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Intelligent Tutor Systems
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Before We Start …Before We Start …
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Intelligent ???Intelligent ???
• ICAI – Intelligent Computer Aided Instructions
• Ability to solve the problems they present
• Individualization
• Tutor and not a Coach
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Components Of ITS
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ACT*ACT*
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Features of ACT*Features of ACT*
• Set of rules in which each rule represents a unit of skill
• Productions are goal directed
• Knowledge Compilation
• Limited Working Memory
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Example : SymbolizationExample : Symbolization
• Goal: Write an algebraic expression given a real world problem context
• Tutor’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge Domain knowledge General tutoring rules Content specific strategies
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To Build A Good TutorTo Build A Good Tutor
• Study what makes the domain difficult including discovering what types of errors students make
• Construct a theory of how students solve these problems
• Observe experienced human tutors to find what pedagogical knowledge content they have
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Ms. Lindquist’s ArchitectureMs. Lindquist’s Architecture
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Cognitive Student ModelCognitive Student Model
• If-Then rules on working set elements
• Buggy productions
• If the correct answer is 5g + 7(30 - g)
• Student model reports full diagnosis to Tutor Model
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Tutor ModelTutor Model
• Again implemented using production rules
• Choose the pedagogical plan for the received diagnosis
• Focusing heuristic
• Tutorial Agenda
• Tutorial Questions
• Tutorial Strategies
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Concrete Articulation StrategyConcrete Articulation Strategy
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Introduced Variable StrategyIntroduced Variable Strategy
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Explain In English StrategyExplain In English Strategy
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Principles For Design Of TutorsPrinciples For Design Of Tutors
• Represent student competence as a production set
• Communicate the goal structure underlying the problem solving
• Provide instruction in problem solving context
• Promote an abstract understanding of the problem solving knowledge
• Minimize working memory load
• Provide immediate feedback on errors
• Adjust the grain size of instruction with learning
• Facilitate successive approximations to the target skill
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Still Only A Lot Of PromisesStill Only A Lot Of Promises
• Education has not been turned upside down
• CAI still better than ICAI
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Just To Wake Everyone Up …Just To Wake Everyone Up …