INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (COMM 2050)
INTERCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN CLOSE
FRIENDSHIP MAINTENANCE ON FACEBOOK
Kaiyisah Nurulsyakur Binti Yusof (1216428)Lily Syazlinda Binti Johari (1326380)
Mohamad Khalid Bin Yusoff (1313253)Nurul Suraya Binti Ariffin (1318510)Yasmin Binti Abdul Rahim (1318830)
Lecturer : Dr. Tengku Aisha Binti Tengku Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen
Section: 2
INTRODUCTION•In this modern era, people tend to use technology in dealing with their work, especially university students who use social media like Facebook in their daily life.•Facebook is useful to everyone in term of
communication field.•Give awareness to society about the
benefits of Facebook in maintaining relationship among multicultural communities.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To know strategies used by the IIUM students in maintaining their relationship with the person they close through Facebook.
To study the relationship between culture and relationship maintenance through Facebook.
To investigate the significance between genders in maintaining the relationship through Facebook.
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY: PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
QUANTITATIVE
METHODSURVEY METHOD
ALL AREAS IN IIUM
CAMPUSWITHIN 15 MINUTES
METHODOLOGY: PARTICIPANTS30 RESPONDENTS (IIUM STUDENTS)
15 MALAYSIANS
15 NON- MALAYSIANS
NATIONALITY
15 MALES
15 FEMALES
GENDER
METHODOLOGY: MATERIALQuestionnaire on Intercultural Differences In Close Friendship Maintenance On Facebook adapted and revised from Oswald, Clark and Kelly (2004) and Vitak (2012).
Open ended and close ended questions.
The survey instrument has 2 sections; demographics and strategies in maintaining respondent relationship with the person they close through Facebook.
METHODOLOGY: DATA ANALYSIS
SPSS Software 22
Descriptive Statistic method
Mean and Independent T-Test
LITERATURE REVIEW
(Dainton,M 2003)
(Houser, Fleuriet, and Estrada 2012)
• The widespread of Facebook era has influenced interpersonal and online relationship especially among college students.
• He added two more elements that measure maintenance relationship strategy to advice and integrative conflict management.
• Inductive approach might be needed more if users utilize Facebook for maintenance relationship purposes.
LITERATURE REVIEW
(Blease,C,R, 2015)
(Madge, Meek, Wellens and Hooley, 2009)
• Facebook allows people to share thought, to make online group, and to achieve purpose of using it
• Facebook can be a medium for female and male for educational and work purposes.
• Students join Facebook for making new friend at university and keep in touch with friend and family.
• Facebook can be a tool for educational purpose.
FINDINGS
DEMOGRAPHIC : GENDER
50%50%
MALEFEMALE
DEMOGRAPHIC : NATIONALITY
50%50%
MALAYSIANNON- MALAYSIAN
DEMOGRAPHIC: NATIONALITY
Malaysi
an
Bang
ladesh
i
Brune
ain
Chinese
Indon
esian
Singa
porea
n
Somali
an
Sri La
nkan
Suda
nese
Syria
n
Thail
andi
0%10%20%30%40%50%60% 50%
7% 3% 3%13%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 7%
DEMOGRAPHIC: AGE(MEAN = 21.20 , SD = 1.49)
3% 10%10%
43%
17%
10% 3% 3%AGE
1819202122232425
DEMOGRAPHIC: YEAR OF STUDY
23%
57%
17%
3%
FIRST YEARSECOND YEARTHIRD YEARFOURTH YEAR
DEMOGRAPHIC: KULIYYAH
63%
17%
10% 7% 3%
KIRKHSKOEKEMNSAIKOLKOED
RQ1: What is the strategies
used by the IIUM students in maintaining their relationship with the
person they close through Facebook?
TABLE 1-STRATEGIES USED IN MAINTAINING THEIR RELATIONSHIP THROUGH FACEBOOK
POSS
ITIVIT
Y
SUPPO
RTIVEN
ESS
OPENNES
S
INTERAC
TION PL
ANNING
SOCIAL
INFO
SEEK
ING
PASS
IVE BR
OWSING
01234 3.38 3.58
3.07 3.24 3.15 3.25
0.71 0.99 0.661.45
0.8 0.78
MEANSD
STRATEGIES USED IN MAINTAINING THEIR RELATIONSHIP THROUGH FACEBOOK
• From Table 1, it shows that the respondents used supportiveness as their highest strategy in maintaining their relationship with the person they close through Facebook with the highest mean (M=3.5800, SD=0.99009). • Meanwhile the lowest strategy used in maintaining their
relationship with the person they are close through Facebook is openness with the mean (M=3.0733, SD=0.66121).
RQ2: What is the
relationship between culture and relationship maintenance
through Facebook?
TABLE 2- NATIONALITYStrategies Categories Mean SD t Sig (2-
taled)Positivity Malaysian 3.3467 .78364 -.254 .801
Non-Malaysian 3.4133 .64793 -.254Supportiveness Malaysian 3.6667 1.14059 .473 .640
Non-Malaysian 3.4933 .84470 .473Openness Malaysian 3.1200 .70427 .381 .706
Non-Malaysian 3.0267 .63636 .381Interaction Planning Malaysian 3.0667 1.04106 -.672 .508
Non-Malaysian 3.4267 1.79343 -.672Social Information
SeekingMalaysian 3.1200 .89059 -.179 .859
Non-Malaysian 3.1733 .73238 -.179Passive Browsing Malaysian 3.1333 .90567 -.815 .423
Non-Malaysian 3.3667 .63994-.815
• For Malaysian, Supportiveness the highest number of mean (M=3.6667, SD=1.14059). While the lowest number of mean is Interaction Planning (M= 3.0667, SD=1.04106). • For non- Malaysian, Supportiveness the highest number of
mean (M=3.4933, SD=.84470). While the lowest number of mean is Openness (M=3.0267, SD=.63636). • The highest number of t-test for both nationalities is
Supportiveness with .473. Meanwhile, the lowest is passive browsing with -.815. • Based on the table 2, there is no significance nationality
difference in all strategies.
RQ3: Is there any
significance between genders in maintaining
the relationship through Facebook?
TABLE 3- GENDERStrategies Categories Mean SD t Sig(2-
tailed)
PositivityMale 3.6000 .75593 1.765
0.089Female 3.1600 .60095 1.765
SupportivenessMale 3.9733 .98232 2.337
0.027Female 3.1867 .85679 2.337
OpennessMale 3.1067 .52843 .272
0.788Female 3.0400 .78994 .272Interaction Planning Male 3.8400 1.7074
6 2.417 0.025Female 2.6533 .83655 2.417
Social Information Seeking
Male 3.1733 .68813 .179 0.859Female 3.1200 .92520 .179
Passive Browsing
Male 3.4000 .71214 1.056 0.300Female 3.1000 .83879 1.056
• For male, the highest number of mean is Supportiveness (M=3.9733, SD=.98232). It has the lowest number of mean in social information seeking (M=3.1067, SD=.52843). • For female, the highest number of mean is Supportiveness
(M=3.1867, SD=.85679). It has lowest number of mean in interaction planning (M=2.6533, SD=.83655). • The highest number of t-test is interaction planning for both
genders with 2.417. • Meanwhile, the lowest number of t-test is .179 for both genders is
Social Information Seeking. • Thus, based on the table 3, there are significance gender
differences in term of supportiveness and interaction planning which are 0.027 and 0.025 respectively.
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION (1): STRATEGY
•Based on our study, the most strategy that has been used in maintaining relationship for both Malaysians and non- Malaysians with the person they close through Facebook is the Supportiveness.
DISCUSSION (2): NATIONALITY•The study shown there is no significance for nationality difference in terms of positivity, supportiveness, openness, interaction planning, social information seeking and passive browsing.
DISCUSSION (3): GENDER (MEAN)
Male
Highest:Supportive-ness
Lowest:Social
information seeking
Female
Highest:Supportive
-ness
Lowest:Interaction Planning
DISCUSSION (3): GENDER
• Highest: Interaction Planning
• Lowest: OpennessT-
Test
DISCUSSION (3): GENDER
•Both genders prefer to use Facebook for supportiveness rather than others.
CONCLUSION
• Facebook helps in friendship maintenance especially towards both genders.•When people use Facebook, they tend to use several
strategies in order to maintain their relationship.• Therefore, Facebook play an important role in people
life especially in dealing and maintaining their relationship.
THANK YOU