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Introduction to “Canadian Criminology”
Instructor:
Office hours:
Tel/e-mail:
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“when there is crime in society there is no justice” PlatoCriminology: Its nature and structure –
WHAT IS A…? Criminal Crime Deviant act Criminologist victim
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Setting the stage… Has crime increased? Who commits the most crime? Does capital punishment work? What are the most serious crimes today? Can we control crime?
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The crime-deviance continuum Figure 1-1 Define consensus vs. conflict crimes Examples of:
Social diversions Social deviations
Crime as relative and evolutive Importance of frame of reference
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A call for Canadian Criminology Crime is universal… so! Differences that count
Minorities, law enforcement, sentencing, culture, politics, etc.
Significant theoretical and practical contributions
Review Canadian criminologists in Appendix 4 (also see Appendix 1)
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“Father of Canadian Criminology” with author
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The Changing Face of Crime and Criminology Brief history “criminology” and P. Topinard (1879) Initial interest punishment and treatment Secondary evolution of the study of
penology Reformers (C. Becarria & J. Bentham)
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The subject matter of criminology has been “blurred by shifts of both meaning and focus” N. Walker ‘87 1920: Maurice Parmalee’s (sociologist)
contribution vs. E. Sutherland See Appendix 2 – variety of
criminology/criminal justice journals
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The Criminological Enterprise Criminal statistics Sociology of law Theory construction Types of criminal behaviour Criminal justice system victimology
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The Diversity of Criminology Sociology: social structure, social
process, to social organization (Ch.7) Psychology: science of individual
behaviour (Ch. 6) Biology: chemical, genetic, and/or
neurological influences (Ch. 5) Economics: “money the root of all evil”
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Geography/Environment: crime rates a by-product of physical and environmental factors
Political science: the importance of social policy (contrast European and N.A. criminologists)
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Integrated and Interdisciplinary approach “paradigm shift” from unidiscipline to
multi/interdisciplinary perspectives Calls for
Integration of social sciences Recognition of the complexity of human
behaviour Bridges specific and general aspects of
crime
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“every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do” - Voltaire Criminology requires bridging theory
and policy Social and political challenges Policy in the absence of theory is ‘guess
work’ BUT… serious ethical issues
Punish or treat A crime or deviant act
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Summary Crime is a global issue Canada has its own unique concerns Criminology burgeoning in Canada Discipline rapidly evolving in a
systematic and objective fashion Criminology an applied science that
resembles a living organism