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1) Introduc+on(M.Horanyi)
2) Subsurface:Outstandingissues,experimental&simula+on/theoryneeds(S.Ba+ste,M.Lankton,S.Sture)
3) Simulantmaterials(M.Weinstein)
4) Surface/Atmosphere:Outstandingissues(M.Horanyi,E.Grün,R.Hodges)
5) Smallscaleexperiments(S.Robertson)
6) Midsizeexperiments(T.Munsat,E.Grün)
7) Instrumentdevelopment(Z.Sternovsky)
8) Computersimula+ontools(P.Messmer,G.Lapenta)
9) Industrialpartners(T.Sparn)
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Concept7:TheMoonisanaturallaboratoryforregolithprocessesandweatheringonanhydrousairlessbodies.
ScienceGoal7c—Understandregolithmodifica+onprocesses(includingspaceweathering),par+cularlydeposi+onofvola+lematerials.
ScienceGoal7d—Separateandstudyrarematerialsinthelunarregolith.
Concept8:ProcessesinvolvedwiththeatmosphereanddustenvironmentoftheMoonareaccessibleforscien?ficstudywhiletheenvironmentremainsinapris?nestate.
ScienceGoal8b—Determinethesize,charge,andspa+aldistribu+onofelectrosta+callytransporteddustgrainsandassesstheirlikelyeffectsonlunarexplora+onandlunar‐basedastronomy.
ScienceGoal8c—Usethe+me‐variablereleaserateofatmosphericspeciessuchas40Arandradontolearnmoreabouttheinnerworkingsofthelunarinterior.
ScienceGoal8d—Learnhowwatervaporandothervola+lesarereleasedfromthelunarsurfaceandmigratetothepoleswheretheyareadsorbedinpolarcoldtraps.
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LASPD. Baker
CU Lunar Science Institute
M. Horanyi
Graduate SchoolS. Sture
Program Office / EPOE. CoBabe-Ammann
ATMOSPHERER. Hodges
SURFACEM. Horanyi
SUBSURFACES. Sture
Theory / ModelsNAME?
Test Bed FacilityS. Batiste
Enabling Technology M. Lankton
Theory / ModelsM. Horanyi
Laboratory Experiments S. Robertson
Dust Accelerator Facility T. Munsat
Instrument DevelopmentZ. Sternovsky
Industrial Partners
Regolith MechanicsS. Batiste
Small Bussines Partners International Partners
Theory / ModelsR. Hodges
Laboratory Experiments:NAME?
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Subsurface
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OutstandingIssues
• Regolithbehavior• Subsurfacestructure• Enablingtechnologies
– Excava+onmethods
– Mobility‐par+cularlywithheavyloads
– Regolithhandling• ISRU‐miningandmaterialprocessing
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ExperimentalNeeds• Environmentalneeds
– Vacuum• effectofaironmaterialmovement/stresses• dustgenera+on• probablydonotneedhigh(butwouldbeokay)
– Surfacecharging– Temperaturecontrol
• e.g.formechanisms
– Humiditycontrol• Forsoilbehavior‐geotechnical,charging
• TestbedNeeds– Basicregolithtes+ng(geotechnical)– “Sandbox”
• Possiblyalargetestbed(3mx3m?)‐wouldneedtobeabletopar++ontomakesmaller‐filledwithregolith
• A4’x4’x3’containerthatcouldbetransferredtothecentrifuge• Oukitcontainerwithframetosuspendequipmentfortest
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Simula+on/TheoryNeeds
• Modelregolithatthepar+clelevelwitheffectsofcharging,agglu+nates,etc.
• Simulatetheenablingtechnologies(e.g.aplowbladeorwheel)
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IndustrialScaleLunarSimulant• Zybek/USGSproducingNASANU‐LHTSeriessimulants
– Chemicallyandphysicallysimilartohighlandsmaterial– Containcrystal,glassandagglu+nate– Producelunarbuildingmaterials– 1to15tonspermonth
• Coreofglass/agglu+natetechnology:– Remotelycoupledarcs;upto1MWpower– Provide~13,000to20,000˚Kwithrapidthermalgradient– Un‐matchedtempandthermalgradientatatmosphericpressure
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Glass/Agglu+nateProduc+on
Produc+onofLHTGlass(minimelter)Videoclip‐Produc+onofLHTagglu+nate
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LunarSimulant
• Done:(toolsforCUresearch)– LHT1,2,3(Glass,agglu+nate,re‐crystallizedmaterial)– MeltBreccias– Small‐scalebuildingmaterials
• Fiber,testbricks• ToBeDone:(Researchtopics)
– BepercontrolNanoFeintoagglu+nate– Synthe+cAnorthite/lunarmaterials– Full‐scaledustproduc+on– Interac+ons‐glass/agglu+nate/nanoFetoequipment– Interac+ons‐glass/agglu+nate/nanoFetopeople
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TheLunarSurfaceEnvironment• Photons• Neutrals
– H2,fromsolarwindrecomb. (undetected)
– Ne,fromwind– 40Ar,from40K– Na,fromgardening– Landerexhaust&outgassing
• Solidpar+cles– Levitatedregolith– Micrometeorites– Ejecta– Regoliths+rredbyac+vity
• Electrons– Photoemission,~3eV– Solarwind,~10eV– >30eV,flares,magnetosphere
• Ions– Protons,solarwind– Solarwindminorityspecies– Photoionizedatmosphere– Impactejecta
• Fields– Electrosta+c
• Ver+calfromsheath• Horizontalfromterminator• Complex,fromtopography• Nightside,fromprotonshadowing
– Magne+canomalies
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Lunar Surface Processes
Effects of Meteoroid Impacts on the Lunar Surface
What can be measured in the laboratory by simulations with a dust accelerator (DA, 0.1 to 1 micron projectiles at 1 to 50 km/s speed) or
Light-Gas-Gun (LG, 10 to 100 micron projectiles at 3 to 6 km/s speed)? Typical meteoroid impact speeds on the lunar surface range from
a few to ca. 100 km/s. All impact phenomena are strongly dependent on projectile material, size and speed.
SimulationPhenomenon Description
DA LG
Diagnostics
Cratering Central pit and spallation zone in brittle materials
like lunar rocks and glasses ! ! Microscopy, electron microscopy
Gardening Soil process: turn-over of regolith ! Marking of soil layers
Projectile/target
vaporization
Vaporization, gas release, re-condensation ! Mass spectroscopy, vapor
deposition and analysis
Plasma generation Pos. and neg. ions and electrons from projectile and
target ! Charge collection, mass
spectroscopy
Light emission Excited atoms/molecules from projectile and target ! Photo-multiplier, Spectrometer
High-speed ejecta Ejection of particulates and molten material at
speeds above ~ 1 km/s up to multiples of impact
speed
! ! Impact light flash, craters on
witness plates, impact mass
spectrometer?
Low-speed ejecta Chips from the target, unmodified regolith particles ! Microphones, dust collectors
Target melting Central crater and high-speed ejecta consist of
molten target material intermixed with some
projectile material
! ! Microprobe analysis
Chemical/mineralogical
fractionation
Change of chemistry and mineralogy of projectile
and target during melting and formation of glass
agglutinates
! ! Particle collection, microprobe
analysis
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1. Adsorp?on‐desorp?onprocessesforgasesonfinesoilgrains.1.1Doesdesorp+on+medependongrainsize?1.2Whatistheenergydistribu+onofdesorbedatoms?1.3Doesspecificheatofdustdependongrainsize?
2. SpuFererosion.2.1Howdosolarwindhydrogenandcarbonescapefromthemoon?2.2WhydoesspuperedHehavesub‐escapeveloci+es?2.3WhyaretrappedsolarwindHe/Nehighinagglu+natesandbreccias,anddepletedinilmenite?2.4Isthesurfaceareaofexposedgrainsdominatedbyagglu+natesalthoughmassmaybedominatedbysubmicronpar+cles?2.5Whatisthecomposi+onofspuperedmaterial?IsNapreferen+allyremovedfromrocksurfacesbyspupering?
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3.Micrometeorerosion.3.1Whatarethera+osofvaporizedandmeltedrocktoimpactormassasfunc+onsofimpactorvelocity?3.2Doesthecomposi+onofvapordependonimpactenergyorsoilgrainsizedistribu+on?3.3Whatistheenergydistribu+onofvapor?
3.4Whatisthecomposi+onofvapor(molecularand/orelemental)?Areanyelementsletbehind?3.5Whatfrac+onofthevaporre‐condenses?3.6Areanyagglu+natesorbrecciascreated,andarepre‐implantedtracerelementsretained?
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Instrumenta+ontestbed
Schema+cdiagramoflunarsurfacedustexperiments:TheUVlampilluminatesasurfaceofregolithsimulanthavingaboulderandacraterastopographicfeatures.Plasmaprobesareusedtomaptheelectrosta+cpoten+alscreatedbytheunevenphotoemission.Amodelofasetofinstruments(plasmaprobesanddusttelescope)designedforthelunarsurfacewillbetestedinaseungascloselyresemblingthelunarsurfaceaspossible.Thedopedlineisthetrajectoryofadustpar+clemovingtowardthedusttelescope.
UVlamp
1m
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Dustadhesionexperiment
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DustAcceleratorforImpactStudiesPelletron3MVionaccelerator(modifiedfordustaccel.)• ModeledaterHeidelbergdustaccelerator
• Ionheadremovedandreplacedwithdusthead
(par+clecharging~30%offieldemissionlimit)
• Preciseselec+onofpar+cles(size/velocity)allowedtotarget• Par+clematerials: Iron,Silver,Latex,???
• Par+clesizes: 0.2–2.5 µm
• Par+cleveloci+es: ≤100km/s
Similar to bombardment of lunar surface
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FacilitytobelocatedatcyclotronlabonEastcampus
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Scienceques+ons• Whatarethecharacteris+csofthemicro‐plasmacreatedupon
micrometeoriteimpact?
• Whatistheangulardistribu+onandvelocitydistribu+onoftheejectedpar+culates/ions/neutrals?
• Whatisthesize,charge,andchemicalcomposi+onoftheliberateddebris?[Esp.onrealis+cregolithmaterial...]
• Howareimpactsaffectedby,andhowdotheyaffect,thechargedlunardustatmosphere?
• Whatistheeffect(single/accumulated)ofbombardmentonmaterials,instrumenta+on,etc.?
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G.Lapenta(Belgium) P.Messmer(Tech‐XCorpora+on)
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LDEX,impactdetec+on(mass,velocity)
ELDA,slowdustdetec+on(charge,velocityv,mass)
DTS,slowoffastdust(charge,velocityvectors)
LAMA,dustcomposi+on(mass,velocityalso)
DustTelescopeDTS+LAMA
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A–lunarsurfacesimula+onchamberB–dustacceleratorC–lightgasgun
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4.3.2Ins?tu?onalCommitmentTheterm'ins+tu+onalcommitment'isintendedtoincludethoseaspectsofexis+ngorproposedinfrastructurethatwillcontributeinasubstan+alwaytothedevelopmentofthefieldoflunarscienceandtheNLSI.Contribu+onsbyboththeleadins+tu+onandotherTeammembersorins+tu+onscanbeconsidered.Examplesinclude:trainingofundergraduate,graduate,andpostgraduatestudentsinlunarscienceanditsrelatedfields;academicdegreeorcer+fica+onprogramsinlunarstudies;permanentortenure‐trackposi+ons;offices,laboratories,andotherexperimentalorcomputa+onalfacili+es;communica+onstechnologyequipmentand/orstaff+me;associatedresearchgroupsthatcanbeshowntobeofdirectandsubstan+vebenefittotheIns+tuteandthelunarscien+ficcommunity;andengineeringandtechnologyplanninganddevelopmentcapabili+esthatallowsubstan+vecontribu+onstoexis+ngorplannedNASAspaceorlunar/planetaryexplora+onmissions.Ingeneral,thecoopera+veofferoftheseandothercri+calresourcestobeprovidedatnocosttotheNLSIbytheproposerisconsideredprima facie evidence of ins5tu5onal commitment.
1) Cyclotronbuilding&offices2) 2facultylines&startupfunds(~600KtobeinvestedinCU/LSI)3) Newcourses……….
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PartnerPar+cipa+on
CompaniesthathaveshownaninterestintheIns+tute
An+cipatedsupportfrommanypoten+alcorporateorganiza+onspossible.
InKindSupport MatchingFunds
Contribu+ons SupportfromtheColoradoStateLegislaturemaybesoughttofurtherColorado’sSpaceindustrialleadership
UniversityofColoradoin‐kindsupportwouldbeleveragedtoinsureamaximumreturnontheinvestmentbyincreasedgrantsandcontracts.
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TheLunarScienceIns+tutewillprovideafocusforexplora+onresearchattheUniversityofColorado.
AshowcasefortheUniversityofColorado’sexis+ngexper+seinLunar,soil,dustandatmosphere.
Houseaworldclassdustacceleratorfacilitythatwilldrawresearchfromaglobalsetofresearchersworkingonexplora+on.
TheLunarScienceIns+tuteandtheUniversityofColorado
Createeduca+onandresearchopportuni+esintheareaofLunarexplora+on.
Workwithin‐stateaerospaceorganiza+onstopartnerinexplora+onresearch.
HelpdemonstratetheUniversityofColorado’scommitmenttoeduca+onofAerospacescien+stsandengineers.
Bringinnewopportuni+esfromNASA.
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Kick‐offMee+ng6/19/08
JointPar+cipa+onProjects• WASHINGTON‐‐OnJune6,NASAwillreleaseabroadagency
announcementsolici+nglunarsurfacesystemsconceptstudyproposalstohelptheagencydevelopplansforareturntothemoonby2020.NASA'sConstella+onProgramisinvi+nginterestedins+tu+ons,includingindustryandacademia,toapendadiscussionoftheannouncementonJune6attheU.S.ChamberofCommerce,1615HStreet,NW,Washington.Organiza+onsinterestedinsubmiungproposalsareencouragedtoapendtheinforma+onsession.Registra+onisavailableonlineat:
hpp://www.explora+on.nasa.gov
SBIRandSTTRSolicita?onsThe2008SBIR/STTRSolicita?onisscheduledtoopenonJuly7,2008atnoonandclosesonSeptember4,2008
NASAissuesannualprogramsolicita+onsthatsetforthasubstan+alnumberofR/R&Dtopicsandsubtopicareasconsistentwithstatedagencyneedsormissions.Boththelistoftopicsandthedescrip+onofthetopicsandsubtopicsaresufficientlycomprehensivetoprovideawiderangeofopportunityforSmallBusinessConcerns(SBC)topar+cipateinNASAresearchorR&Dprograms.TopicsandsubtopicsemphasizetheneedforproposalswithadvancedconceptstomeetspecificagencyR/R&Dneeds.
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Kick‐offMee+ng6/19/08
NASAGlennResearchCenter(GRC)hasarequirementforLunarRegolithExcava+on,HandlingandProcessing‐TechnologyDevelopmentand
Demonstra+onsforOutpostOpera+ons.
LUNARREGOLITHEXCAVATIONHANDLINGANDPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT
ANDDEMONSTRATIONSFOROUTPOSTOPERATIONS
GeneralInforma+on===================
Solicita+onNumber:NNC08ZRE032RReferenceNumber:N/ANAISPostedDate:May30,2008FedBizOppsPostedDate:May30,2008ResponseDate:Jun16,2008Classifica+onCode:A‐‐ResearchandDevelopmentNAICSCode:541712‐ResearchandDevelopmentinthePhysical,Engineering,andLifeSciences(exceptBiotechnology)Set‐AsideCode:N/AInternetAddress:hpp://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi‐bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=22#130287
OfficeAddress==========================
NASA/GlennResearchCenter,21000BrookparkRoad,Cleveland,OH44135
Descrip+on===========
NASAGlennResearchCenter(GRC)hasarequirementforLunarRegolithExcava+on,HandlingandProcessing‐TechnologyDevelopmentandDemonstra+onsforOutpostOpera+ons.
NASA/GRCintendstocontractwiththeCanadianCommercialCorpora+on(CCC)andtheNorthernCentreforAdvancedTechnology(NORCAT)toobtainmechanicallunarregolithsimulantandlunar‐compa+bleregolithexcava+onandhandlingtechnologies.Thiseffortinvolvescollabora+veuseofcomplementarylunarregolithtestbinsatbothNORCATandGRCu+lizingtheNORCATdevelopedlunarregolithsimulant,"OB1",whichisproprietarytoNORCAT;developmentofsmall‐scalelunarexcava+onimplementsfordeliverytoNASAforevalua+onandtes+ngusing"OB1";developmentofapproachestolunarminingaddressingmininglogis+csandhardwarereliability;andthedevelopmentofsmall‐scalelunarregolithprocessingandhandlingdevicesfordeliverytoNASAforevalua+onandtes+ngusing"OB1".ItisbelievedthatonlyNORCATthroughCCCcanprovidethiseffort,asthereisnoothersourcethathasdevelopedarecognizedlunarregolithsimulant.
TheGovernmentdoesnotintendtoacquireacommercialitemusingFARPart12.SeeNote26.
Interestedorganiza+onsmaysubmittheircapabili+esandqualifica+onstoperformtheeffortinwri+ngtotheiden+fiedpointofcontactnotlaterthan4:30p.m.local+meonJune16,2008.Suchcapabili+es/qualifica+onswillbeevaluatedsolelyforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetherornottoconductthisprocurementonacompe++vebasis.Adetermina+onbytheGovernmentnottocompetethisproposedeffortonafullandopencompe++onbasis,baseduponresponsestothisno+ce,issolelywithinthediscre+onofthegovernment.