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International Standard Atmosphere
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Not to be confused with Standard conditions for temperature and pressure.
he International Standard Atmosphere!"S#$ is an atmospheric modelof how thepressure,
temperature, density, and viscosityof the %arth&s atmospherechange over a wide range of altitudes. "t
has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of
tables of values at various altitudes, plus some formulaeby which those values were derived. he
"nternational 'rgani(ation for Standardi(ation!"S'$ publishes the "S# as an international standard,
"S' )*++:-*./0'ther standards organi(ations, such as the "nternational 1ivil #viation 'rgani(ation
!"1#'$ and the 2nited States 3overnment,publish e4tensions or subsets of the same atmospheric
model under their own standards5making authority.
Contents 6escription
) "1#' Standard #tmosphere
+ 'ther standard atmospheres
7 See also
* 8eferences
9 %4ternal links
Descriptionhe "S# model divides the atmosphere into layers with linear temperature distributions./)0he other
values are computed from basic physical constants and relationships. hus the standard consists of a
table of values at various altitudes, plus some formulasby which those values were derived. For
e4ample, at sea level the standard gives a pressure of +.)*h;a!atm$ and a temperature of *
1elsius, and an initial lapse rateof km !roughly , ft$. he tabulation continues to
km where the pressure has fallen to ))9.+) h;a and the temperature to
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"n the above table, geopotential height is calculated from a mathematical model in which the
acceleration due to gravity is assumed constant. 3eometric height results from the !more accurate$
assumption that gravity obeys an inverse sEuare law./citation needed0
he "S# model is based on average conditions at mid latitudes, as determined by "S'&s 1 )>S1 9
technical committee. "t has been revised from time to time since the middle of the )th century.
ICA& Standard Atmosphere
he "nternational 1ivil #viation 'rgani(ation!"1#'$ published their "1#' Standard #tmosphere as
6oc 7BB516 in --+. "t has the same model as the "S#, but e4tends the altitude coverage to B
kilometres !)9),* feet$./*0
he "1#' Standard #tmosphere does not contain water vapour
Some of the values defined by "1#' are:
ICA& Standard Atmosphere
Height km ' t #emperat$re !C %ress$re h%a Lapse ate !C"*** t
km CS@ *. +.)*
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he standard conditions for temperature and pressureare a model of gas temperature and pressure used
in chemistry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry