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Welcome to our
Presentation
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Members Name & ID :
Md Matiur Rahman (133-23-3661)Amzad Ali (133-23-3643)Mesbahul Haque (133-23-3636)Tuhinuzzaman Shovon (133-23-3--)Shahriar Shakil (133-23-3644)Rifat Ibn Razzak (133-23-3657)
Sec: A, L1T3Daffodil International University
Prepared by:Matiur,Amzad,Mesba, Tuhin, Shakil & Rifat
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knittingThe term knitting describes the technique of
constructing textile structures by forming a continuous length into vertically intermeshed loops.
1.
2.
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Knitting Knitting is the second most
important method of fabric formation.
• It is a needle technique by which loops are formed to make a fabric or garment.
• Fabric can be formed by hand or machine knitting , but the basic principle remains exactly the same i.e. pulling a new loop through the old loop.
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At a glance History of Knitting
The word knitting is derived from the Sanskrit word Nahyati or someone says it derived from “cnyttan”. According to the textile history, it is said that finger knitting started since 1000 BC. It had been proven that Romans, Egyptians used knit productss from that time.
Hand knitting with 2 pins was practiced since 256 AD. The knitted fabrics were prepared with the help of 2 pins.
During 1509-1547, Third Henry was the first British monarch to wear fine knitted silk. Queen Elizabeth said that she wore them about 1561 (BC) and she was so impressed by their elasticity and fineness.
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At a glance History of Knitting Reverent William lee, in 1589 invented the first knitting machine with
bearded needle. The gauge of the machine was 8npi and afterwards it was made up to 20npi. The machine had a potential of knitting 10 times more than hand knitting with two pins.
In the 18th century , rib knitting machine, warp knitting machines and circular knitting frame was invented
In the 19th century, latch needle, compound needle, fashioning mechanism, seamless heal and toe, flat knitting machine, interlock knitting were invented all over the world.
In the 20th century, double cylinder circular machine, electronic needle selection, reliant principle, Piz electronic jacquard etc were invented
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Distinguish between woven and knitsWoven Knits
Two types of threads are used One type of thread is used
Long process Short process
Yarn movement is restricted Yarn movement is not restricted
Strong fabric Weaker fabric
Less comfortable More comfortable
Wrinkles easily Highly crease resistant
Ironing is necessary Requires no ironing
Garment weaving not possible Garment knitting is possible
Thinner fabric Thicker fabric
Less extensible More extensible
Cutting waste cannot be reduced Cutting waste can be minimized
Stable fabric Less stable fabric
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Types of Knits:
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Warp Knitting In a warp knitting
structure each loop in the horizontal direction is made from different thread. Sweater is made by this warp knitting techniques.
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Weft Knitting In a weft knitting
structure a horizontal row of loops can be made using one thread and the thread runs in the horizontal direction. Most of the knitting fabric are produced by weft knitting
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DIFFERENCE
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Single Jersey or Plain fabric A fabric in which the knitted loops are the same sort and
meshed in the same manner. Single jersey is the simplest to knit and it can be produced
either on circular or flat machines by means of one set of needles which draw their loops to only one side of the fabric.
The fabric has one appearance on the face side and a different one on the reverse. The side on which the straight parts of the stitches appear in V formation is called the face side and the reverse side has twin rows of opposed semi circles.
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Properties Of Single JerseySimplest knit structure.Face side smooth and sheen.Back side rough and dull.Lighter fabric.Economical.Easily ravels at both the ends.Highly extensible in length and width.Laddering is very common in these fabric.
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Purl FabricPurl fabric is produced by drawing face
and reverse loops at alternate courses, where odd number of courses have all reverse loops and even number of courses have all face loops.
It can be done on either flat or circular machine.
Several purl structures can be produced by arranging the face and reverse loops in different orders.
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Properties Of Purl
Both sides of the fabric are similar in appearance to the reverse side of the single jersey fabric
Ravels from both endsTwice the thickness of the plain
jerseyRate of production is lowAlmost equal extensibility in length
and widthMost suitable for children’s
garments, blankets shawls and scarf etc.
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Rib Fabric• A fabric in which both back
and face loops occur along the course, but all the loops contained with in any wale are of the same types
• A rib structure implies a knitted fabric with face and back loops occurring in the same courses but not in the same wale
• Rib fabric can be produced on V – bed machine and footwear machine.
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Properties Of RibDouble Face or Reversible fabricSimilar cord appearance in each sideThicker and heavier fabricRavels only at end knitted lastLies flat without curlExcellent width way elasticityForm fitting.
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Interlock Fabric Interlock is the name given to a double faced rib based structure
containing of two rib fabrics interlocked together.The production of interlock fabric needs two needle beds, having long
and short needles arranged alternately on both the beds.Two feeders are required to knit a single repeat of interlock and also
cam systems are arranged accordingly.
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Properties Of InterlockBoth sides of the fabric have an appearance like
face side of the single jersey fabric. It is a reversible fabric as rib one.
The structure do nor curl at edges when laid flat on surface
Horizontal and vertical stripes can be produced by using coloured yarns
The fabric ravels only from the end knitted lastThe rate of production is low.
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Feature of interlock circular knitting machine In interlock circular knitting
machine, there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder & other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.
The cylinder and dial needles are interlock of gaiting (the dial needles are face to face between the cylinder needles).
Both cylinder & dial needle bed should have two types of needle (short & long needles).
Generally needle gauge is 20.
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1. Positive feeder.2. Tooth belt/ Timing belt.3. Driving wheel.4. On/Off key.5. Knot catcher.6. Tensioner & magnet.7. Storeer /Supplier.8. Feeder.9. Cylinder.10 . Dial.11. Cylinder needle.12. Dial needle.13. Cylinder cam.14. Dial cam.15. Spreader.16. Take down roller.17. Batch roller/Cloth roller.-
Main parts of interlock circular knitting machine:
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● Advantages:
Interlock
• Used for under garments • Highly flexible fabric• Soft hand feel • Can adopt any body shape
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Feature of rib circular knitting machine In rib circular knitting machine,
there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder & other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.
The cylinder and dial needles are rib of gaiting (the dial needles are midway between the cylinder needles).
Both cylinder & dial needle bed should have two types of needle (short & long needles).
Generally needle gauge is 18.
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Machine parts:
• Yarn career• Break stop motion• Yarn guides• Dial• Cylinder• Dial cams• Cylinder cams• Dial needles• Cylinder needles• Oiling and air following devices• Sensors• Take up rollers• Batch rollers• Motor• Belts• Pulleys and gears• Clutches
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Knitting action:
1. Clearing: The cylinder and dial needles move out to clear the plain and rib loops formed in the previous cycle.
2. Yarn feeding: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the old loops are covered by the open latches and the new yarn is fed into the open hooks.
3. Knocking Over: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the old loops are cast off and new loops are drawn through them.
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Rib
More strengthFor grip purposes Used at neck, arm opening, waist band Always heavier than main fabric
● Advantages:
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Thanks to everyone to hear us with
patience