IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Alexandria Division
TAREQ AQEL MOHAMMED AZIZ, M^
Plaintiffs/Petitioners
V.
DONALD TRUMP, President ofthe UnitedStates, ^ al..
Defendants/Respondents.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In this civil action, the Commonwealth ofVirginia ("Commonwealth") alleges that
ExecutiveOrder 13,769,entitled "Protecting the Nation from Foreign TerroristEntry into the
United States" ("the EO"), violates the First and Fifth Amendments to the United States
Constitution, as well as the Immigration andNationality Act and Religious Freedom Restoration
Act. Before the Court is the Commonwealth's Motion for a Preliminary Injunction, to which
defendants have responded and on which oral argumenthas beenheld. Attachedto the
Commonwealth's motionweremultiple exhibits and declarations. The defendants have
responded withno evidence other thanthe EO, which theyhave defended primarily with
arguments attacking the Commonwealth's standing to oppose the EO and emphasizing the
authority of the president to issue suchan EO. Forthe reasons thatfollow, the Commonwealth's
Motion for a Preliminary Injimction will be granted.
I. FINDINGS OF FACT
A. The Executive Order
OnJanuary 20,2017, Donald Trump ("Trump") was inaugurated as the 45th President of
the United States. On January 27,2017, he signed the EO. Section 3 of the EO "proclaim[ed]
l:17-cv-116(LMB/TCB)
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