Download - Introduction of polymer
1
POLYMERSByRavi GoyaniM.S(Pharm.)PharmaceuticsI.D No.307/141/04/2015
2
Contents1. Introduction2. Classification 3. Properties of polymer4. Characteristics of ideal
polymer5. Advantages of polymer6. Applications of polymer
1/04/2015
3
Introduction A word polymer is a combination of two Greek
word “POLY” means many and “MEROS” meaning “parts or units”.
A polymer is large molecule of which is formed by repeated linking of the small molecules called “MONOMER”.
“HOMOPOLYMER” is consist of chain with identical bonding linkage to each monomer units.
Eg:-polyethylene, polystyrene “COPOLYMER” is polymer of two or more different
monomer. Eg:-synthetic rubber “POLMERIZATION” is the process of linking the
repeating unit (monomer).1/04/2015
4
Introduction(cont.)
1/04/2015
5
copolymer
1/04/2015
6
Classification
Based on sources
Based on properties
Nature of polymer
Based on polymerizati
on
Based on degradabilit
y
Based on structure
1/04/2015
7
Based on sources
Natural
Synthetic
Semi syntheti
c
Protein, Cellulose, Starch,Resin,Rubber,Chitosan
Alginate,Gelatin,Albumin,Collagen,Dextran, Cyclodextrin,Polyethylene
glycol(PEG)
Methyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, Hydroxy propyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, Hydroxy
ethyl cellulose,Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
Polyethylene, Polypropylene,Polyglycolic acid,
Polylactic acid,Polyhydroxy butyrate,Polyanhydride,Polyacrylam
ide1/04/2015
8
Based on polymerization
Addition polymerizat
ionPolyethylenePolypropylene
Polyvinyl chlorideTeflon
Polyethene
Condensation
polymerization
PolyesterPolyurathane
Polyamide
1/04/2015
9
Based on degradability• Polylactic acid,• Polyglycolic acid,• Polycaprolactone,• Polyanhydride
Biodegradable
• Polydimethyl siloxane
• Polyether urathane• Ethyl cellulose
Non biodegrada
ble1/04/2015
10
Based on nature
Water soluble
Cellulose derivativeSodium alginate
Xanthan gumCarrageenan
Chitosan
Water insoluble
Polydimethyl siloxane Ethyl cellulose
1/04/2015
11
Based on properties
Thermoplastics
Thermoset
Elastomer
Polyacrylonitrile,Polypropylene
Bakelite
Natural rubber
1/04/2015
12
Based on structure
Linear
Chain
Cross linked
Polyethene,PVC,Nylon,Polyester
PolypropyleneAmylopectin
Glycogen
Bakelite, Vulcanized rubber
1/04/2015
13
Characteristics of ideal polymer Should be inert and compatible
with environments Should be non toxic Should be easily administered Should have good mechanical
strengthShould be biodegradableShould have biocompatible
1/04/2015
14
Properties of polymerLow densityGood corrosion resistancePoor temperature resistancePoor tensile strengthLow mechanical strengthEconomical
1/04/2015
15
Advantage of polymerlocalised delivery of drugSustain delivery of drugStabilisation of drug Decrease in dosing frequencyReduce side effectImprove patient complianceControllable degradation rate
1/04/2015
16
Application As a coating material Eg. HPMC Methyl cellulose Polyethylene glycol As binder in tablet granulation Eg. Acacia, gelatin, sodium alginate starch paste. As disintegrate Eg. Starch, HPMC As thickening agents eg. Methyl cellulose In soft and hard gelatin capsule is used.
1/04/2015
17
Elene POLYMERS APPLICATION
Polyethylene oxide Cosmetics,pharmaceuticals
Polyethylene glycol flocculents,swelling agent
Polyvinyl pyrolidone Tablet granulation
Polyvinyl alcohol Tablet binder and coating
Polyacrylamide Gel electrophoresis to separate protein based on M.W.
Ethyl cellulose For sustain release system
Carboxymethylcellulose Superdisintegrants, emulsion stabilizer
Hydroxyethyl and hydroxy propyl cellulose,HPMC
Tablet coating,
Binder for tablet matrix
1/04/2015
18
StarchSodium starch glycolate
Binder,glidantsuperdisintegarants
Cellulose acetate pthalate Enteric coating materials
Alginic acid Carageenanchitosan
Thickening and suspending agent Modified releaseControlled drug delivery
Hyaluronic acid Pectonic acid
CosmeticsDrug delivery
(lactide-co-glycolide polymer) Micro and nano particle for protein delivery
Polychloroprene Septum for injection,valve,plungers for syringe
Polycyanoacrylate Drug carrier in nano and micro particle
Polystyrene PolyethylenePVCpolypropylene
PetridishesPackaging and containersTubingTight packaging and containers
Ethylene vinyl acetate Polyethylene terphthalate
Transdermal patch backing
1/04/2015
19
Application in drug delivery systemIn modified release drug delivery system controlled release formulation Eg.hydrophilic polymer(PVP, sodium CMC,Polymethacrylate
with pH independent solubility (Eudragit RS and RL 100). Erodible material Hydrophobic material include ethyl cellulose also control
the rate of release. Extended release formulation extended release alprazolam tablet,in which sustained or
extended delivery provided by swelling and erosion of the polymer.
Pulsatile release formulation Eg. Ethyl cellulose Sustained release formulation(HPMC, ethylcellulose,
xanthan gum) Delayed release formulation(enteric coating material
cellulose acetate pthalate).1/04/2015
20
Other applicationGel and hydrogelHydrophilic polymer are used widely in to
the gel and hydrogel formulation.Eg. Polyethylene glycol(PEG), PEG dimethacrylate and
monomethacrylateNano and micro particlesEg.PEG and PEG coated nano particles poloxamer and poloxamine coated
nano particlesNano and micro capsules
1/04/2015
21
Nano and micro sphereEg. Polyester based PLA,PGA,PLGA,or PCL are
widely used because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
gellan gum-PVA hydrogel microsphere used for the controlled delivery of carvedilol.
Chitosan-calcium alginate microsphere for the colon delivery of celecoxib.
In cancer therapyEg. A potent anticancer agent cisplatin by
using biodegradable polymer such as PLGA. In complexation studyEg. Cyclodextrin and its derivative.
1/04/2015
22
References1. Vishakha K et al,Natural polymer- a
comprehensive review. International journal of research in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences.Dec-2012;3(4):1597-1599.
2. Velar G et al.Polymers in drug delivery system.Current drug delivery,2012;9(4):5-13.
3. Joshi et al. Role of biodegradable polymer in drug delivery. International journal of current pharmaceutical research.2012;4(4):75-76.
4. Chandel P, kumari R. Polymer-a boon to a controlled delivery system. International research journal of pharmacy.2013;4(4):28.
5. Jana S,gandhi A. Natural polymer and its application in drug delivery and biomedical field.Journal of pharmasci tech,2011;1(1):16-19.
1/04/2015
23
THANK YOU…..
1/04/2015