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International Conference and Exhibition on Logistics and Supply Chain
22 Nov 2011, Lahore (Pakistan)
Mr. Max EE
Principal Consultant
Trade Logistics in Central Asia
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1. Introduction of CAREC
2. CAREC Member Countries
3. CAREC Corridors
4. Implications for Pakistan
Contents
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The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation, or CAREC, Program is a partnership of 10 countries, supported by 6 multilateral institutions, working together to promote development through cooperation, leading to accelerated growth and poverty reduction.
CAREC’s 6 multilateral partners are:Asian Development Bank (ADB)European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)International Monetary Fund (IMF)Islamic Development Bank (IsDB)United Nations Development ProgrammeWorld Bank
Priority areasCAREC helps Central Asia and its neighbors realize their significant potential by promoting regional cooperation in four priority areas:• Transport• Trade Facilitation• Trade Policy• Energy
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CAREC and PIFFA
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Corridor Performance Measurement and Monitoring (CPMM)
A regional study on the time and cost for cargo transportation in Central Asia.
Objectives• To estimate the time and cost of goods movement in Central Asia
• To identify the bottlenecks in transport corridors
• To promote regional cross border trade and transport
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CPMM Data Collection
PIFFADrivers CAREC Questions?
Yes
No
Accept Data
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Transport to border
Wait at border crossing/change transport mode
Transport to sea port
Wait at sea port
Sea transportDay 4
Tim
e
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
$400
Cost
$300
$200
$100
500 km 1000 km 2000 km1500 kmDistance
Time/Cost – Distance Analysis
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Central Asia – Micro View
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Central Asia – Macro View
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CAREC Member Countries
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Azerbaijan
Kyrgyz Republic
China
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Kazakhstan
Mongolia
Pakistan
Tajikistan
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Key Indicators
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Population (millions)
Real GDP (Billions, USD)
GDP Per Capita
Read GDP % Growth
Afghanistan 34.38 $11.75 $341.77 3.40%Azebaijan 9.04 $51.09 $5,651.55 5.00%China 1,338.00 $5,878.00 $4,393.12 10.30%Kazakhstan 16.31 $142.98 $8,766.40 7.00%Kyrgyz Republic
5.36 $4.61 $860.07 -1.40%
Mongolia 2.75 $6.08 $2,210.91 6.10%Pakistan 173.59 $174.80 $1,006.97 4.40%Tajikistan 6.87 $5.64 $820.96 3.80%Turkmenistan 5.04 $21.07 $4,180.56 8.10%Uzbekistan 28.16 $38.98 $1,384.23 8.50%
Source : ADB, World Bank, IMF
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Key Indicators
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Source : ADB, World Bank, IMF
Export (Billions, USD)
Import (Billions, USD)
Ease of Doing Business
Afghanistan $0.40 $3.33 167Azebaijan $14.68 $6.11 54China $1,201.00 $1,066.00 79Kazakhstan $43.19 $28.40 59Kyrgyz Republic $1.17 $2.97 44Mongolia $1.67 $2.41 73Pakistan $17.55 $31.58 83Tajikistan $0.90 $2.56 139Turkmenistan $2.15 $5.22 N.A.Uzbekistan $5.34 $8.07 150
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Trading Across Border
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Export ImportCountries Documents Time (Days) Cost (USD) Documents Time (Days) Cost (USD)Afghanistan 10 74 $3,545 10 77 $3,830Azebaijan 8 38 $2,905 10 42 $3,405China 8 21 $500 5 24 $545Kazakhstan 9 76 $3,130 12 62 $3,290Kyrgyz Republic
8 63 $3,210 9 72 $3,450
Mongolia 8 46 $2,265 8 47 $2,400Pakistan 7 21 $660 8 18 $705Tajikistan 11 82 $3,850 9 83 $4,550Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 10 71 $3,150 11 92 $4,650
Source : Doing Business 2012, World Bank
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1. Western Europe-Western China Corridor
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1. Steel products, coal and sulphur are some products commonly exported to the south (CIS) and east (PRC) of
Kazakhstan.
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2. East-West Corridor
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3. North-South Corridor
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4. Trans-Mongolian Corridor
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Road Transport
336 km
736 km
4. Common items transported are cosmetics, food, medicine, and spare parts.
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Rail TransportTransit : 1,100 km, $2810, 12-14 daysRoute : Naushki-Sukhbaatar-Tolgoit-
Zamyn Uud – Erlian- TianjinProducts : Wood/Timber
Carriage : 60-70 tons using rail wagons
Import : 1,700 km, $3670, 10-14 daysRoute : Tianjin-Erlian-Zamyn Uud-UBProducts : Manufactured Goods, Food
Carriage : 20” or 40” Containers
Export: 1,700 km, $2231, 10-14 daysRoute : UB-Zamyn Uud – Erlian- TianjinProducts : Minerals, Cashmere, Copper
CathodesCarriage : 20” or 40” Containers
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5. Southern Corridor
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1. VOC is very high in TAJ. For a distance of 600-700km, the VOC is $2,000.
2. In AFG, NATO can sometimes stop traffic
causing delays.
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6. Northwest Corridor
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1. In AFG, the most heavily used route is Hayratan-Kabul-Torkham. Traffic is both ways.
The distance spans 600-700km, costs $2,500 and takes 1-2
days.
2. In the Hayratan-Kabul-Torkham route, common item is
scrap iron. In the opposite direction, the common item carried is perishables(food).
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Results of CPMM Study
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Common Products Shipped Across Central Asia
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Results of CPMM Study
25Corridors Corridors
Comparisons of Speed by Corridors
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Results of CPMM Study
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Comparisons of Speed vs Reliability
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Implications for Pakistan
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TransportInvestment
Logistics Terminals Sectors
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1. Transport
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1. Most CAREC member countries are land-locked and do not access to seaports.
2. Can Pakistan serve as a transit country for Central Asia?
3. What Pakistan need to provide, invest and improve to attract more goods flowing through the country?
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2. Logistics Terminals
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1. Where are the bottlenecks in Pakistan transport corridors?
2. Can the construction of new logistics terminals and facilities relieve the bottlenecks?
3. Can one-stop service (single window) for customs clearance be achieved at border crossing points?
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3. Investment
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1. There are many investment opportunities now in Central Asia.
2. Examples : Multi-modal logistics terminals, railways rolling stocks, special economic zones (SEZs).
3. How can Pakistan private companies capture this historical opportunity?
4. Can Public-Private Partnership (PPP) be the way forward?
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4. Sectors
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1. Attractive Investment / Collaboration areas include :
• Agricultural• Mining • Real Estate• Retail• Consumer Goods• Security Services• Hospitality / Entertainment• Trading (Import / Export)• Transport / Freight Forwarding
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Thank You!
Max EeSupply Chain ConsultantSCM Analytics Pte LtdContact : +65 8138 8700Email: [email protected]