![Page 1: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission
Marcus WinterKlaus Petermann
Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
Dario Setti
http://www.marcuswinter.de/publications/ecoc2009
![Page 2: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
cross-phase modulation (XPM)and
cross-polarization modulation (XPolM)
![Page 3: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
XPolM is similar to XPM
nonlinear variation of the
birefringence refractive index
proportional to sum of interfering channel
Stokes vectors powers
results in the modulation of signal
polarization phase
![Page 4: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
XPolM – where and what?
![Page 5: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
systems with large XPM impairment are affected(e.g. selective 10G 40G/100G upgrades)
fully polarized signal becomes depolarized
![Page 6: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
depolarization can be visualized on the Poincaré sphere
quantified by nonlinear DOP reduction
XPolM model exists to predict this magnitude*
* Winter et al., JLT 17 (27), p. 3739, 2009.
![Page 7: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
impairments in PolDM systems
![Page 8: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
single-polarization Tx is replaced by PolDM Tx
Rx signal processing can follow PMD changes, but not XPolM
![Page 9: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
Rx polarization misalignment generates crosstalk between PolDM subchannels
statistically, crosstalk depends only on the degree of polarization and the source amplitude
![Page 10: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
interleaving RZ-shaped symbols minimizes crosstalk amplitude at target sampling instant
even with interleaving, the crosstalk is never zero, but significantly smaller
due to signal distortions, noise, etc.
![Page 11: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
system simulations
![Page 12: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
nonlinear threshold of the NRZ interferers is reduced by 2dB due to XPolM
(1dB when interleaving is used)
10 × 10G NRZ interferers w/ 25Gbaud PolDM-RZ-QPSK probe
![Page 13: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
mean values ► individual distribution
![Page 14: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
ROSNR penalties at 4 dBm NRZ power (mean DOP = 0.961)
![Page 15: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
ROSNR penalties at 3 dBm NRZ power (mean DOP = 0.975)
![Page 16: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
ROSNR penalties at 2 dBm NRZ power (mean DOP = 0.984)
at 2 dBm, fluctuations become comparable toXPM-related spread at 4 dBm
(3 dBm when interleaving is used)
![Page 17: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
summary
![Page 18: Interchannel Nonlinearities in Polarization-Multiplexed Transmission Marcus Winter Klaus Petermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052820/551629c5550346b2068b49c2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TECHNISCHEUNIVERSITÄTBERLIN
ECOC 2009 – Tu.10.3.4
XPolM-induced depolarization leads to crosstalk between PolDM subchannels
interleaving the subchannels can significantly reduce the crosstalk penalty (but not eliminate it)
the mean nonlinear DOP reduction for 25 Gbaud PolDM-RZ-QPSK should not exceed 0.98
the resulting 10G NRZ interferer NLT penalty is up to2 dB over XPM alone