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Intercomparisons of AIRS and Intercomparisons of AIRS and NAST retrievals with Dropsondes NAST retrievals with Dropsondes
During P-TOSTDuring P-TOST(Pacific Thorpex Observational System Test) (Pacific Thorpex Observational System Test)
NASA ER-2
NOAA G-IVDropsonde
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Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) NAST-I/AIRS Regression RetrievalNAST-I/AIRS Regression Retrieval
nc
1jjiji ERC
PKCK1
1smni
n
imi
τ*Bτ)ε-(1τBτBεR0
,P
,,
,P
P
,,, ddcs
cscs
cs
ac
cscscs
R = radiance
s,c = surface or cloud emissivityBs,c = surface or cloud Planck radiance = transmittance between aircraft and …..atmospheric Pressure level (P)
S,c=atmospheric transmittance between ……aircraft and surface or cloud (PS,c)
* = atmospheric transmittance between ……surface or cloud P and aircraftPac = aircraft pressure, Ps = surface pressure = radiance E = radiance covariance EOFsC = radiance EOF amplitudesT = temperatureQ = H2O mixing ratioK = regression coefficients
• Physical Regression – EOFs and regression training based on calculated radiances
• Training includes cloud, sfc. emissivity, skin temp, and solar variability effects
• Null radiance errors assumed for PC specification and regression training
• EOF # selected by spatial radiance RMSD (observed minus retrieval) minimization
Ts,s() ,T(p),Q(p)
RetrievalSolution
Radiance EOFAmplitudes
For clear sky and opaque cloud:
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NAST-I and AIRS Spectra and Retrieval ChannelsNAST-I and AIRS Spectra and Retrieval Channels
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Aqua Overpass Flight (March 3, 2003)Aqua Overpass Flight (March 3, 2003)
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AIRS NAST
AIRS and NAST Date Used for IntercomparisonAIRS and NAST Date Used for Intercomparison
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Some Differences in fine scale structure but spatial average is in good agreement
Retrieval ComparisonsRetrieval Comparisons (Full Resolution AIRS vs NAST)(Full Resolution AIRS vs NAST)
NAST
Dropsonde
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3 x 3 AIRS Average Vs NAST & Dropsonde Cross-sections3 x 3 AIRS Average Vs NAST & Dropsonde Cross-sections
@ AIRS resolution
Dropsonde
Dropsonde
Dropsonde
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
150 km
3 x 3 Average
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3 x 3 AIRS Average Vs NAST & Dropsonde Cross-sections3 x 3 AIRS Average Vs NAST & Dropsonde Cross-sections
@ AIRS resolution
Dropsonde
Dropsonde
Dropsonde
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
150 km
3 x 3 Average
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
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Aqua Overpass Flight (March 11/12, 2003)Aqua Overpass Flight (March 11/12, 2003)
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Surface/Cloud Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)Surface/Cloud Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)
AIRS NAST
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Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)
NAST
Dropsonde
Cloud top
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Temperature Deviation (March 11/12, 2003)Temperature Deviation (March 11/12, 2003)
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Temperature Deviation (March 11/12, 2003)Temperature Deviation (March 11/12, 2003)
Clouds
Clouds
Clouds
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
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Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
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Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Clouds
Clouds
Clouds
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Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)Temperature (March 11/12, 2003)
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Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)Relative Humidity (March 11/12, 2003)
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Aqua Overpass Flight (March 12/13, 2003)Aqua Overpass Flight (March 12/13, 2003)
AQUATrack
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AIRS and Dropsonde Data Used for IntercomparisonAIRS and Dropsonde Data Used for Intercomparison
Su
rface/ Ef fect ive C
loud T
emp era tu
re (K)
AIRS Soundings Used for Cross-section
DropsondeLocations
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Retrieval ComparisonsRetrieval Comparisons (Deviation from the Mean)(Deviation from the Mean)
1500 km
Dropsonde Mean
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Retrieval ComparisonsRetrieval Comparisons (Deviation from the Mean)(Deviation from the Mean)
1500 km
Dropsonde Mean
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
Above NOAA G-IV Altitude
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Retrieval ComparisonsRetrieval Comparisons (Deviation from the Mean)(Deviation from the Mean)
G-4
G-4
1500 km
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Summary and Future Validation OpportunitiesSummary and Future Validation Opportunities
•Aqua satellite AIRS and aircraft NAST-I Aqua satellite AIRS and aircraft NAST-I thermodynamic profiles agree well with each other thermodynamic profiles agree well with each other and with in-situ dropsonde measurements. The and with in-situ dropsonde measurements. The vertical resolution of AIRS appear to be as vertical resolution of AIRS appear to be as advertised advertised (i.e., 1-3 km, depending upon altitude).(i.e., 1-3 km, depending upon altitude).
• Next AIRS NAST/SHIS/MAS/CPL/Dropsonde Next AIRS NAST/SHIS/MAS/CPL/Dropsonde validation opportunity is Atlantic Thorpex validation opportunity is Atlantic Thorpex Observational Systems Test (ATOST)- Observational Systems Test (ATOST)- 15 15 Nov. – 15 Dec. 2002 (Bangor, MA)Nov. – 15 Dec. 2002 (Bangor, MA)
• July 2004 Opportunity: Multi-agency chemistry and July 2004 Opportunity: Multi-agency chemistry and
air quality measurement program (NE US)air quality measurement program (NE US)