Download - Introduction to EDP by Mostafa Ewees
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WEEK 1-2BY
MOSTAFA EWEES
Introduction to EDP
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Contents
Educational psychology and its role A brief history of educational psychologyEducational psychology’s methods
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Objectives
By the time you have finished this section,you should be able to:
Tell what EDP is?Explain the role of EDP.Outline the history of EDP.Make acquainted with the methods of EDP.
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EDP and its purpose
What is EDP? Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. It deals with the principles of learning and
teaching used in the educational environment. It is a theoretical and applicative subject.
Educational Psychology is a course designed to introduce psychological principles as they apply to teaching and learning.
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Purpose of EDP
Its major purpose is to provide information to help teachers make wiser decision.
Make the students become effective learners.Supply suggestions to the educational
administrators.
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Expert and novice teacher
Characteristics of expert teachers › Knowing the academic subjects they teach› Knowing the goals and purpose of teaching› Having enough general teaching strategies› Selecting and supplying appropriate materials
for their subject and grade level› Possessing abundant subject-specific knowledge
for teaching› Informative of characteristics and cultural
backgrounds of learners› Good at arranging the settings in which
students learn
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Characteristics of novice teachers
Having limited /ill-organized knowledge for understanding problems in teaching.
Spending more times in concrete detailsExamining the problem surfacelyPresenting the lecture in preseted
proceduresKnow little about how to arrest students’
attention
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He did this tree time
This child is seeking attention
Are there changes at home?Is the worktoo easy?
It doesn’t matter that he’s one of the brighter students.
If I can get the others not to laugh when he does this…if I move him closer to my desk…
First,I’ll talk to the class when he’s not here;next ….
I don’t need apologies I just want the interruptions to stop
Tomorrow,when Robbie is in art
Expert teacher
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I’ll tell Robbie theinterruptions haveto stop.
Novice teacher
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Pause and think
In terms of the characteristics of expert and novice teachers, does one of your current teachers look like a beginner?
What makes his/her instruction less effective?
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Self-regulated Learner
Ample knowledge about themselves,the subject, the task, strategies for learning, and the contexts in which they will apply their learning.
Being Motivated to learn.Strong volition/ will power/ self discipline
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Unskillful learner
Poor knowledge about learningLow academic self-esteemRarely regards other as useful learning
resourceUnmotivatedFrailty
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Discussion
Is the following educational goals attainable? Doings are for all the children. All doings are for children. Doings are for all of children.
Is it just common sense? Read text p.12-13
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Pause and reflection
Are you self-regulated learners? If yes, which characteristics benefit you? If not,what consequence has it brought about? Would
it result in future trouble?
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History of educational psychology
EDWARD THORNDIKE1874-1949 Born in Williamsburg in 1874. He
studied at Wesleyan University and Harvard, received his Ph.D. in 1898 from Columbia. and became professor at Teachers College, Columbia (1904-40)
Educational Psychology,3 vols (1903,1913-14) indicates EDP as a independent subject.
Connectionism: the original S-R framework of behavioral psychology
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History of educational psychology
(continued)
1913,“Psychology as the behaviorist view it”› John Watson› Setting the stage for behaviorism
1928, “Intelligence in apes”› Wolfgang Kohler› Insight
1930,“Mind and society: the development of higher psychological process” › Lev Vygotsky › Sociocultural-historical school
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History of educational psychology
(continued)
1932,“Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men” › Edward Tolman › Cognitive maps
1935, “The psychology of learning”› Edwin Guthrie› Law of contiguity
1938, “The behavior of organism:an experimental analysis”› Burrhus Skinner› Operant conditioning
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History of educational psychology (continued)
1943, “principles of behavior” Clark Hull Drive-reduction theory
1953, “science and human behavior” Burrhus Skinner Programmed instruction
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History of educational psychology
(continued)
1956, Broadbent’s model of human memory
1957,Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1960, Bruner calls for a theory of
instruction 1960-1963,Piagetian concepts introduced
to Amercian education 1965,Gagne’s conditions of learning 1967, Publication of Neisser’s cognitive
psychology
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History of educational psychology
(continued)
1969, The term instructional psychology is coined
1971, Bandura’s social learning theory introduced
1972, Weiner introduces attribution theory
1970-1975,Various models of human memory proposed
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History of educational psychology
(continued)
1980s, Dominance of research on cognitive processes
1985, Cognitive psychology emphasizes strategy instruction and metecognition
1990-1994, Various constructivism curricula are implemented
1995, interest in neuroscience emerges
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Educational psychology in China
1924, Liao shicheng ( 廖世承 ) “Educational Psychology”› Vice president of ECNU in 1951, president of
Shanghai Normal College. 1963, Pan Shu ( 潘菽 ) “Educational
Psychology”› Cousin of Pan Hannian, head of Psychological
graduate school of Chinese Academy of Sciencer 1983, Shao Ruizhen( 邵瑞珍 ) “Educational
Psychology”› 1988,1990,1996,1997,2003› 邵瑞珍、皮连生、吴庆麟 troika of EDP in China
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Educational psychology in China
1993,Li Boshu( 李伯黍)“ Educational Psychology”
2000, Wu Qinglin “Cognitive Psychology of Instruction”
2003,Pang Weiguo “Self-regulated learning: Principles and educational applications”
A landmark book ???????
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Educational psychology’s methods
Descriptive research It describes situations; It enables researchers to draw conclusions about the
current state of affairs. “What percentage of high school students think
abstractly?”
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Descriptive Studies
Ethnography Borrowed from anthropology Studying the naturally occurring events in the life of a
group Trying to understand the meaning of these events to
the people involvedParticipant observationCase study
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Educational psychology’s methods(continued)
Correlational research It explores relationships among variables; It enables researchers to predict one variable based
on their knowledge of another. “Are older students more capable of abstract thought
than younger students? ”
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Educational psychology’s methods (continued)
Experimental research It involves the manipulation of one variable to
determine its possible effect on another variable; It enables researchers to draw conclusions about
cause-effect relationships. “Can abstract thinking skills be improved through
specially designed educational programs? ”
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Pause and design
If you want to conduct a study on the relationship between academic learning time and achievement, which research methods would you prefer? How do you design the program?
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The end
wish you a good weekend!