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Intellectual Property – The Basics
Christine Helliwell, PhDScottish Health Innovations Ltd
25th October 2012
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Scottish Health Innovations Ltd
• Exist to facilitate the commercialisation of IP arising from NHS staff
• Publicly funded, work exclusively with NHS Scotland
• Cover all of Scotland, all therapy areas
• Activities include: – Idea evaluation – Market research – Arranging design, prototyping, manufacturing, testing– Regulatory issues– Route to market
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What is Intellectual Property (IP)?
‘The novel tangible or intangible output of any idea-generating activity’
Like any form of property, IP has an owner and, if adequately protected, can be bought, sold or licensed
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Who Owns My IP?
• Your employer
• Don’t worry! NHS Scotland has a revenue-sharing scheme, in order to encourage and reward innovation.
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Why Should IP be Protected?
Prevent copying
Give investors confidence
Conversely, you need to be careful not to infringe other people’s IP rights.
Research exemption
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PATENTSNovel inventions
COPYRIGHTLiterary, artistic works
KNOW HOWTrade secrets
DESIGN RIGHTSAesthetic features not related
to function
TRADE MARKSBadge of origin; logo,
brand name
Types of IP Protection
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Types of IP protection
Patent (technological innovation)
Design Right (aesthetics)
Copyright (software, music, pictures, etc)
Trademark (name/logo)
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Patent
• Legal document which provides the owner with the exclusive right to exploit the idea, in exchange for disclosure.– Up to 20 years– Provide technical solution to a problem– Novel (New)– Inventive (Non-obvious)– Undisclosed
• Exclusions– Discoveries, Scientific Theory, Mathematical Models,– Methods for performing mental acts or doing business– Computer software– An animal or plant variety– Methods of treatment of the human/animal by surgery or
therapy
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Patents - Novelty & Obviousness
• Most patent issues turn on the question of novelty and obviousness of inventive step.
• Novel = Nothing in the public domain
• Non-obvious = not obvious to someone ‘skilled in the art’
• “Like someone claiming ownership of the circular steering wheel”
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File application
Application published; provisional protection granted
Provisional search results published
Request substantive examination
Patent granted
UK Patent Applications: Timescales and Costs
Patents are expensive!
• UK filing fees: £230Renewal fees: £200-£600/year
• But you have to pay filing and renewal fees in every country in which you wish to have patent protection.
• This can soon run into £000’s every year.
• Patent lawyer fees are also a significant cost
18 months
6 months
12-24 months
3-4 years
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Trademark
• Logos, shapes (2D or 3D), colours, words, musical jingle, form of packaging.
• Must be capable of being represented graphically.
• Registered trade mark ®Protection is indefinite (upon payment of renewal fees). Typical renewal period is every 10 years.
• Unregistered protection ™Rights in a trade mark can be acquired through use however a reputation must be shown to exist if any legal proceedings ensue.
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Design Rights
The 2D or 3D appearance of a product; the lines, contours, colour, shape, textures or material
Does not apply to design features dictated by technical function
Registered Design • up to 25 years monopoly upon registration
Unregistered Design Right • Exists automatically for up to 15 years but not a monopoly
right
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Copyright ©
• Protects expression of ideas• Arises automatically
To ensure copyright is acknowledged, sign and date all work
DurationLiterary, Drama, Musical and Artistic Works:- Lifetime of Author +70 YearsComputer Generated Work:- 50 YearsSound Recording:- 50 YearsBroadcasts:- 50 YearsTypographical arrangement:- 25 Years
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be copied, modified, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any material form or by any means (whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise and whether or not incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © [Name of Copyright Owner, Date]
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Know How (Trade Secrets)
• Keeping trade secrets is a viable alternative to patenting in a number of cases
• Coca-Cola recipe
• No protection against a 3rd party independently generating the same invention
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Enforcement of IP Rights
• Protecting your IP does not guarantee that no-one will try to copy you.
• The onus is on the IP owner to identify and pursue infringers
• But if somebody has infringed your IP, sanctions are available
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[email protected] 383935
www.shil.co.uk
[email protected] (NHS R&D Office)
Questions?
Useful Websites
www.ipo.gov.uk (UK IP office)www.wipo.int (World IP Organisation)
www.uspto.gov (US Patent and Trademark Office)www.epo.org (European Patent Office)