CESSE Session 7: Adding Value to Your Publications Process
Institutional Identifiers in Practice
Christine Orr@chrissorr @ringgoldinc
16 July 2015
Today’s Agenda
1. Ringgold Introduction2. Entity Management: People, Places,
and Things3. Identifiers in the Scholarly Space4. Open Access Case Study5. Recommendations & Best Practices
Provide structured, authoritative data about two
entity types
Institutions
• Identify Database• Identify Audit Service: data
normalization• Consortia Directory Online
Scholarly Works
Books & ebooks: Abstracts and bibliographic data to drive discovery, purchase, and use
Ringgold’s Vision
A scholarly supply chain
where information and data
about subscribers, authors,
readers, and content is able
to flow easily and without
confusion. Trust in data
increases, and more
confident decisions can be
made.
Founded 2005
Identify & Ringgold ID:Broad Adoption by Publishers &
Intermediaries…
• Copyright Clearance Center – RightsLink for Open Access• Aries Editorial Manager• ScholarOne Manuscripts (coming soon)• ORCID – Identify used for institutional affiliation module• Advantage Computing Systems – multiple client integrations• SalesForce – multiple client integrations• 50+ scholarly publishers such as Elsevier, OUP, CUP,
ProQuest, PLOS, Sage, T&F, Wolters Kluwer, Kudos…
…and by Associations• AAAS• American Academy of Pediatrics• American Chemical Society• American College of Physicians• American Institute of Aeronautics
and Astronautics• American Institute of Physics• American Medical Association• American Psychological Association• American Society for Microbiology• American Society of Hematology• American Thoracic Society• ASTM International
• British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery
• Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET)
• IOP Publishing• Massachusetts Medical Society (NEJM)• Radiological Society of North America• RCN Publishing• The Royal Society• Royal Society of Chemistry• SAO/NASA Astrophysical Data System• Society for Exploration Geophysicists• Society for Neuroscience
ENTITY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOLARLY RESEARCH
People, Places, and Content
What do we need
to identify &
describe?
Authors, Members,
Editors, Readers, Researchers
Licensees, Publishers, Funders,
Intermediaries, Affiliations
Books, Journals, Articles, Grants, Citations
What are standard identifiers?• Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated
with a single entity• Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content
Disambiguate aka enforce uniqueness
Institutions that have the same name, but are actually different…
Ringgold ID 1848Northeastern University (Boston,
USA)
Ringgold ID 12434Northeastern University (Shenyang, China)
Standard Identifiers contribute to interoperability*
*This means data that can be linked together through unambiguous identification and exchanged with others
GovernedTrustedTransparentAnd link to appropriate metadata
In order to be effective, identifiers must be:
What can high quality data help us to achieve?
Tactical support for day to day operations
Strategic planning
Develop new information
IDENTIFIERS: A SAMPLING
Differences in scope & purpose
Personal Identifiers
International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) www.isni.org
Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) www.orcid.org
And many proprietary IDs: Scopus Author ID - ElsevierResearcherID - Thomson Reuters
ORCID: Open Researcher & Contributor
ID
ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier
• ISO Standard 27729
• ISNI is designed to be a “bridge identifier” to join other data sets.
• Covers any type of entity that might appear in a library catalogue record: person or institution.
ISNI Number
Party ID 2Ringgold ID
Identify Metadata & Hierarchies
Proprietary Information
and/orMetadata
ISNI – Personal Record
Institutional Identifiers
• ISNI• Ringgold
Identifier• FundRef
ISNI – Institutional Record
Ringgold Identifier: Institutions currently active in the scholarly
supply chain
• Numerical ID applied to each record in the Identify Database
• Format is 4-6 digits• Created by Ringgold’s team of
researchers (manual process)• Global coverage• All sectors: .edu, .gov., .com, .org• All roles: licensees, publishers,
funders, intermediaries• 415K institutions and growing
Identify Database in 3:
Identifies unique institutions…..
Catalogs & describes each using Identify Data Elements
Current• Ringgold Identifier• Name: official & alternatives• Location• URL/domain• Size metrics• Tier assignments: JISC, Carnegie,
Ringgold• Authentication: Athens, IPs• Ringgold Type: sector & subject• Links: Hierarchical & consortia
• ISNI matched to each Identify record
• Expanded descriptive metadata: – Granular subjects– Reach, sites– Economic model, governance– Level within hierarchy– Mission, description– Activity status
Organizes them into hierarchies (aka “family trees”)
….of institutions
FundRef
IDENTIFIERS IN SUPPORT OF OPEN ACCESS
CCC’s RightsLink for Open Access
Challenge: Correct Application of APC Discounts / Waivers
• Multiple systems & data sources involved• Lack of standard references• Complex criteria + complex institutional
relationships
Solution: Get everyone speaking the same language
RightsLink for Open Access: Typical Workflow
Publisher
•Provides CCC a list of eligible institutions with Ringgold IDs, per Ringgold Identify Audit or CCC mapping
Author
•Chooses affiliation from Ringgold-enabled list via•MSS submission (Aries, ScholarOne) OR
•CCC RightsLink for Open Access
CCC
•Captures author affiliation and Ringgold ID
•Compares affiliation to list of eligible institutions using Ringgold IDs and hierarchies
•Calculates proper APC
Author view: CCC
Discounts can be triggered via Identify hierarchy or other metadata elements
• Correct APC discounts & waivers applied
• Publisher’s business rules supported
• Records enhanced with key metadata and Ringgold IDs
• Reporting fueled by accurate data
Elements of Best Practice at Work
Data integration & linking Free text entries for
affiliations are minimized in webforms
Single institutional authority file
Hierarchical links provide relational authority
Powers business intelligence
Free text is the death of good data
Individual + Institution IDs =
Benefits for Stakeholders
• Funders – Want to track areas of interest, identify worthwhile pursuits, and see where their money goes
• Institutions – Demonstrate research output more accurately and precisely describe the institution’s contribution and who is affiliated with that work
• Publishers – Facilitate transactions of all types from content discovery to delivery of author royalties. Improved market analysis and targeted advertising. Accurately deliver content, calculate APCs
• Societies – Understand their membership, total constituency, and institutional impact
RECOMMENDATIONS & CONSIDERATIONS
Practical advice about what to do when approaching identifiers
Recommendations
• Create the most complete metadata possible – for all entity types & roles
• Adhere to standards and identifiers which are broadly adopted (e.g. ORCID, ISBN, ISSN, DOIs, Ringgold ID, ISNI)
• Require authors & members to establish an ORCID profile
• Minimize manual entry of data• Improve data capture to require an ID
upon record creation
Considerations
• Which records & entities require IDs? – Old vs new
• How to apply them? – In-house resources required to join existing records to IDs or authority
file– Outside partners to help w metadata development, application of IDs,
data strategy
• How to leverage them?– New reporting & analysis tools to leverage newly linked datasets
THANK YOU
Christine OrrSales Director, North [email protected] Tel: 540.359.6620http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-3330
www.ringgold.com @ringgoldinc
Clean Data. Confident Decisions.