International Journals of Engineering & Sciences
IJENS Vol: 13 Issue 01
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International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
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International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.9387 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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IJET
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: A Novel Photobiodegradation Technology for Hydrocarbon Wastewater Treatment
Author(s): Agung Sri Hendarsa, Heri Hermansyah, Slamet
Pages: 01-06 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 130301-2525-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |452 KB
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Abstract: A pilot plant study to treat hydrocarbon wastewater treatment was carried out in sequential
photocatalytic and membrane bio reactor. It was called a novel photobiodegradation technology to reduce
phenol, ammonia (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water body. Titanium dioxide (TiO2 P25
Degussa) was suspended into reactor as photocatalyst. Consortium Acinetobacter was introduced into
membrane bio reactor as aerob biocatalyst. From this study, the results showed that the removal rates for
chemical oxygen demand (COD) was stable and averaged 90%. The average removal rates for NH3-N were
shown to be 98%. The removal rates for phenol were shown to be greater than 98%. This demonstrated that
photobiodegradation had superior treatment effect on the above contaminants.
Keywords: Aerob, photocatalyst, biocatalyst, hydrocarbon wastewater, photobiodegradation
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: The Use Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer As a External Confinement In a
Circular Column
Author(s): Ayuddin, H. Parung, M.W.Tjaronge, R. Djamaluddin
Pages: 07-13 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 132501-7474-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |633 KB
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Abstract: The column is an important structural component for supporting axial load, bending moment and shear
force. Damage caused by shear failure is seen as the most dangerous because the damage can cause structural
collapse suddenly. Therefore the columns of a building that has inadequate shear strength so that needs to be
strengthened with appropriate methods. One method that is appropriate to maintain the stability of structural elements
of the column is a confinement. In this study, the materials to be used as a confinement of the CFRP material
therefore has a a high tensile strength light weight, and it’s easy in implementation. The method used in this study is a
method of confinement with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with model testing of concentric loading. In this
study, the specimen will be used 9 specimens of the circular columns with models of variation is 3 specimens of RC
circular columns without the use of CFRP, 3 specimens of RC circular columns using transverse and longitudinal
reinforcement, and 3 specimens of RC circular columns using transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) as an external confinement. The Circular column with a diameter of 130 mm,
height 700 mm with reinforcement longitudinal 6 Ø 10 and spiral reinforcement for the transverse reinforcement is Ø
8-50 mm. The experimental results show an increase in the capacity of a circular column, for transverse and
longitudinal reinforcement confinement happen a increasing the strength of 60 % if it's compared with no use of
CFRP confinement and the circular column capacity that use a confinement of transverse and longitudinal
reinforcement and also using CFRP as external confinement has increased by 80 % if it’s compared with no use of
CFRP confinement and the circular column capacity of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement confinement to
confinement of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and also using CFRP as external confinement have a increasing the strength of 12.5 %. .
Keywords: CFRP, circular column, strength increase, confinement
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Ultrasonic Testing Of Carbon Epoxy Laminate Ply Drop
Author(s): R.Sultan, S. Guirguis, M. Younes, E. El-Soaly
Pages: 14-18 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 130101-05-7474-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |320 KB
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Abstract: Composite materials are widely used in a number of industrial sectors from aviation, space, to boat
building, automotive, and sports goods. Ultrasonic C-scans are used frequently to detect defects in
composite materials caused during fabrication and damage resulting from service conditions. Evaluation
and characterization of defects and damage require experience and good understanding of the composites.
Under low-velocity impact loading delamination was observed. Impacts simulating practical conditions like
tool-drop and runway debris induce defects such as delaminations, which are sub-surface in nature and are
barely visible on the surface. Hence detection, evaluation and characterization of these delaminations are of
major concern in aerospace industries as the life of the component depends on the size and shape of the
delamination. In present paper, the results of extensive experimental ultrasonic C-scans using the pulse-
echo immersion method on carbon epoxy laminate ply drop specimens impacted by low-velocity impact test
were introduced to detect the invisible delamination. The capability of C-scan testing to detect the
delamination was investigated. Also an attempt was done to solve the problem of sound wave lack at ply
drop zone.
Keywords: Ultrasonic test, C-scan, Carbon epoxy laminate ply drop, Delamination.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Study on Surface Roughness and Chip Formation During Milling Operation of Mild
Steel Using Vegetable Based Oil as a Lubricant
Author(s): S. A. Adam, N.A. Shuaib, M.R.M. Hafiezal, S. N. Suhaili
Pages: 19-23 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 135001-8787-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |296 KB
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Abstract: The purpose of this project research is focused on the study of surface roughness and chip
formation during milling operation of Mild Steel using vegetable based oil as a lubricant. Experimental set up
designed by using milling machine. Taguchi Method of Orthogonal Array with factorial design of
experiments used to analysis the response. Surface roughness and chip formation predicting models was
developed by using experimental data and analysis of the present lubricant and vegetables based oil. In the
development of predictive models, cutting parameters of cutting velocity, feed rate, and depth of cut were
considered as model variables. Further, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was used to analyze the
influence of process parameters and their interaction during machining. From the analysis, it is observed
that cutting speed is the most significant factor on the surface roughness followed by depth of cut and feed
rate. While Sunflower Oil gives the lowest surface roughness by setting of the best combination parameter.
Besides, the most influenced factor that contributes to larger chip formation is depth of cut. Even the lower
cutting speed and smaller feed rate had been used, the size still become larger when it comes to the
increasing of depth of cut.
Keywords: Chip Formation, Lubricants, Machining, Surface Roughness, Taguchi Method of Orthogonal Array
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Efficient Numerical Scheme of the Dynamics of Nonisothermal Thin Film Flow
Author(s): Moustafa A. Soliman, Khalid Alhumaizi
Pages: 24-39 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 138301-7272-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |773 KB
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Abstract: In this work we use Lubrication type method, based on the possibility of the separation of
longitudinal and transversal length scales to simplify the analysis of thin film dynamics. We study the
dynamics of evaporating thin liquid films on an inclined plane, where the effect of van der Waal forces is
significant. The numerical solution of the evolution equation is carried out using the method of orthogonal
collocation and is used for the study of the instabilities of evaporating thin film to identify conditions for
efficient operation. For symmetric cases where the plane is horizontal, a two spline collocation second order
formulation method that makes use of the symmetry seems most appropriate. For inclined plane, a spline
collocation first order formulation method is most efficient.
Keywords: Thin film flow, lubrication theory , orthogonal collocation
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Removal of Cu(II) from Water by Adsorption on Chicken Eggshell
Author(s): Nurul Aimi binti Rohaizar, Norhafizah binti Abd. Hadi, Wong Chee Sien
Pages: 40-45 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 139201-4646-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |205 KB
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Abstract: The use of chicken eggshell as adsorbent for the removal of copper (II) from water was
investigated in the present study. The effects of different parameters such as pH of the solution, agitation
rate and contact time on the adsorption process were studied. The optimum conditions for Cu(II) adsorption
by chicken eggshell were found to be at pH 7 with the agitation rate of 350 rpm. Equilibrium data were
analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data were fitted well to Freundlich isotherm
model. The adsorption kinetics data were evaluated by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order
models. The data were well correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that
chemisorption processes could be the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process. The results show that
chicken eggshell has the potential to be used as biosorbent for adsorption of copper (II) from water.
Keywords: Copper, chicken eggshell, adsorption isotherm, kinetic model
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Parametric Study on a Solar Still Located in Aswan, Egypt of Hot and Dry Climate
Author(s): Soubhi A. Hassanein, M. Attalla
Pages: 46-51 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 121305-9494-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |431 KB
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Abstract: All over the world access to potable water to the people are narrowing down day by day. Most of
the human diseases are due to polluted or non purified water resources. Solar distillation proves to be both
economical and eco-friendly technique particularly in rural areas. So a parametric study on a solar still
located in Aswan, Egypt, is presented in this research. Solar Stills operate on the same principles that
produce rainfall. The Sun is allowed into and trapped in the Still. The high temperatures produced destroy all
pathogens. The water evaporates, and condense on the glass. The glass is sloped to the south, and the
condensed water runs down the glass and is collected in a trough. The water is allowed out of the collector
through tubing, and is collected in glasses. Static solar technologies as well as one axis sun tracking were
compared. In addition to the effect of some parameters such as unit orientation, cooling water rate, radiation
and convection loss was studied in detail. The results show that The highest water productivities per unit
area are obtained by using combining of both FPC and PTC , cooling condensing surface ,and directed in
south orientation.
Keywords: Parametric Study; Solar Distillation; Solar Thermal Collector; Water Productivity
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Polarisation-Diverse MIMO System Performance for Mobile Phones Wlan
Application
Author(s): Muhammad Usman
Pages: 52-57 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 137001-8282-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |692 KB
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Abstract: A triple dual-band inverted F antenna system is presented, intended for MIMO applications in
mobile handsets accessing high-speed wireless local area networks (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards). A
comprehensive study was carried out in order to understand the enhancement of channel capacity and the
effect of polarisation diversity. Means of achieving minimum coupling between the three antennas were
investigated over the 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands. The antennas are placed in a geometry configuration
appropriate to implement the desired field and polarisation diversities. All of the three polarised antennas in
the system are resonant at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, with the return loss and coupling less than -12dB. The
overall volumetric dimensions of each antenna were 30158 mm. Each antenna contains two parts: a PIFA
resonant at 2.4 GHz and an inverted-L behaving as a capacitive load and responsible for the resonance at 5.2
GHz The results has been calculated for the 3x3MIMO system without and with human hand around it.
Keywords: Multiple Input Multiple Output communications (MIMO), Planar Inverted F Antenna, Channel
capacity, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Aeroelastic Sensitivity Analysis of Airliner Wing
Author(s): Jiri Cecrdle, Ph.D., Ondrej Vich
Pages: 58-63 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 137501-9494-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |788 KB
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Abstract: This paper describes the airliner wing flutter sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity coefficients
defines the influence of the structural parameters changes to the structure eigenvalue and flutter stability
characteristics. Evaluated structural parameters represent the possible changes of the structure due to the
installation of the smart high-lift devices at the leading and trailing edge region. In general, we can suppose
the increasing of the mass and mass moment of inertia around the elastic axis and decreasing of the
stiffness. Described effects are ordinarily considered destabilizing regarding the flutter. The main aim of the
presented work is to evaluate the impact of components to the stability and to define the most critical
regions or parameters.
Keywords: Aeroelasticity, flutter, eigenvalue, sensitivity
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Modelling Approach for Discrete Event Systems Through Petri Nets and Timed
Automata
Author(s): Mhamdi.L, Dhouibi.H, SIMEU-ABAZI.Z, Liouane.N
Pages: 64-69 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 138201-6565-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |398 KB
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Abstract: In this paper we propose a new modeling approach. The proposed approach is based on hybrid model
which combines Interval Constrained Petri Nets (ICPN) and Timed Automata. These tools allow us to evaluate,
respectively, the quality variations and to manage the flow type disturbance. An example analysis illustrates our
approach.
Keywords: Modeling, Petri Nets, Timed Automata, Interval Constraint Petri Nets, Robustness.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Development Of Co Gas Sensing Based SnO2 Thin Film
Author(s): I DewaPutuHermida, Yuyu R. Tayubi, Rani Nopriyanti
Pages: 70-74 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 137401-3838-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |745 KB
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Abstract: This research, have done design and fabrication CO gas sensing based on SnO2 thin film by sol gel
method. For component of gas sensing such as electrode was made of gold by sputtering and heater was
made of PdAg by screen printing. So that, sensor is expected to yields high sensitivity. Tests on sensors is
conducted to determine the effect of temperature on the resistance of the sensor and the sensitivity of the
sensor with a given flow rate of 10 ppm CO gas. The effect that occur in the sensor gas that when the
temperature that given to sensor is enlarged then the sensitivity will increase as well, but when the
temperature is given to sensor through its operational temperature sensor, the sensitivity of sensor value
will decrease. It also conducted tests using SEM and EDS to determine the morphology and composition of
the constituent sensor. Thus shown that the coating formed sensor has 21.21% C atoms, 22.43% O atoms,
14.98% Si atoms, 0.34% Cr atoms, 1.16% Ag atoms, 1.78% Sn atoms, and 38.11% Au atoms. Operational
temperature owned by this sensor is 95° C with the highest sensitivity value of this sensor is 16.59.
Keywords: SnO2, CO gas sensing, sensitivity, sputtering.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: A Soil Gas Radon Survey to Determine Fault at Southern Part of Rajabasa
Geothermal Field, Lampung Indonesia
Author(s): Nandi Haerudin, Wahyudi, Suprajitno Munadi, Wiwit Suryanto
Pages: 75-81 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 138501-2929-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |717 KB
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Abstract: A soil gas survey for radon was carry out at the southern part of Rajabasa geothermal field,
Lampung Indonesia. Survey area included 5.25 km2 and choosed 56 measurement point that was range 250 -
350 m spacing distance. The Radon concentration was measured by Scintrex Radon detector RDA 200. The
result of radon soil gas survey performed high radon concentration in the three manifestations wich was
included survey area; those are 123 cpm in Gunung Botak hot spring, 145 cpm Kunjir fumarole and 76 cpm
Bulakan (Cugung) fumarole. Three manifestation connected by two fault that were the fist went from
Gunung Botak tended west-southwest to east-northeast direction through Kunjir and the other went from
south-southwest to north-northeast accros the fist line to Bulakan fumarole.
Keywords: Geothermal field, Radon, soil gas survey.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Comparison of Surface Flows Derived from Different Resolution DEM
Author(s): Bashir Rokni Deilami, Malik Rashid Abbas Al-Saffar, Afsaneh Sheikhi, Muhammad Isa Bala, Dermayana
Arsal
Pages: 82-85 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 139801-6464-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |392 KB
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Abstract: This paper presents the comparison of two digital elevation model (Dem) at different spatial
resolution in Scania (Sweden). Dem as being digital representation of landscape topography consists of
elevation values in an array; landscape features such as slope, aspect, drainage areas and channel network
can be rapidly extracted using specialized numerical algorithms.Two elevation datasets have been used in
this study: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 90m resolution and GSD-Höjddata 50 m spatial
resolution. The Study area is Skåne County also known as Scania County in English. It is the southernmost
administrative county, of Sweden with an area of 11300 km2 (55°59′43″N 13°26′30″E). Arcgis software was
used in this paper for analysis. The method has four subdivisions: data harmonization, investigating and
filling sinks, modelling the surface flows and comparing the surface flows with a settled evaluation test.
First, flow direction was extracted from DEM (D8 method) and sink areas were inspected and filled, and then
flow accumulation and stream network were produced. Finally, streams were derived from both DEMs and
compared with river vector data (reality). The result shows that the streams derived from GSD-Höjddata 50m
resolution fits better to river data (reality) in comparison with streams extracted from resampled SRTM 90m
resolution DEM.
Keywords: DEM, GIS, Spatial resolution, Sweden
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Elevated Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Martensitic Cast Steel
Author(s): Stanisław Mroziński, Grzegorz Golański
Pages: 86-91 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 1310001-9898-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |695 KB
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Abstract: This work investigated the elevated temperature low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of
GX12CrMoVNbN9–1 (GP91) cast steel. Fatigue tests were performed for five levels of total strain amplitude
ξac and temperature of 400, 550 and 600oC. In addition, the preliminary results from tensile test were
presented. Strong cyclic softening was observed in all fatigue tests at elevated temperatures without
stabilization period of loop parameters. The plastic strain amplitudes during cyclic strain loading were
measured and correlated with the fatigue lifetime using Coffin – Mason – Basquin plots at each test
temperature. The fatigue lifetime decreased as the temperature test increased. The temperature effect on
lifetime was more pronounced at low strain amplitudes.
Keywords: Fatigue, Mechanical properties, Lifetime estimation, Cast.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Micro-Structure Characterization of Composite Wind Turbine Blade Following
Structural Testing
Author(s): Časlav Mitrović, Nebojša Petrović, Dragoljub Bekrić, Aleksandar Bengin, Branislav Rakićevic
Pages: 92-98 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 1310101-7474-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |858 KB
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Abstract: This paper presents the results of research of the microstructure of the composite blade W55RBVS
for the wind turbine of up to 6kW power after structural testing up to failure. The first part of the testing
consists of the static testing of the structure up to the moment of the blade failure. The aim of the first part of
the test was to define rigidity of the blade W55RBVS, to determine the maximum force which leads to faliure
and the relative span of the blade failure. Blade testing is performed in the Aerotechnics Laboratory of the
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade University. The second part of the testing consists of
comparing the critically loaded part with sub-critically loaded part. This test was carried out by atomic force
microscopy (Eng. Atomic Force Microscopy-AFM). All the results and analysis are presented in this paper.
The test result will be used to redesign the blades.
Keywords: Structural Testing, Small Wind Turbine, Composite Blade, Blade Testing, Microstructure, Atomic
Force Microscopy.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Gas Cooling Through Galaxy Formations
Author(s): Mariwan A. Rasheed, Mohamad A. Brza
Pages: 99-102 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 1312701-4747-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |506 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Physical Properties of Sunflower Seeds Components Related to Kernel Pneumatic
Separation
Author(s): Gamal Rashad Gamea
Pages: 103-114 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 1312401-4747-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |610 KB
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Abstract: The first part of the present study deals with some physical properties for sunflower seeds
components (seeds, hulls and kernels) related to pneumatic separation which are evaluated as a function of
change in moisture content from 8% to 14% (d.b.). Simple linear empirical equations were developed to
predict sunflower seeds components properties according to moisture content. All dimensions, mass, angle
of repose, coefficient of fraction, and terminal velocity increased linearly with the moisture content increased
up to 14 %, while the bulk density decreased linearly with the moisture content increased. The second part
was carried out on a series of experiments to specify the optimum conditions of separating operation which
ensure the highest grade of separation efficiency with minimum kernel losses. Pneumatic separation
equipment was tested under different combinations of the following factors: air stream velocity, feed rate,
broken kernels percentage and moisture content by using indices separation efficiency and kernel losses.
The combination of air velocity , feed rate, broken kernels % and moisture content affected significantly the
separation efficiency and kernel losses. Air stream velocity of 3.5 m/s combined with 30 kg/h feed rate, 10%
broken kernels and (10 – 12%) moisture content can be considered the most favorable combination values.
Keywords: Sunflower kernels, pneumatic separation, terminal velocity, kernel losses
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Using of a Compatibilizer to Improve Morphological, Physical and Mechanical
Properties of Biodegradable Plastic From Thermoplastic Starch/LLDPE Blends
Author(s): Waryat, M. Romli, A. Suryani, I. Yuliasih, S. Johan
Pages: 115-122 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 1312901-7272-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |500 KB
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Abstract: Problems encountered in the manufacture of biodegradable plastic are not compatible between
hydrophilic/polar and hydrophobic/non-polar materials. To improve the compatibility between the two
material blend were added materials such as compatibilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the
effect of compatibilizer on the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics made from
thermoplastic starch (TPS) and LLDPE blend. This study is divided three steps, that is preparation of
thermoplastic starch, preperation of compatibilizer (LLDPE/HDPE-g-MA), and preperation of biodegradable
plastic. The parameters observed morphological structure, functional group, Melt Flow Rate and mechanical
properties. morphological structure of biodegradable plastic become compatible and homogeneous with the
using of compatibilizer with the marked spread of TPS into the polymer matrix. Compatibilizer is able to
mediate between two materials which have characteristics different that is LLDPE (hydrophobic) and TPS
(hydrophilic). C = O stretching was resulted from ester group formation between TPS and MA-g_LLDPE
with the wavelength absorption of 1639.89 cm -1, 1632.47 cm -1 and 1649.18 cm -1. Using of a compatibilizer
made biodegradable plastic more compatible, homogeneous and good mechanical properties.
Compatibilizer can improve surface adhesivitas between LLDPE and TPS blend. The presence of MA-g-
LLDPE resulted greater physical and mechanical properties of biodegrdabel plastic than without
compatibilizer.
Keywords: Compatibilizer, TPS, LLDPE, biodegradable plastic
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4462 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Multivariate Outlier Detection in Currency Exchange Rate
Author(s): Shamshuritawati Sharif, Maman. A. Djauhari, Nur Syahidah Yusoffi
Pages: 01-05 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1215906-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |351 KB
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Abstract: In correlation networks analysis, the influential currencies is usually identified by using minimal spanning
tree (MST) to filter the important information followed by the centrality measures analysis. In this paper, we introduce
an analysis to identify the currencies that might have different behaviour compared to the others which is also
conducted based on MST by using outlier labelling and testing. A case study on 78 currency exchange rate will be
reported and discussed.
Keywords: Correlation matrix; distance matrix; gamma distribution; Kruskal‟s Algorithm
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: A Parametric Study for the Stopping Power of Some Electron Gas Targets Using
Extended Bethe Formula
Author(s): Sherzad A. Taha, Dlshad O. Abdulrahim, Omed Gh. Abdullah
Pages: 06-08 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 130801-6262-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |394 KB
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Abstract: Within the frame of Bethe theory, and within the first Born approximation, the basic formula for
energy loss including excitation and ionization of the coupled (projectile-target) system for both (H and C) as
projectile and a number of atoms like (Li, Be, B, C, N, Al, Ca, Fe, Co, and Cu) as targets were considered. The
effective charges and the stopping for both samples were measured. Reasonable causes for their variations
with velocity functions are found, and within some obeyed rules. The results are interpreted logically. Mostly
the peak value of the stopping power in the case of (H) is more than (C) because of their difference in
electron density, and atomic bonding energies. The results were compared with the available experimental
data counterparts and it has been observed that they are extremely agreed with other.
Keywords: Bethe Formula, Stopping power, Effective Charge
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: On the Vibration Behavior Study of a Nonlinear Flexible Composite Beam Under
Excitation Forces via Nonlinear Active Vibration Controller
Author(s): Y. S. Hamed, S. K. Elagan
Pages: 09-18 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 132701-9595-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |608 KB
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Abstract: The main object of this work is the mathematical study of the vibration behavior in a nonlinear
flexible composite beam described by non-linear differential equations and we focus on the application of
different control algorithms for a flexible composite, geometrically nonlinear beam–like structure with Macro
Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator. Multiple scale perturbation method is applied to obtain the solutions of
flexible composite beam and the nonlinear saturation controller (NSC) up to the second order approximation
and to study the stability of the steady state solution near different simultaneous resonance cases. The
resulting different resonance cases are reported and studied numerically. The stability of the steady state
solution near the selected resonance cases is studied applying both frequency response equations and
phase-plane technique. The effects of the different parameters of the system and the controllers on the
system behavior are studied numerically. The effects of NSC controller on the system are investigated
numerically. Comparison with the available published work is reported.
Keywords: A flexible composite beam, Stability, Vibration control, Resonance.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: An Exact Solutions for the Generalized Fractional Kolmogrove-Petrovskii Piskunov
Equation by Using the Generalized -Expansion Method
Author(s): Taha Elghareb, S. K. Elagan, Y. S. Hamed, M. Sayed
Pages: 19-22 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 135301-2727-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |202 KB
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Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the generalized - expansion method for construct an explicit
Exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of the fractional generalized Kolmogrove-Petrovskii
Piskunov equation , for some special parameter where satisfies a
second order linear differential equation , , , where , are functions
of t and , our problem Comparison with the available published work is reported. Keywords: A
flexible composite beam, Stability, Vibration control, Resonance.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Using a Complex Transformation to get an Exact Solution for Fractional
Generalized Coupled MKDV and KDV Equations
Author(s): Mohamed Saad, S. K. Elagan, Y. S. Hamed, M. Sayed
Pages: 23-25 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 135501-2828-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |277 KB
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Abstract: In this paper, we use the fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo to construct exact solution
for fractal derivative generalized coupled mKdV and KdV equation ,
. Many authors got to an approximate solution for fractal derivative generalized
coupled mKdV and KdV equation. We apply a generalized fraction complex transformation [12, 13, 15] to
convert this equation to ordinary differential equation. Finally, we obtain to a new exact solution for it by
using a novel technique.
Keywords: Generalized Coupled mKdV and KdV equation, Caputo Derivative, Fractal Index.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Middle-Aged Adults in Ahiazu
Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria
Author(s): Mbah, B.O., Eme, P.E. , Ezeji J.
Pages: 26-30 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 123406-1301-7575-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |361 KB
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Abstract: The thrust of the study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension
among middle-aged persons in Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State. A total of 200 subjects
aged 40-60 years were selected and used for the study. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height)
were taken. Body Mass Index (BMI) of the subjects was also calculated. The blood pressure measurements
of the subjects were also collected using a sphygmomanometer and then classified using standard methods.
A structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on the socio-
economic characteristics, personal data and risk factors associated with hypertension among the subjects.
The Statistical Package for social sciences was used for data analyses. The prevalence of hypertension
(32.5%) was found among the subjects with a higher proportion in female subjects (20.0%) than males
(12.5%). A quarter of the subjects (25.0%) were either overweight or obese. Less than half (30.0%) of the
subjects had a frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages and 23.0% had a frequent intake of salty foods.
These were all implicated as the risk factors of high blood pressure. There is need for preventive strategies
on hypertension control and enlightening the public on the risk factors of hypertension especially high BMI
and wrong eating habit and lifestyle should be encouraged
Keywords: Prevalence, risk factors, hypertension, middle-aged, Imo State.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Reproduction Aspects of Marine Worms Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) in Langgur
Waters, Lesser Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, Indonesia
Author(s): Martha Rettob, Diana Arfiati, Luchman Hakim, Lawrence Lumingas
Pages: 31-35 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 128805-1301-9494-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |186 KB
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Abstract: Marine worm class Polychaeta, Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840), is used by many local residents
in the Langgur waters as food. But in the collection the fishermen capture them before the spawn. The
practices might decline in catches since the purpose of the worms to surface is to release gametes.
Therefore, the catching period needs to be regulated based on bio-ecological aspects. The purpose of this
study was to observe the dynamics of P. cultrifera worm catches, to analyze distribution of egg diameter,
fecundity, and spawning peaks and to establish catching regulation. Sampling was carried out every month
in June 2010 through May 2011 in the Langgur waters using a line transect sampling method along the
shoreline. At any time of collection, samples were weighed to determine the biomass, then 5% of the
samples preserved in 50% alcohol solution. From the samples preserved were taken 10 and 40 individuals
respectively for egg diameter measurement and fecundity determination. The highest biomass was obtained
in September of 6346 g that indicated the spawning peak. The largest eggs were 110 μm and the highest
fecundity of 27,000 eggs was obtained in October. The dynamics of the catch showed that mature gametes
can be found throughout the year. Juvenile individuals were available only from June to August. Thus, the
correct closing period for catching the P. cultrifera worms would be from June to October.
Keywords: Polychaeta, Perinereis cultrifera, bio-ecology, marine worm catching.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Expert System-Based Predictive Cost Model for Building Works: Neural Network
Approach
Author(s): Amusan, L.M, Mosaku, T.O, Ayo, C.K, Adeboye, A.B
Pages: 36-44 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 127203-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |353 KB
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Abstract: Project managers need accurate estimate of building projects to be able to choose appropriate
alternatives for their constructions. Estimated costs of building projects, which hitherto have been based on
regression models, are usually left with gaps for high margin of errors and as well, they lack the capacity to
accommodate certain intervening variables as construction works progress. Data of past construction
projects of the past 2 years were adjusted and used for the study. This model is developed and tested as a
predictive cost model for building projects based on Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
with Levenberg Marqua. This model is capable of helping professionals save time, make more realistic
decisions, and help avoid underestimating and overestimating of project costs. The model is a step ahead of
Regression models.
Keywords: Expert-System, Predictive cost, Neural-Network, Cost, Model and Regression.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Morphological Changes of Cell in Relation to Increased Catharanthine Content of
Catharanthus roseus Cell Aggregate Culture after Tryptophan Treatment
Author(s): Dingse Pandiangan, Wenny Tilaar, Nelson Nainggolan
Pages: 45-51 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 133301-9292-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |457 KB
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Abstract: A study on changes in cell morphology and its association with increased catharanthine content in
Catharanthus roseus cell cultures after tryptophan treatment has been carried out. This study was part of a
strategy to improve the content of catharanthine. One strategy used was the addition of tryptophan as a
precursor. Increased content of catharanthine is essential in in vitro culture in order to keep the
catharanthine content at least equal to those grown in nature (in vivo). The research was conducted in the
laboratory using MS medium with tryptophan 50-250 mg/L. The results showed that cell morphology was
essentially the same for each treatment. The apparent discrepancy was the presence of long cells in higher
number in the treatment of tryptophan. The highest ratio was obtained from the treatment of 150 mg/L
tryptophan on day 14 of culture. There was relation between changes in cell morphology (more long cells)
with the increased content of catharanthine after tryptophan treatment. The highest content occurred on day
14 after 150 mg/L treatment of tryptophan with 75% long cells (specialized cells) and 50.96 µg/g dry weight of
catharanthine content.
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, cell culture, cell morphology, tryptophan, catharanthine.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: On Some Fractional-Integro Partial Differential Equations
Author(s): Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Abou-Zaid H. El-Banna, Walid H. Ahmed
Pages: 52-59 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1311702-4949-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |294 KB
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Abstract: In this paper, an inverse optimal control problem is introduced with state function governed by
fractional partial differential equation. The existence of the control and necessary optimality conditions are
proved.
Keywords: Fractional calculus, partial differential equations, Optimal control.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Fractionation Of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters From Virgin Coconut Oil
Via Transesterification and Distillation Under Reduced Pressure
Author(s): Jusman, Bambang Setiaji, Triyono, Akhmad Syoufian
Pages: 60-64 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 138901-3636-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |471 KB
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Abstract: A study fractionation of medium chain fatty acids ethyl esters from virgin coconut oil via
transesterification and distillation under reduced pressure. Transesterification was strarted by preparing
sodium ethoxyde from sodium hydroxyde and ethanol and then mixed it with the coconut oil : ratio
ethanol/oil (1:2), stirring speed 500 rpm, 2% NaOH catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 60 minutes at
room temperature. Ethyl ester which was obtained in every treatment was separated, washed and filtered,
which was then characterized by GC-MS. Then ethyl ester formed separated using distillation under reduced
pressure method based on differences in boiling point. At this stage fractionation by three fractions, namely
the fraction 1 (<140oC), fraction 2 (140-170 oC), and fraction 3 (> 170 oC). Each fraction was analyzed
composition of fatty acid ethyl esters using gas chromatography (GC). The result showed that the yield
medium chain fatty acid ethyl ester is 75.59% . While the stage fractionation of fatty acid ethyl ester
dominated by ethyl laurate with a range of above 60% for each fraction.
Keywords: Virgin coconut oil, transesterification, ethyl ester, fractionation, ethyl laurate
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Exact Solutions Of Space and Time Dependent Burgers Equation by the Extended
Unified Method
Author(s): H. I. Abdel-Gawad, Mohamed Osman, Nasser S. Elazab
Pages: 65-68 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 137101-2626-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |272 KB
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Abstract: Recently the unified method for finding traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations was
proposed by the first author. It was shown that, this method unifies all the methods being used to find these solutions.
In this paper, we extend this method to find a class of formal exact solutions toBurgers equation with space- time
dependent coefficients. A new class of solutions is obtained.
Keywords: Exact solution, Extended unified method, Burgers equation, Variable coefficients
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Does Pakistani Society Accept Corruption as a Changed Value with
Reference to Religious Perspective?
Author(s): Asad Ullah, Mussawar Shah
Pages: 69-74 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 137201-8484-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |349 KB
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Abstract: The major objective of this research was to assess the impact of corruption upon the prevalent religious
values in Peshawar. The conceptual framework comprise of perception of religious values as independent variable,
and corruption perception as dependent variable. The objectives were to find out people‟s perception, causes and
institutional role regarding corruption and social values, and suggest remedies. A sample size of 150 respondents i.e.
98 from universities, 27 from anti corruption agencies (NAB) and 25 from religious institutions, was selected to
ascertain their attitude towards phenomena at hand through Likert scale as measurement tool. Proportionate random
sampling technique was used for choosing the respondents. Association test (Chi Square test) was used to determine
the association between dependent and independent at bi-variate level. Gamma () statistics was further used for
determining the strength and direction of relationship. the study found that most independent variables are
significantly associated with corruption perception, which included knowledge of religion (P<0.000), Ijtehad in
controlling corruption (P=0.000), bill boarding of religious values (P=0.000), educational support to highlighting
religious values (P=0.000), involving the religious leaders (P=0.000), religion stresses to intact social values (P=0.000),
religious institution for stressing over moral training (P=0.000). Moreover, practicing religion (P=0.000), regular
religious awareness to guide masses (P=0.000), imposition of religious punishments (P=0.000). The study made it clear
that against the ideal orientation to values, the individual‟s sense of value is under change because of changes in real
orientations to values, caused due to changes in social circumstances. It is concluded that the social values are
deteriorating, being replaced by corruption which is getting the rank of a rising social value and is largely in practice
amongst members of society, especially in various economic aspects of social life. Nevertheless, people still believed
that prevalent social order is strong enough to combat this shifting dynamics, by generating a morality based
environment.
Keywords: Corruption, Social dimensions, Religious values.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Reduction Formula for Linear Fuzzy Equations
Author(s): N.A. Rajab, A.M. Ahmed , O.M. Al-Faour
Pages: 75-81 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1310501-8282-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |433 KB
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Recently fuzzy initial value problems or fuzzy differential equations, and fuzzy integral equations have
received considerable amount of attentions. In this paper, a reduction formula to reduce fuzzy linear
differential equations to fuzzy linear integro-differential equations of Volterra type is produced. Also the
fuzzy linear integral equations of Volterra type to fuzzy linear integro-differential equations of Volterra type is
reduced with some examples. Fuzzy reduction theorem helps to reduce every fuzzy linear integro-differential
equation of Volterra type of order n>1, to fuzzy linear integro-differential equation of Volterra type of first
order is introduced. Fuzzy function, which is used to define the functions in each fuzzy equation, is a fuzzy
bunch function.
Keywords: Fuzzy bunch function, Fuzzy deferential equations, Fuzzy Volterra integral equations, Fuzzy
integro-differential equations, Fuzzy reduction.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Concept of Personality Score in a Society
Author(s): Zahid A. Siddiqi, Arif Siddiqui, Ayaz Waseem
Pages: 82-87 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1310801-4545-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |290 KB
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Abstract: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the worth of a person in terms of a score (an integer
number), applicable for whole of the society, calculated in a simple way. The score may be used to compare
two persons working in different fields based on the level of formal education, the formal/recorded work
experience, the field demand of the profession of work, personal characteristics and the individual
credibility. The score may also be used to compare two individuals working in the same field with different
levels of education and experience. The developed method of scoring is not applicable for out-fliers / heroes.
One objective of the system is its simplicity, that is, evaluation of a person is carried out without going into
detailed factors such as individual psychology, work habits, public or private setup difference and type of
experience, etc. The score is based on past record of the individual and it does not include the potentials of
an individual for the future. The number is initially proposed to be used for self analysis of a person, but
later this data for group of individuals may be used by managers for important policy decisions. Although
the calculated index may have a theoretical maximum value of 500, it rarely exceeds 250 in actual situations.
The developed model gives realistic results for the selected example cases.
Keywords: Personality score; performance index; social evaluation; job importance; credibility; job fitness.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: The Solution of Advection Diffusion Equation by the Finite Elements Method
Author(s): Hasan BULUT, Tolga AKTURK, Yusuf UCAR
Pages: 88-97 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 132001-4747-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |543 KB
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Abstract: In this study, we have tried to find the numerical solutions of Advection diffusion equation (ADE)
by Galerkin method (GM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Homotopy perturbation method
(HPM); and then, we have formed a table that contains numerical results for this equation by drawing the
graphic of that equation using Origin 8. Finally, we have made a comparison between GM, ADM and HPM for
ADE.
Keywords: Linear Advection diffusion equation, Homotopy perturbation method, Galerkin method, Adomian
decomposition method.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Impact of Nigerian Textile Industry on Economy and Environment: a Review
Author(s): Bello, O.S., Inyinbor, A.A., Dada, A.O., Oluyori, A.P.
Pages: 98-106 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 138801-2929-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |345 KB
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Abstract: Environmental pollution is one of the issues of serious concern in the developing countries such as Nigeria;
industrial activities contribute to the growth of the economy but usually at the expense of the environment. Although
the Nigerian textile industry has in the time past contributed positively to the economy of her country it is not without
its negative environmental impact. This review article covers the impact of Nigerian textile industry on her economy
as well as her environment and most importantly is the environmental protection effort of the last five years (2008-2012)..
Keywords: Dye, Environmental pollution, Environmental protection, Heavy metals, Textile industry.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Vitamin A Food Sources and its Consumption Pattern in a Rural Community in
South-Eastern Nigeria
Author(s): Mbah, B.O., Eme, P.E., Davidson, G. I.
Pages: 107-112 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 133601-8484-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |284 KB
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Abstract: Objective: This study was undertaken to identify the dietary sources of vitamin A and also to
determine the consumption pattern of vitamin A in Aba South L.G.A.
Methodology: A total number of one hundred and sixty-three households were selected. A random sampling
technique was adopted. Questionnaire was designed to provide information on the socio-economic, food
habits and food consumption pattern of vitamin A rich food sources in the households. Information was
collected on diet history (24-hour diet recall) by interview. Data obtained from the questionnaires were
analyzed using frequencies and percentage.
Results: The results showed that 65% of the respondents purchased palm oil while 35% processed palm oil
by themselves. More than half (51.6%) of the respondents consumed palm oil 4 to 5 times weekly and 37.4%
consumed palm oil 2-3 times weekly. However, 11% consumed palm oil daily. About 6% produced carrots
with {90-3600 Retinol Equivalent (RE)} while 87.1% purchased it, pumpkin leaf with (300RE) were purchased
by 22.7% and 65.6% produced same. Less than a quarter (19.3%) of the respondents consumed fruits and
vegetables daily and only 0.2% spent above N2,000 on fruits and vegetables weekly. Twenty four hour dietary
recalls revealed that 23.9% consumed pumpkin leaf, 16.0% consumed pawpaw while 14.1% consumed
mango.
Conclusion: It was noted that most of the vitamin A rich food sources were not grown but purchased in the
area. This might have predisposed the respondents into low consumption of these foods because of poor
purchasing power. Home gardening in the area should be encouraged.
Keywords: Vitamin A foods, Consumption pattern, Aba South, Abia State Background of study.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Analytical performance of HG-QFAAS and ICP-MS in Determination of the
Total Arsenic in Indonesian tuna Fish Sample
Author(s): Tiny Agustini Koesmawati , B. Buchari, Aminudin Sulaeman, Slamet Ibrahim
Pages: 113-117 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1312501-7474-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 257 KB
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Abstract: This research was done to compare two different types of method in measuring the total arsenic using
hydride generator quartz cell AAS (HG-QFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
measurement. These methods were validated using CRM DORM-2 ([As] =18.0 µg g-1 ±1.1 µg g-1, found 17.7 µg g-1
± 0.9 µg g-1 ; n = 3) and DORM-3 ([As]=6.88 µg g-1 ± 0.3 µg g-1, found 6.77 µg g-1 ±0.14 µg g-1 ; n = 3). The result
of this study showed that ICP-MS measurement was more accurate compared to HG-QFAAS measurement.
However, measurement by ICP-MS is more expensive than HG-QFAAS. The result of this research can be used as a reference method for determination of total arsenic in tuna fish sample by HG-QFAAS..
Keywords: DORM-2, DORM-3, HG-QFAAS, ICP-MS, total arsenic, tuna fish
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.89934 International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Optimizing Geothermal Energy and Hydro Power in Capacity Expansion at the
Electrical System of Java-Madura-Bali
Author(s): Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi, Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Avrin Nur Widiastuti i
Pages: 01-08 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 132301-4646-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 681 KB
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Abstract: Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) system is the biggest electrical system in Indonesia. The system
covers more than 50% of total electricity demand in Indonesia. In this area, geothermal and hydro potential is
very feasible to be optimized for capacity expansion of power plant in JAMALI system. This paper analyzes
optimized plan in developing geothermal and hydro potential in JAMALI system. The analysis was based on
the LEAP model. The developed LEAP model was consists of two scenarios. The first scenario is a reference
scenario that is used to simulate the capacity expansion with the current status of geothermal and hydro
power plant. In this scenario, there were no capacity additions of geothermal and hydro power plant in
JAMALI system. The second one is an alternative scenario that is used to simulate the capacity expansion
based on the optimized addition of geothermal and hydro power plant. The capacity expansion was based
on the projection of electricity demand. The demand was projected based on population and GRDP data. The
result shows geothermal and hydro potential can be used to reduce the role of coal fire power plant in
JAMALI system. Based on alternative scenario, 21.69 GW of the capacity of coal fired power plant will be
replaced by geothermal and hydro power plant in 2025. In the view of environmental aspect, the reduction of
the role of coal fired power plant in JAMALI system will reduce the GHGs emission. The average growth rate
of GHGs emission is 5.34% per year and 2.69% per year respectively for reference and alternative scenario.
Keywords: Geothermal energy, hydro power, LEAP model, OSeMOSYS, GHGs emission.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Preference Analysis of Website Performance,Access, Security, Sensation, and
Information Variables to Identify Consumer Online Shopping Satisfaction at www.kebanaran.com
Author(s): Imam Tahyudin
Pages: 09-13 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 131701-2626-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 141 KB
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Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify the preferences of service quality (performance
variable website, access, security, sensation, and information) on consumer online shopping satisfactionat
www.kebanaran.com. The method of analysis used is the gap analysis. Based on the research findings
obtained that the preferences of the first ranking of consumer satisfaction is the performance variable
especially has a return policy (product returns) are clearly defined. Next rank is information
variablesuchconsumers get accurate information and information from a product quality.
Keywords: Preferences, the website performance, access, security, sensation, information, satisfaction, shop
online.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: An Undergraduate Control Tutorial on Root Locus-Based Magnetic Levitation
System Stabilization
Author(s): Ayokunle A. Awelewa, Isaac A. Samuel, Abdulkareem Ademola, Samuel O. Iyiola
Pages: 14-22 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 136801-4747-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 383 KB
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Abstract: The subject of control system design has evolved considerably over the years. Although several
design techniques and strategies have been adopted to realize control systems that meet a predetermined
set of performance criteria, the fundamental problem remains that of developing controllers to adjust the
performance characteristics of a dynamic system in order to obtain a desired output behavior. The dynamic
behavior of a magnetic levitation system (MLS) of a ferromagnetic ball is compensated in this paper.
Consolidating the exposure of undergraduate students to the rudiments of control system design, the paper
employs the classical root locus technique to stabilize the system. A combination of analytical and software-
based methods is used to design proportional-derivative and phase-lead compensators based on the
linearized model of the system. Complete details of the design approach, from modeling and analysis of the
plant to computing the values of the controller parameters, are shown. MATLAB scripts for plotting root loci
and simulating the system are provided.
Keywords: Compensators, magnetic levitation system, MATLAB® scripts, modeling, root-locus method, system
stability
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: TCSC Power Oscillation Damping and PSS Design Using Genetic Algorithm Modal
Optimal Control
Author(s): Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Hatta Imaduddien Wiennetou, Rian Fatah Mochamad
Pages: 23-30 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 139101-8484-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 1,183 KB
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Abstract: This paper presents the coordination of PSS and POD in a SMIB power system equipped with
TCSC. Some effective controller using PSS and POD schemes were proposed to improve power system
stability. These controllers produced supplementary signals, the PSS output signal for machine and the
POD‟s for TCSC. A two stage lead lag compensator scheme was considered in the PSS structure. A new
controller design, linear optimal control associated with modal control schemes, is proposed in both PSS
and POD design. By selecting the weighting matrix Q in conjunction with the close loop pole shifting, the
proposed modal optimal control has been formulated. The GA method was used to determine the parameter
controllers for both PSS and POD. The dynamic and stability of power system with proposed controllers was
investigated by using small disturbance to power system, 20% load variation. Simulation results show that
the presence of TCSC in power system network provided by PSS and POD controller is very potential to
improve system stability. A 45% of overshoot reduction could be reached, it is obtained significantly settling
time shorter, although the MO POD shorter only 16% than PSS ones. The dominant eigenvalues shift to the
more stable area, the real part of new eigenvalues approach their threshold -0.1. This result indicates that
the proposed modal optimal control has a good performance. Simulation results also revealed that the role
of POD controller is more dominant than the PSS, however both PSS and TCSC POD controller
simultaneously present a positive interaction.
Keywords: GA, modal optimal control, power system stability, SMIB, TCSC
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Analysis of Laser Linewidth Measurements based on Fabry Perot Interferometer
System
Author(s): Adnan Hussein Ali, Sahib N. Abdul –Wahid, Hussein A. Mohammed
Pages: 31-34 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 122306-1301-8383-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 276 KB
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Abstract: The linewidth of a tunable laser source TLS with both narrow and wide modes settings are
measured directly using scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer.. This system consists of a confocal resonator
that contains two high reflectivity mirrors; by varying the resonator length by the piezoelectric transducer,
the system acts as a very narrow band-pass filter. The operation of interferometer is controlled by a
controller and the linewidth is measured using detection oscilloscope. With narrow mode setting, the
linewidths are measured to be around 12 MHz, 14 MHz and 16.5 MHz for signal wavelengths of 1520 nm, 1540
nm and 1560 nm, respectively. While the linewidth is slightly fluctuated with the wide mode setting, and a
value varies from 104 to 195 MHz are obtained.
Keywords: Fabry Perot Interferometer; Tunable laser source TLS; Laser linewidth.
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.9852 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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Title: Strain Zones and Attrition Influential Zones in Tube Hydroforming Process
Author(s): Edina Karabegović, Isak Karabegović
Pages: 01-04 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 132201-6767-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 867 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: A fluid tube forming procedures are applied towards optimization of techno-economical parameter
production. A basic principle is utilisation of the material ductility in the stability range of a certain forming operation.
Besides of the manufacturing optimization of tube forming, like this it is achieved: better quality, mechanical and
structural properties of the work pieces, material and energy savings. During the process of tube hydroforming, and
with an analysis of the stress-strain states, fig. 3., four characteristic zones have been determined to exist: principal
tube zone, passing tube zone into the drainage, drainage zone (stresses of pressure and stretching) and top drainage
zone (stresses of stretching and pressure). The areas of attrition functioning in the process of tube forming, fig. 2., can
be separated in four different influential zones: a flow zone, passing zone, expansion zone and protraction zone.
Knowing the attrition coefficient in the influential zones gives the opportunity of strategy development for its decrease.
This paper provides a determining model of attrition coefficient in tube hydroforming.
Keywords: Strain zones, attrition zones, hydroforming, tube, manufacturing process
Title: Interfacial Indentation Stresses and Deformations of Elastically Layered
Viscoelastic Solids
Author(s): A. G. El-Shafei
Pages: 05-15 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 136901-5858-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 913 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: The indentation of layered viscoelastic solids is a nonlinear and time-dependent problem.
Consideration of the time-dependency of viscoelasticity and inclusion of the friction complicates the
analysis of the problem. This paper presents a numerical study to detect the indentation response of
a viscoelastic solid layered by an elastic layer and indented by a flat rigid indenter. Interfacial
indentation stresses and deformations at the indentation surface are completely determined.
Furthermore, effects of two layer characteristics, layer thickness and layer stiffness, and two
interfacial frictional parameters, micro-slip and coefficient of friction, upon the indentation response
are investigated.
Keywords: Finite element method (FEM), friction, indentation problem, viscoelasticity.
Title: Structure Design Optimization Considering Static and Dynamic Responses
Author(s): Hee Keun Cho
Pages: 16-22 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 137601-4949-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 552 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: Structure design has been optimized for physically coupled problems. A non-gradient evolutionary
genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the behaviors of isotropic solid structures. A structure
showing thermo-elastic-plastic and creep (TEPC) behaviors are considered for optimization under a number
of static and dynamic constraints. Complicatedly coupled solid behaviors are numerically calculated by
utilizing a FEM. The presented optimization scheme is conducted in conjunction with a FEA and involves
newly developed 2D nonlinear TEPC and modal analysis FEA codes. The present evolutionary technique
makes it possible to arrive at an optimum design with respect to a solid showing TEPC features with time-
and temperature-dependent material properties under dynamic natural frequency constraints. The developed
code has been verified through an example problem of a dome structure. The present results, attained for
the first time, could be useful to ascertain the synergizing effects of a FEA and a GA in TEPC problems
Keywords: FEA, GA(genetic algorithm), optimization, dynamics
Title: Mechatronics Design of Small Electric Vehicles; Research and Education
Author(s): Farhan A. Salem
Pages: 23-36 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 1310701-5252-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 836 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: This paper proposes mechatronics design of small electric vehicles (SMEV), including
Mechatronics design, modeling, simulation and integration of accurate sub-systems and overall system
models. the proposed design and models can be used to select, integrate, analyze and validate Mechatronics
deign process of SMEV and its sub-systems ; including mechanical system, control system, components
and electrical energy, resulting in simplification, acceleration and increasing accuracy of design. The
proposed overall system model can be modified to include any control strategy and/or any electric machine
(motor), where the motor and its associated driving power circuit and /or controller can be replaced with
different motors and/or control strategy. The proposed model intended to be used for research purposes as
well as, for the application in educational process. The proposed models were created and verified using
MATLAB simulink software.
Keywords: Mechatronics design, Electric vehicle, Electric Motor, simulink function block model.
Title: Determination of Forming Limit Diagram for Perforated Aluminium 1050A Sheets
Author(s): Venkatachalam, G., Patel Nilay , S., Debidutta Mishra ,Suresh Singh , Yashwant Choudhary, Narayanan, S.
Pages: 37-39 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 139301-6262-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 246 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: One of the needs of modern sheet metal forming is reliable knowledge about the formability of a
given material. Forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most appropriate tool used to measure the formability.
This FLD is influenced by the material / condition of the material, strain condition in geometrical features of a
sheet metal. In this paper FLD of perforated Aluminium 1050A sheets are determined by drawing process.
Experiments are also conducted to study the influence of percentage of open area, hole size and hole
arrangement pattern.
Keywords: FLD, Perforated sheets, Aluminium alloys, Formability, Drawing process.
Title: Finding Dominant Parameters For Fault Diagnosis Of a Single Bearing System Using
Back Propagation Neural Networ
Author(s): A. S. J. Karib, L. A. Wulandhari, A. Wibowo, H. Haron
Pages: 40-45 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 139901-4848-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 433 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: Bearing is a component that affects the performance of a rotating machine in order to be used
properly. The purpose of using ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads.
Diagnosis of bearing vibration data is an important process to identify either the bearing is normal or defect.
In this paper, we consider a single bearing system that consists of one normal or defect Fan End (FE)
bearing in which an accelerometer is attached to both normal and defect FE bearing to capture the vibration
data. These vibration data are grouped into several samples data. Five parameters are extracted from each
sample to be used as the input in neural network model and class of target output is either normal or defect.
Those five parameters are standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, absolute mean and root mean square. Our
objectives are to find the dominant parameters and the best model for fault diagnosis of single bearing
system. It is important to find the dominant parameters since the selection of dominant parameter can
reduce the pre-processing data phase. According to our observation that the dominant parameter is either of
standard deviation, absolute mean or root mean square and the best BPNN model is the model with one
input neuron and one neuron in hidden layer.
Keywords: Back Propagation Neural Network; Fault Diagnosis; Bearing System; Dominant Parameters.
Title: Buoyancy Effect on the Fully Developed Air Flow in Concentric Inclined Annulus
Author(s): Asmaa Ali Hussein
Pages: 46-59 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 133801-6767-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 512 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: Numerical investigation have been performed systematically to study the mixed convection heat transfer
and air flow patterns in the simultaneously fully developed region of inclined annulus with constant heat flux for inner
cylinder and adiabatic outer cylinder. The time dependent partial differential equations representing the vorticity, the
stream function and the temperature were approximated by finite difference equations and solved on the computer.
The values of Rayliegh number (Ra) are varied from 103 to 106 and the value of radius ratio is 0.5. The results show that
the transition from single-eddy pattern to the double-eddy pattern appears to occur at Ra between 105 and 106. Large
temperature gradients and higher local Nusselt number attain at the bottom except at vertical position in which the
angular variation of the Nusselt number remains constant because of symmetry about vertical axis.
Keywords: Heat Transfer, Combined (Mixed) Convection, Concentric Annulus.
Title: Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled With Solar Water Heater for
Dehumidification of Indoor Air
Author(s): A S Alosaimy
Pages: 60-68 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 1312001-6767-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 700 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: In the present work, novel configuration of solar powered desiccant dehumidification system is investigated. The
proposed system comprises two evaporative air coolers. One of the two coolers functions as an absorber and the second, which
is coupled with solar water heater, functions as a desiccant regenerator. In the experimental part of this investigation, Calcium
Chloride is regenerated using solar energy. Hot water from a solar collector is circulated through an air heater to regenerate the
liquid desiccant. Mathematical model, which can be applied for analysis of the proposed system, is developed. Absorption-
regeneration cycle for the dehumidifier is described and analyzed. An expression for the efficiency of the simple cycle is
introduced. Theoretical analysis shows that strong and weak solution concentration limits play a decisive role in the value of
cycle efficiency. System efficiency with consideration of heat and work added to the system is well defined. The limits of
regeneration temperature and mass of strong solution per kg of produced vapor are found highly dependent on the operating
concentration of desiccant. Experimental results show that solution with 30% concentration can be regenerated up to 50% using
solar energy. Good agreement is found between the trained data of the ANN model and the experimental measurements for the
whole range of the air inlet temperature.
Keywords: Desiccant; humidification; absorption; air conditioning; Calcium chloride
Title: Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance and Overall Equipment
Effectiveness Evaluation
Author(s): Islam H. Afefy
Pages: 69-75 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 1311101-7474-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 266 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: Global performance evaluation is the most important in the field of continuous improving of the production
process. Overall Equipment Effectiveness is one of the performance evaluation methods that are most common and
popular in the production industries. This paper focuses on a study of total productive maintenance and evaluating
overall equipment effectiveness. The calculation of the overall equipment effectiveness in Salt Company (Emisal) in
Egypt is carried out. The big six losses in any industry (quality, availability and speed) are also presented. The data
were collected through reviewing the technical documents available in Emisal Company.
As a result, the Company achieved about 93% in average quality rate of overall equipment effectiveness equation and
about 87% in availability in October 2012 where in average performance efficiency in October 2012 it achieved about
87.5 %. The comparison between the world class standard and company results is carried out and the company is not
achieved the world class availability, performance efficiency, quality rate and overall equipment effectiveness.
Based on these results, global maintenance management, and production planning were suggested to improve their
maintenance procedures and improve the productivity. Also, the company needs to work hard to improve their
inspection system start from the raw materials inventory to the work in process finished with finish goods inventory.
Keywords: Total Productive Maintenance, Performance Efficiency, Quality Rate.
Title: Climate Change and Price of Environmental Cost Of Combustion Syste
Author(s): Ir. SUHARTO,
Pages: 76-79 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 135101-6464-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 260 KB
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Abstract: In the system scheme, climate change as a product of globalization of processing system. Because, not less than
595.106 ton dayly carbon diokxide flow out to atmospheric media. In the other side, the’re degradation rate of Indonesian forest
area not less than ten years end, because inefficientcy democration, collution, and corruption. Now a days, climate change as a
desease without the solution do !. climate change solution strategy not proportion discuss about “the have” and “the have not”
country. But, the proportional load of carbon dioxide flow out to atmospheric media; operationally, daily cost perhorse power of
combustion engines and other processes by persons. In this case the’re and must as an environmental tax, special on climate
change anticipation strategy. This researched methode, by, a combine of refference survey, field, combustion laboratory and
experimental researched, mathemathical analysis, system modelling, and statistician analysis system.
Keywords: Combustion tax, controller element of a new globalic system
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4771 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Chemical Composition of Reinforcing Steel Bars in the Nigerian Construction
Industry
Author(s): JIBRIN, M. U. , EJEH, S. P.
Pages: 01-07 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 1216606-1301-3838-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |558 KB
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Abstract: Chemical concentration and percentage composition of reinforcing steel in the Nigerian
Construction Industry were studied to ascertain their chemical properties. A total of 14 companies supplied
nineteen samples that were used for the tests. An analar was used to form the stock solution which was
applied to determine the chemical concentrations of the samples in milligram per litre. In the case of the
percentage chemical composition, the XRF Spectrometer was used to take direct readings. While the former
method identified only 13 elements, the later method was able to identify twenty seven elements. Most of the
bars showed conspicuous absence of vital alloying minerals such as Molybdenum, Vanadium, etc that have
been indicated by BS4449(1997) as strength and coefficient of weldability determinants. For example, under
the percentage composition, Magnesium appeared in all the 19 samples, Nickel appeared in 16 out of the 19
samples, while Vanadium appeared in only 3 out of the 19 samples. The presence of some elements such as
Silicon and Phosphorus that are considered impurities coupled with the possible lack of Nitrogen control
during production seem to have impacted negatively on the strength and deformation characteristics of the
bars.
Keywords: Analar, Stock Solution, Chemical Concentration, Percentage Composition, XRF
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Overview of Membranes Technologies for Remediating Brackish Water
Author(s): Naglaa Eid
Pages: 08-12 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 131401-4646-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |255 KB
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Abstract: The shortage of drinking water is a major problem in the arid regions. In these regions,
precipitations are insufficient to meet the demand for water and it is, therefore, necessary to resort to
underground resources. In recent times, many of these aquifers have been over exploited and suffer serious
problems of saline contamination. Groundwater aquifers are major sources of water in most of the Middle
East countries. As such, seeking the best and optimal techniques in remediating brackish water becomes a
necessary and critical target for these countries. Most of the desalination technologies rely on either
distillation or membranes to separate salts from the product water. However, Membrane processes are
currently the fastest-growing techniques. Ultimately, the selection of a desalination process depends on site
specific conditions, including the salt content of the water, economics, and quality of water needed by the
end user, and the local engineering experience and skills. This paper evaluates various membrane
technologies adapted to improve the quality of brackish water and to make it suitable for different human
uses. The presentation includes describing those technologies and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and other implications associated with their current applications.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Sensitivity Analysis of Stability and Behavior of Inhomogeneous Concrete Columns
Based on Design Codes
Author(s): L. Shahsavar, Vahid, Tofighi, Samira
Pages: 13-23 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 123001-7575-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |1,021 KB
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Abstract: After earthquakes it becomes very visible what types of building construction have withstood the
forces of the earthquake and which did not perform adequately. Analyzing the nearly collapsed and broken
structures gives a good insight in the possible architectural and engineering design mistakes, faults in the
detailing and the mismanagement of the construction by the building contractors. Stability calculations are
critical in structural design can cause significant damage to structural column members. In discussing the
stability of structural systems, the goal is the investigation of the equilibrium condition from the point view
of stability and instability and determines the conditions which make the system unstable. The stability is
considered for relatively thin columns with small cross section area like steel sections and is rarely
discussed in usual problems of structural engineering related to reinforced concrete sections and is
propounded in special structures. Concrete is a non-homogeneous and anisotropic material. Modeling the
mechanical behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) is still one of the most difficult challenges in the field of
structural engineering. There are some factors which cause the mechanical factors of concrete in right
dimension are not uniform and isotropic in high columns. These factors effect on concrete elasticity
modulus, Poisson coefficient and regular relations of columns critical load. In this research, sensitivity
analysis of critical load or stability of inhomogeneous orthotropic reinforced concrete columns based on
various design codes has been investigated. Due to the numerous outputs obtained, software package have
been written in Matlab and analysis on data and drawing related charts have been done.
Keywords: Concrete Columns, Elastic & Inelastic Stability, Inhomogeneous, Sensitivity Analysis.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: An Experimental Study of Local Scour Around Circular Bridge Pier in Sand Soil
Author(s): Ibrahim H. Elsebaie
Pages: 23-28 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 134901-2525-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |519 KB
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Abstract: Study of sour bridge piers is extremely important for the safe design of the piers and other
hydraulic structures. An experimental investigation of local scour around circular bridge piers in sand is
presented. The principal objective of this study is to carry out a much longer duration Tests to evaluate the
time development of the local scour at cylindrical pier in addition to the evaluation of the effectiveness of a
pier shape and different flow rates on the depth of local scour.
This study describes the variation of scour depths that may occur at bridge piers. There has been a difficulty
in estimation of accurate scour depth, which includes similitude aspects of laboratory experiments on scour
at bridge piers, complicate the development of reliable scour-estimation relationships. In a practical sense,
the difficulties imply that estimation relationship can only be of approximate accuracy. Experimental
investigations have been studied to examine the maximum depth of scour and its pattern along longitudinal
as well as in transverse directions.
It was found that the scour depth increases with time. In addition, the maximum depth of scour is dependent
on both time as well as flow rate, it was noticed that maximum depth of scour was increasing with increase
of flow and time as well. However results presented here are encouraging and are very much in the
agreement with the previous studies related to scour at bridge piers.
Keywords: Bridge pier, Scour, Time dependence, Equilibrium scour depth, Sediment transport.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Spectral Representation In Pacitan and Meulaboh Coast
Author(s): Setiyawan, Hangtuah Salim, Ricky Lukman T., Safwan Hadi, Iwan K. Hadihardaja
Pages: 29-34 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 135201-4747-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |752 KB
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Abstract: India ocean in optimation theoretical wave spectrum only wide spectrum and peak frequency
equalized but peak energi not yet equalized hence in this research will equalize wide spectrum, peak
frequency and peak energi for indonesia ocean that is Pacitan coast and Meulaboh coast. About 12 mounth
measured wave spectra from the Pacitan Coast and 2 month from the Meulaboh Coast, were analyzed so as
to determine the frequency of occurrence of peaked spectra in sea states of different intensity. This type of
spectrum did not occur so often close to coast and in high sea states. A four-parameter theoretical
formulation was proposed to represent peaked spectra and was shown to provide an excellent fit to
measured spectra. The average values of the spectral parameters describing the two peaks did not show any
clear dependence on significant wave height. The mathematical spectrum models are generally based on
one or more parameters, e.g., significant wave height, wave period, shape factors, etc. The most common
single-parameter spectrum is the Pierson-Moskowitz model based on the significant wave height or wind
speed. There are several two-parameter spectra available. Some of these which are commonly used are
Bretschneider, Scott, ISSC and ITTC. JONSWAP spectrum is a five-parameter spectrum, but usually three or
the parameters are held constant. Qualitative as well as quantitative comparisons of the optimation-yielded
spectra with target spectra indicated that the developed optimation could model the wave spectral shapes in
a better way than commonly used theoretical spectra.
Keywords: Pacitan Coast; Meulaboh Coast; Peaked spectra; Scott spectra; Significant wave height; Spectral
energy.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Risk Modeling of Public Private Partnerships for Settlement Infrastructure
Development in Jakarta
Author(s): Fitri Suryani, Tommy Ilyas, Suyono Dikun, and Suparti A. Salim
Pages: 35-40 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 139701-1818-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |246 KB
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Abstract: Settlements included in national priorities, but has not been included in the projects offered in the
PPP Book, although very large housing needs of 5.8 million units. This caused one of them is a low
investment value. Given the importance of housing needs in urban development, the PPP can be done in the
area with the help of technical assistant by the central government.
This study discusses the problems of any obstacles or things that both encourage rejuvenation of an area
that suffered a setback function (decaying urban) in order to be returned to the original function or even
enhanced function to the ideal with the main supporting infrastructure such as housing, transportation,
energy availability, as well as distribution of clean water which will strengthen the city to operate the
function that consists of 5 pillars, namely: community service centers, trade and distribution center, financial
center, the center of tourism-related community development. Articulation between the major stakeholders
such as: government, private, and community become the main concern in this research, including in
determining the appropriate financing schemes.
Keywords: Public private partnerships, setlements, infrastructure, and articulation.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Preaching to the Perverted (Spaces); Perversion in Architecture -
as an Art of Spatial Design Author(s): M.Cetin
Pages: 41-50 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 132101-9898-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 1,643 KB
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Abstract: Considering architecture as a spatial art, the paper examines the nature of ongoing change in the design of
architectural spaces, in accordance with the profound conversion in the nature of social existence on Earth. The study aims
to tackle the issue mainly from a morphological standpoint with cross-references to sociological dimension of space.
Recently, some started to believe that virtues of modernity were not capable of coping with the emerging diversity and
complexity brought by new bodies, who were gradually introduced into the urban scene through democratisation. Therefore,
the de(con)struction of the canons of the modernism was the only solution in order to achieve a new phase in the material
evolution of humankind. Spatial reflection of such an ongoing social transformation, that is to say, a major shift from „an ideal
society centrally controlled by corporate groups‟ to a much more pragmatic one with „flexibility of control systems‟ is of prime
concern in this study. In other words, a paradigm shift from „rational and sensible‟ state to a „chaotic, yet, perverse‟ state of
human condition, in the name of freedom, is central to the discussion of the evolution of space design. In brief, newly
emerging social and corresponding spatial phenomena seem to have took over, our cultural landscape via guerrilla war
tactics, and was supported by scholars, who advocated the „death of architecture‟ for the sake of proliferation of low culture.
Albeit, an initiative with good intentions of integrating all parties of the community, turned out to be working against the sense
of community. Hence, the very same issues of social concerns seem to have shifted from socialist rhetoric towards the hands
of a more capitalist rhetoric. Therefore, the new power and her weapons should be disguised in a seducing new skin... Fluid
architecture of late 90‟s was the ideal new mediatic solution... In result, values characterised by grace, coherence, consensus,
durability, order, have been replaced by pride, unquestioned wealth, corruption, falsification, distortion, humour, irony,
nihilism, and „in-your-face-attitude‟ of the new generation of citizens. Masochistic experience of contemporary urban life,
grotesque images of environment, the parasitic and violent character of architecture, yet seductive outlook of their figures
have fascinated the minds of the new (yet perverted) urban population. Hence, a fluid, vague, indeterminate archi-tectonic
language was becoming politically correct decor for a rapidly eroding society. In fact, this new architecture should be
evaluated within the web of concepts like otherness, utopia, fantasy, media, Post-Modern popular culture, consumption,
marketability, pluralism, as well as the shift in the conception of “reality and simulation”.--------
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.7666 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers
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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Developing an Algorithm to Process Matching of Complex Aerial Images
Author(s): Khalid M. Alrajeh , Tamer A. Alzohairy
Pages: 01-06 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 131101-6464-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 928 KB
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Abstract: Matching of digital images problem is a crucial step in many image analysis applications. This
paper investigates this problem and proposes a method to solve it. The proposed method is implemented
and applied on real complex aerial images. The proposed method is based on two main stages. In the first
stage, the edge elements are determined locally and then aggregated globally into better defined lines called
straight-line segments. Based on the descriptions of these segments, matching is performed between them
to estimate the transformation coefficients between the images. In the second stage, points of interests
which have high variance are selected automatically and then their corresponding points are determined in
the other image. The proposed algorithm shows excellent result when applied and tested on real urban
complex images. K. M. Alrajeh is with the Computer Science Department, Riyadh Community College, King Saud
University, Malaz, P. O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: [email protected]).
T. A. Alzohairy is with the Computer Science Department, Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Malaz,
P. O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia. On leave from Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City (11884), Cairo, Egypt (e-mail: [email protected]).
Keywords: Aerial digital images, Area-based approach, Digital image matching, Feature-based approach.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Robust and Fast Ellipsoid Fitting from Noisy Image: Computer solution for fitting
Tumours on MRI Scanner
Author(s): A. Cherkaoui, H. Qjida
Pages: 07-14 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 133901-8585-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |4,449 KB
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Abstract: Through this paper we mention a new cogent method for 3D fitting ellipsoid and conic from
scattered data, damaged by noise and outliers. This 3D statistical approach fitting builds on 3D Zernike
moments. We prefer to estimate the probability density function p.d.f with the Zernike moment theory
overseen by maximum entropy principle MEP. The purposed algorithm was successfully used in simulated
noisy 3D conic forms images and 3D fitting a tumor for magnetic resonance imaging MRI. A deeper analysis
of 3D fitting process is demonstrated to show its rapidness as well as its superior performance related noise
immunity .
Keywords: Ellipsoid fitting, 3D conic fitting, MEP, p.d.f, Invariant Zernike moments, MRI, Noise immunity.
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Study of Face Recognition Using Statistical Analysis
Author(s): Kateřina Sulovská, Silvie Bělašková, Milan Adámek
Pages: 15-20 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 138601-7575-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 337 KB
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Abstract: This paper deals with the analytical-statistical method for the face recognition. Although the bases of the
face recognition are known by researchers worldwide, the statistical tests of data obtained by measuring chosen
anthropometrical points can be found in several articles. Our aim is to show how the data act during the various
emotions of one face, which will be helpful for deeper knowledge of how the face behaves. The focus is also aimed at
study of aging. The data were tested in the STATISTICA software using e.g. the ANOVA, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the k-
Means clustering and the t-test. Acquired results reflect the difficulty of describing the face and the applicability of
combination of different recognition methods (e.g. methods based on neural networks, recognition of facial contours,
distribution of the gray scale in the image, deformation models) to get the best results in the verification/identification
of a human.
Keywords: Pattern recognition, face recognition, statistical methods, biometrics
Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)
Title: Automatic Detection of Human Body Parts Especially Human Hands Considering
Gamma Correction and Template Matching on Noisy Images
Author(s): T. M. Shahriar Sazzad, Sabrin Islam
Pages: 21-24 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 139401-2727-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 227 KB
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Abstract: Automatic object detection is one of the challenging tasks in the areas of image processing. We
have proposed an automatic object detection approach for human hands. Our proposed approach is more
efficient in compare to other existing approaches and faster as well.
Keywords: Gamma correction, Binary image, Log function, Template matching, automatic detection.
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences
IJENS Vol: 13 Issue 01
February 2013
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Contact: [email protected] [email protected] www.ijens.org
International Journals of Engineering & Sciences