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The Instructional Value of
StorytellingDr. Patricia McGee (UTSA)
Sloan-C ConferenceSan Francisco, CA
6.18.2009
STO
RIES
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Who are we?
• Educator• Technical staff• Instructional Designer• Developer• Other
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Learning across life through stories
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Personal narrative
Cultural identity
Collective consciousness
Lifelong learning
Knowledge management
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Digital Storytelling
… the practice of combining narrative with digital content, including images, sound, and video, to create a short movie, typically with a strong emotional component.
EDUCAUSE 7 things you need to know
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Digital Pedagogies
… those instructional frameworks that are used specifically within technology-mediated learning settings.• Connectivism• Gaming• Virtual/immersive • Informal learning
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Community of Practice
“… a process of social learning that occurs when people who have a common interest in some subject or problem collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice
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Storytelling as..
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How can we make sure learning
happens?
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How instruction typically gets attention
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There will be a test!
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There will be a test!
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FactsProceduresPrinciplesStrategies
Critical thinkingProblem solvingCreative thinking
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Stories in the real world tell us…
• What to do + why to do it• What is valued• Often informal yet enculturatedoMeasurement of what is knowno Indicator of what knowledge meansoConveyor of authority structure
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Story as…
scenario
problem
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Publication Model of Community
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Portfolio Model of Community
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Structure and DesignWhat works
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What we know about stories …
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7 e
lem
en
ts o
f sto
ryte
lling
The Center for Digital Storytelling
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Design Frameworks
Learner• Citizen Journalism• How-to teaching
others• Persuasion• Puzzle
Designer• Inquiry• Learner as Expert/
SME• Debate• Mystery
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Journalistic Storytelling
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Is a digital story ever done?Re-telling and learning
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Re-telling
Legend Parable
Fable
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Re-telling?
Different archetypes?
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Archetypal plotsArchetype Plot Structure GiftOrphan How I suffered
How I survivedResilience
Wanderer How I escapedHow I found my way in the world
Independence
Warrior How I achieved my goalsHow I defeated my enemies
Courage
Altruist How I gave to othersHow I sacrificed
Compassion
Returned Innocent
How I found happinessThe promised land
Faith
Magician How I changed my world Power
(Pearson, 1998)
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Design Frameworks
Learner• Self-reflection• Journalism• Creative Writing• Multiple POVs
Pedagogy• Peer
feedback/interviewing
• Peer reviews• Connected
storytelling
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Does it matter how a story is told?Process and intention
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Telling a fable
(Snowden, 2004)
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Story structure frameworks
Polytrophic
Teleological
Histrionic
Digressive
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Dialogic storytelling
Type Dialogue asInclusive-divergent Conversation
Inclusive-convergent Inquiry
Critical-divergent Debate
Critical-convergent Instruction
Burbules (1983)
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O’Neill, 2002
ARCS
LOW Color
HIGH Need Fulfillment
HIGHColor
LOW Need Fulfillment
TIME
Keller, 1999
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?
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Just because we use a method
Doesn’t mean we are telling an effective story or that students are learning
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Telling + teaching
PREPARATION of the listener/learner for future learning
ENGAGEMENT of the listener/learner through multiple means
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Th
ing
s S
mall
by C
yn
thia
D
assle
r
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Co-narration
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Learners telling stories
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Novices Focus on discrete
details Capture empirical
information Focus on the use of
formulas and previously learned strategies
Operate at lower levels of thinkingCaveat: Learners are not novices at
everything
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Experts
Have deep and complex memory of information
Have situational and applied frameworks to quickly retrieve knowledge
‘See’ the underlying theory, models, and principle
Focus on understanding the problemsCaveat: Teachers are not experts at
everything
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Mental Function and Skill Level: Five Stage Model
(Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1980, p. 15)
Workplace experience
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SOLO TaxonomyStructure of Observed Learning Outcomes
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Many tools operate at novice level
Heroes among us
THIRST
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HURRIERModel of Listening
TRANSFER
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Process of Digital Processing
TRANSFER
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Social Media
TwitterBlogsPhonesiPodsGamesFacebookSkypeYouTubeMeetupFlickrUstreamThe Sims
keitai shousetsu – cell phone novels
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Design Frameworks
Learner Portfolio Cases Debate Problem Solving Portfolio
Pedagogy Peer/Expert
critique Cooperation Collaboration Distributed
intelligence Games
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Engage
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(Bro
okfie
ld 1
987,
199
1, 1
995)
Critical Reflection
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Critical Reflection
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Data
Connectedness Wisdom
Information
Knowledge
Understanding
Understanding relations
Understanding patterns
Understanding principles
(Bellinger, Castro & Mills, 2004)
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Building Community
• Design for growth & change• Create and maintain feedback
loops• Empower members over time
Kim, A. J., (2000). Community building on the web. Peachpit Press.
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Contributive Pedagogy
• Social Justice Action• Citizen Journalism• Mentoring• How-to Teaching• Social Network
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