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Introduction of ISDBIntroduction of ISDB--TT ~~The latest information and technologyThe latest information and technology~~
29,29, October, 2008October, 2008CAPER CAPER
Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
Osamu Yamada, Masayuki TakadaOsamu Yamada, Masayuki TakadaPioneer NHK Science & Technical Pioneer NHK Science & Technical
ReResearch Laboratoriessearch Laboratories
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1.1. Situation of ISDBSituation of ISDB--T in JapanT in Japan
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3
Features of ISDBFeatures of ISDB--TT~~Requirements and Key TechnologiesRequirements and Key Technologies~~
Implementation Schedule of ISDBImplementation Schedule of ISDB--T T in Japanin Japan
1994 MPT asked to Council for technical requirement
1998 Issue of Digital Broadcasting Study Group Report
1999
MPT established technical standard
Apr. 2003
Provisional licenses were awarded
1999-2003 Real Scale Experiment Broadcasting
Dec 1.st 2003 Start of ISDB-T (Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka)
Feb.2003 Start of Analog channel relocation
Apr 1.st 2006
Start of 1-Segment Broadcasting
Oct. 2006
Start of ISDB-T (main city of the whole country)
Jul. 2011 Analog disappears
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4
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Estimation of the Number of Digital Estimation of the Number of Digital Broadcasting Receivers in JapanBroadcasting Receivers in Japan
AthensOlympic Games
FIFA World Cup Germany
BeijingOlympic Games
Stop ofAnalog Broadcasting
FIFA World Cup
From The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting
Sales Volume
Househols
[[x 1,000]x 1,000]
2007.6 *2007.6 *
2008.6*2008.6*
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5
5
(Unit: X1000)
Fixed
Mobile
Penetration of Fixed receivers and Penetration of Fixed receivers and Mobile TV PhonesMobile TV Phones
20052006
20072008
Source: Japan Electronics and Information Technology association (JEITA), Japan Cable Laboratory
*More than 70Millions have been sold so far.*More than 2Million mobile phone with one-seg have been sold every month.
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6
Cellular Phones with OneCellular Phones with One--SegSeg
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7
InIn--car TV Receiverscar TV Receivers
CAV-TD85D1
Mini GORILLA NV-SD10DT
GORILLA NV-HD830DT
Strada CN-HDS965TD
HS706D-A
Panasonic
SANYONISSAN/SANYO
Portable Navigation DeviceFull-Seg/One-Seg
One-Seg
Only
SANYO
SANYO
Pioneer
AVIC-VH099G
In-Car TV
Navigation System
※Full-Seg is Optional
One-Seg
Only
One-Seg
Only
All-in-one model
Tuner separated model
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8
PCs with ISDBPCs with ISDB--T tuner (OneT tuner (One--SegSeg))
Tuner
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9
USB Type ISDBUSB Type ISDB--T Tuners for OneT Tuners for One--SegSeg
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Portable DVD PlayerPortable DVD Player with ISDBwith ISDB--T tuner (OneT tuner (One--SegSeg))
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Other Portable OneOther Portable One--SegSeg ReceiversReceivers
Portable Audio Player
Portable Navigator
Portable Electronic Dictionary
Portable TV
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12
Manufactures of PortableManufactures of Portable OneOne--SegSeg ReceiversReceivers
Mobile Phone Car Navigation
PC Tuner Audio/DVD Player
TV/Radio Video Game
Toshiba Panasonic Logitech Sony Sanyo Nintendo
Sharp Fujitsu Buffalo Toshiba Evergreen Sony
Hitachi Sanyo Greenhouse Panasonic Sony
Panasonic Pioneer Sanwa Toshiba Logitech
Sony Kenwood IO-Data Sanyo
Kyocera Clarion Korega
NEC Mitsubishi Pixela
Fujitsu RockridgeSound
Sanyo
Casio
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22.. System Requirements and System Requirements and Technologies of ISDBTechnologies of ISDB--TT
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14
Features of ISDBFeatures of ISDB--TT~~Requirements and Key TechnologiesRequirements and Key Technologies~~
(1) System flexibility :Segmentation, Hierarchical transmissionSegmentation, Hierarchical transmission
(2) Robustness against impulse noise and multi-path interference :BSTBST--OFDM, Time interleavingOFDM, Time interleaving
(3) Mobile reception :BSTBST--OFDM, Time interleaving, OFDM, Time interleaving,
(4) Portable reception :BSTBST--OFDM, Time interleaving, One OFDM, Time interleaving, One segseg(partial reception) (partial reception)
(5) Effective frequency usage :SFNSFN
(6) Compatibility with digital radio services :SegmentationSegmentation
The system requirement was formally approvedThe system requirement was formally approved at the meetingat the meetingof Technical Communication Council in 1994.of Technical Communication Council in 1994.
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22.1.1 OFDMOFDM
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1616
OFDM SignalsOFDM Signals
Carrier 1
Time domain signal of OFDM wave
+
+
+
=
+
Frequency domain signal of OFDM wave
+
+
+
+
=
Carrier 2
Carrier k
GI Active symbol durationOFDM symbol
Transmissionsignal
f1
f2
fk
f1, f2, f3, fK
Magnitude
Frequency
OFDM was presented by Mr. Hirosaki(NEC) for the first in the world.
OFDM is
• Multi-carrier modulation– More than 2,000 carriers in a
6MHz TV channel– Long symbol duration
compare to single-carrier transmission system
• Multipath proof modulation– by adding guard interval
• Modulation/demodulation can be processed bySpectrum
((Ts)Ts)
FsFs
Fs=1/TsFs=1/Ts
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17
Superiority of OFDMSuperiority of OFDM
10
10
10
10
105 8 11 14 17
Eb/NO
BER
●
●
●
●
●
●
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
040302010
0
5 10Delay (μs)
Multipath Profile
(dB)D/U
No Ghost
OFDM
QPSK
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22..22 SegmentationSegmentation
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19
System for Mobile and Portable Reception System for Mobile and Portable Reception ~~Segmentation~Segmentation~
Television BroadcastTelevision Broadcast(ISDB(ISDB--T)T)
Audio BroadcastAudio Broadcast((ISDBISDB--TsbTsb))
Partial ReceivePartial Receive
DataData SegmentSegment
TransmissionTransmission SpectrumSpectrum
AudioAudio ProgramProgram
HiHi--VisionVision ProgramProgram
OFDF SegmentOFDF Segment
Simple TVSimple TV (Mobile)(Mobile)
Standard TVStandard TV (Mobile)(Mobile)
Standard TVStandard TV (Home)(Home)
AudioAudio ProgramProgram
AudioAudio ProgramProgram
Data, Data, etcetc
Terrestrial Digital Television ReceiverTerrestrial Digital Television Receiver OneOne--segseg & Terrestrial Digital Audio Receiver& Terrestrial Digital Audio Receiver
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20
Services of ISDBServices of ISDB--T T 6MHz
13 Segments
Fixed Reception
13 or 12 + 1 segments
Mobile/HandheldReception
Handheld terminal
HDTV
Home Receiver
12 or 13 segments
Receiver in Vehicle
Communication / Internet
TV stationTV station
Communication carrier
(diversity reception)1 segment
Support 3 reception typesby one channel
ISDB-T can also use internet
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21
Digital broadcasting experts group
Easy to add new services
You can see the products and you can buy them directly.
Weather forecast
News
Information linkedto on-air program
Data BroadcastingInteractive TV,
e.g. interactive shopping
Merits of Digital BroadcastingMerits of Digital BroadcastingMerits of Digital Broadcasting
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22
Transmission ParametersTransmission Parameters
ModeModeMode 1Mode 1(Mobile)(Mobile)
Mode 2Mode 2(Mobile, Fixed)(Mobile, Fixed)
Mode 3 Mode 3 (Fixed)(Fixed)
Number of carrierNumber of carrier
Carrier distanceCarrier distance
Valid symbol lengthValid symbol length
Guard interval lengthGuard interval length
ErrorErrorcorrectioncorrection
inner codinginner coding
outer codingouter coding
Time domain interleave
BST-OFDM Segment
14051405
33.968.968kHzkHz
00.252.252msms
28092809
1.9841.984kHzkHz
00.504.504msms
49924992
0.9920.992kHzkHz
1.0081.008msms
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of valid symbol lengthof valid symbol length
Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
ReedReed--Solomon (208, 188)Solomon (208, 188)
Convolution 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 second
1313
Bit rate Bit rate 3.65 3.65 –– 23.23 23.23 MbpsMbps
Hierarchical transmission 3
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22..3 3 Hierarchical TransmissionHierarchical Transmission
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24
Information BitInformation Bit--rate v.s. C/Nrate v.s. C/N
C/N (dB)0 5 10 15 20 25
0
5
10
15
20
25
1/2
DQPSK
2/316 QAM
64 QAM
Guard interval : 1/8
3/45/6
7/8
QPSK
Info
rmat
ion
bit r
ate
(Mbi
t/s)
66dBdB 66dBdB17.517.5dBdB
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22..4 4 Time Interleaving and Time Interleaving and Mobile ReceptionMobile Reception
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Impulse Noise to Analog TV
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27
Comparative Test in PeruTest against Impulse Noises from Hair Dryer
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Effect of Time Interleaving (1)Effect of Time Interleaving (1)
0 10 20 30 4010-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100B
ER
C/N [dB]
without time interleaving
with time interleaving
fd = 7 Hz fd = 20 Hz fd = 70 Hz
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Why Mobile and Portable ReceptionWhy Mobile and Portable Reception
(1(1) ) All kind of TV programs including data services can be received All kind of TV programs including data services can be received at home in the future, via satellite, cable, internet, etc..at home in the future, via satellite, cable, internet, etc..
(2) People(2) People’’s outside life times are increasing in the presents outside life times are increasing in the present--day life.day life.
(3) Broadcasters have to serve anytime for such people including(3) Broadcasters have to serve anytime for such people including video, audio, and data.video, audio, and data.
(4) Especially, the emergency information services are very (4) Especially, the emergency information services are very important for people. important for people.
(5) VHF and UHF band frequencies used by broadcasters, are the (5) VHF and UHF band frequencies used by broadcasters, are the best for mobile and portable reception. best for mobile and portable reception.
(6) In the age of the convergence of broadcasting and (6) In the age of the convergence of broadcasting and communication, Broadcasters cancommunication, Broadcasters can’’t survive without mobile and t survive without mobile and portable services.portable services.
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30
Field Trials of Mobile Reception TV Field Trials of Mobile Reception TV for the First Time in the World (1993)for the First Time in the World (1993)
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31
Comparison between Digital(OFDM) Comparison between Digital(OFDM) and Analog Broadcastingand Analog Broadcasting
AnalogOFDM
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Effect of Time Interleaving (2)Effect of Time Interleaving (2)
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
35 40 45 50 55 60 65Measured Field Strength (dBμV/m)
Cor
rect
Rec
eptio
n T
ime
Rat
es (%
)
With Time Interleaving Without Time Interleaving
Mode 2, DQPSK, 1/2 , 13 seg.
99%
Result of field trials
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22..5 5 SFN(Single Frequency Network)SFN(Single Frequency Network)
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34
Reception in SFNReception in SFN
NHK
CLI CancellationMain station
NHK
SubscriberRelay stationSea, LakeDiversity reception
NHK
SubscriberSFN relaystation
NHK
SFN relay station
NHK
SFN stations outside the dedicated area
Desiredsignal
Large delay signal
Large delay multi-path equalization
Reflected signal
Desired signal
CLI
Subscriber
CLI: Coupling Loop Interference
By NHKBy NHK
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35
Extended Equalization RangeExtended Equalization Range
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010
-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Delay of multipath (μs)
BER
With equalizer
Without equalizer
Equalizing range of delay
D/U=6dBC/N=30dB
GITu/8
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33. . ConclusionConclusion
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37
((11) ) The Japanese The Japanese terrestrial digital broadcastingterrestrial digital broadcasting (ISDB(ISDB--T)T) had been had been developed based on a series of experiences in developing TELETEXdeveloped based on a series of experiences in developing TELETEXT and T and FM multiplex broadcasting systems.FM multiplex broadcasting systems.
(2)(2) ISDBISDB--TT has a lot of merits, system flexibility, mobile and portable has a lot of merits, system flexibility, mobile and portable reception, SFN, robustness against any interferences etc.reception, SFN, robustness against any interferences etc. which other which other systems donsystems don’’t have.t have.
(3) In Japan, ISDB(3) In Japan, ISDB--T T receivers have been penetrating fastest in the worldreceivers have been penetrating fastest in the world, and , and the price is going down rapidly.the price is going down rapidly.
(4)(4) BrazilBrazil decided decided to adopt to adopt ISDBISDB--T T as their national systemas their national system in 2006in 2006 on the on the results of comparison of three systems, and started it in 2007.results of comparison of three systems, and started it in 2007.
(5) Only ISDB(5) Only ISDB--T can satisfy the need of all people, and contribute to the T can satisfy the need of all people, and contribute to the improvement of the life of all people.improvement of the life of all people.
ISDBISDB--T is the best.T is the best.
ConclusionConclusion
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Since the radio frequencies are the common resources for people, we have to use them usefully.
The most effective usage for VHF and UHF is for not fixed but mobile and portable broadcasting.
Once we have decided the DTTB system as a national broadcasting standard, we can’t change them anymore. Other two groups have been continuing to improve their performances.
We should select the best system for descendants not to regret and not to accused of it later.
Broadcasters are facing on the important time if the services can be extended.
We want you in Argentina to use ISDB-T not for us but for you. If you select ISDB-T, we, the Japanese side will do our best for Argentina.
Once AgainOnce Again
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Let’s work together towards the future !