographic datasets Basic map creationBasic map creation
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AgendaAgenda►What is not and what is GIS?What is not and what is GIS?►What are Geospatial Data? What are Geospatial Data? ►What is not GIS?What is not GIS?►Examples of GIS applications Examples of GIS applications ►Software FYISoftware FYI►Data Access FYIData Access FYI►GIS Services/Education at the U of TGIS Services/Education at the U of T►DemosDemos►Where do Google Earth/Maps Fit inWhere do Google Earth/Maps Fit in
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What is not GIS?What is not GIS?
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What is not a GIS – Scanned What is not a GIS – Scanned MapsMaps
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E-maps are not a GISE-maps are not a GIS
http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/cartotheque/decoupage-administratif-france-2005.shtml
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GPS IS NOT GISGPS IS NOT GIS
http://www.skyfly.cz/pristroj/image/mage315.jpg
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GIS not CADGIS not CAD
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What is GIS?What is GIS? A GIS is a computer application with
the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information (geospatial data)
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What are What are GeospatialGeospatial data? data?
Data must “fit” with other dataData must “fit” with other data Geospatial data are georeferenced data Geospatial data are georeferenced data (ie. they have a geographic field)(ie. they have a geographic field)
• postal codespostal codes• ProvinceProvince• CityCity• longitude and latitudelongitude and latitude• lot numberslot numbers• concession numbersconcession numbers• census tractcensus tract• wards wards • Air photographs Air photographs • Etc.Etc.
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ProvincesProvinces
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Postal DataPostal Data
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Longitude / Latitude Longitude / Latitude
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Parcel InformationParcel Information
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Air Photos (or other raster Air Photos (or other raster imagery)imagery)
0.50000000.00000000.0000000-0.5000000627995.12502494836671.8749751
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Road Network FileRoad Network File
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Combination of “Layers”Combination of “Layers”
1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario
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Vector and RasterVector and Raster
01 VectorRaster.mxd01 VectorRaster.mxd
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Projection IssuesProjection Issues
projections.mxdprojections.mxd
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Thematic / Census MappingThematic / Census Mapping
census.mxdcensus.mxd
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Topographic MappingTopographic Mapping
04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd
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3D Mapping3D Mapping
3dmapping.mxd3dmapping.mxd
LINE175990487002002FBS.dwgLINE175990487002002FBS.dwg
030m11_0100_deme.dem (global 030m11_0100_deme.dem (global mapper)mapper)
06_3DToronto1.sxd06_3DToronto1.sxd
06_3DToronto2.sxd06_3DToronto2.sxd
07_3DVancouver.sxd07_3DVancouver.sxd
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Software FYISoftware FYI
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Software Campus “Standard”Software Campus “Standard”
ESRI Site License (campus consortium)ESRI Site License (campus consortium)• ArcGIS (desktop)ArcGIS (desktop)
• ArcInfoArcInfo• ArcEditorArcEditor• ArcView (free version now available from map ArcView (free version now available from map
library)library)
• ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server
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Making Sense of “ArcWording”Making Sense of “ArcWording”
Functions
Umbrella
Flavour
3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc.Extensions
ArcGISArcGIS
ArcInfo ArcInfo
ArcEditorArcEditor
ArcViewArcView
ArcMapArcMap||ArcToolboxArcToolbox||ArcSceneArcScene||ArcCatalogArcCatalog
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Other Software OptionsOther Software Options CommercialCommercial
• Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)• OracleOracle• FMEFME• AutoCad Map AutoCad Map • ArcGIS for Autocad ArcGIS for Autocad (see http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-(see http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-
autocad/index.html)autocad/index.html)
• Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)• Global MapperGlobal Mapper
Open SourceOpen Source• GRASS (desktop)GRASS (desktop)• MapServer (web)MapServer (web)• ThubanThuban• QGISQGIS• See See http://http://www.freegis.orgwww.freegis.org for more software titles for more software titles
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Data FYIData FYI
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Data IssuesData Issues
►Data Culture (Canada vs. USA) Data Culture (Canada vs. USA) Feast or FamineFeast or Famine
►Data ManagementData Management►Datasets of InterestDatasets of Interest►Data SelectionData Selection►Data CreationData Creation
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Data Culture : Feast or Data Culture : Feast or FamineFamine
YearYear DatasetsDatasets Web Server / IntranetWeb Server / Intranet MediaMedia
19991999 33 3 Gb 3 Gb (a few 100 (a few 100 files)files)
3 CDs3 CDs
20072007 450450 Over Tb Over Tb (millions of files)(millions of files)
1200 CDs/DVDs1200 CDs/DVDs
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Data Culture – Mixed BagData Culture – Mixed Bag
► Federal governmentFederal government Geobase.ca Geobase.ca NTDB DEMs now free! NTDB DEMs now free! Geogratis.ca Geogratis.ca NTDB topo data and raster imagery now NTDB topo data and raster imagery now
free!free!► Provincial GovernmentsProvincial Governments
Ontario Ontario OGDE via libraries or vendors OGDE via libraries or vendors Manitoba Manitoba free from download free from download BC and Alberta BC and Alberta pay for some free download for others pay for some free download for others
► MunicipalMunicipal Toronto payToronto pay Mississauga payMississauga pay Brampton payBrampton pay Burlington freeBurlington free Peterborough freePeterborough free London FreeLondon Free
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Data Selection and Data Selection and AccuracyAccuracy
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Data Starting PointData Starting Point
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplibhttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib
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Data CreationData Creation
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Data Creation – Waste Disposal Data Creation – Waste Disposal SitesSites
08DataCreation.mxd08DataCreation.mxd
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Future Future Historical GISHistorical GIS
1860’s Map of Toronto with roads overlayed. Note the Lakeshore highway’s location.
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Open Street MapOpen Street Map
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Examples and DemosExamples and Demos
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Common Examples of GIS Common Examples of GIS
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http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps
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http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps
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Where do Google Where do Google Earth/Maps fit in?Earth/Maps fit in?
Convergence or Confusion?Convergence or Confusion?
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Google Earth Google Earth The Good The Good
It’s FunIt’s Fun Geographic LiteracyGeographic Literacy Geographic InterestGeographic Interest Technology BoomTechnology Boom Ease of UseEase of Use Collaboration and sharing of hundreds Collaboration and sharing of hundreds
of digitizing projectsof digitizing projects
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Google Earth Google Earth The Good The Good
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Google Earth Google Earth The Bad The Bad
““Why do we still fund GIS Projects Why do we still fund GIS Projects when there’s Google Earth” when there’s Google Earth”
– – Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Program FunctionProgram Function
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Google Earth Google Earth The Ugly The Ugly
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Google Earth Google Earth GIS GIS ConvergenceConvergence
Can now convert GIS Layers to KML Can now convert GIS Layers to KML format even in ArcGIS format even in ArcGIS http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/map.htmlhttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/map.html
Can do your own cartography Can do your own cartography Can do some analysisCan do some analysis
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Future Future GPS / GIS GPS / GIS ConvergenceConvergence
11 GPS.mxd11 GPS.mxd
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Map & GIS Services at U of T Map & GIS Services at U of T LibrariesLibraries
1960’s Map Library in Geography Department1960’s Map Library in Geography Department 1970’s Moved to Robarts 11970’s Moved to Robarts 1stst floor floor 1996 Merged and moved to 51996 Merged and moved to 5thth floor Robarts floor Robarts 1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired 2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created 2002 GIS Analyst Hired2002 GIS Analyst Hired 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired (North 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired (North
American first)American first) 2006 UTM GIS Technician hired2006 UTM GIS Technician hired 2007-2008 – Data & GIS Services expansion 2007-2008 – Data & GIS Services expansion
(unMAGICed?)(unMAGICed?)
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GIS StaffGIS Staff
St. George Campus GIS Team St. George Campus GIS Team • GIS & Map LibrarianGIS & Map Librarian• Map Cataloguer Map Cataloguer • Map Processor Map Processor • GIS Analyst GIS Analyst • Graduate GIS Assistant(s) Graduate GIS Assistant(s)
UTMississauga CampusUTMississauga Campus• GIS and Data LibrarianGIS and Data Librarian• GIS TechnicianGIS Technician
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Communication & TeachingCommunication & Teaching
GEODATA-l Listserv GEODATA-l Listserv New DatasetsNew DatasetsSoftware upgradesSoftware upgrades
WorkshopsWorkshopsRCAT LabRCAT Lab
One on one teachingOne on one teaching No Grad Courses anymoreNo Grad Courses anymore ESRI Virtual CampusESRI Virtual Campus
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GIS Services FactsGIS Services Facts
► 1960’s Map Library in Geography 1960’s Map Library in Geography DepartmentDepartment
► 1970’s Moved to Robarts 11970’s Moved to Robarts 1stst floor floor► 1996 Merged and moved to 51996 Merged and moved to 5thth floor Robarts floor Robarts► 1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired► 2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created► 2002 GIS Analyst Hired2002 GIS Analyst Hired► 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired
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San Francisco dataSan Francisco data
►www.geographynetwork.comwww.geographynetwork.com 09.1California.mx09.1California.mx
►California Spatial Information Library California Spatial Information Library http://gis.ca.gov/index.eplhttp://gis.ca.gov/index.epl
►San Francisco Government GIS San Francisco Government GIS http://www.sfgov.org/site/gis_index.asp?id=372http://www.sfgov.org/site/gis_index.asp?id=372