Download - Information Literacy Presentation
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
eXtreme searching: how to avoid
eXtreme frustration (and
bird walks)
presented by
Kathy Schrock
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Online support page
http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Overview of eXtreme searching
• Problems with searching• Three main types of search tools• The top search engines• What to do before you start• Advanced search strategies• The future of search• Subject directories• The Invisible Web
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
The Problems
• Too many hits for my query
• Can’t find what I am looking for
• How do I formulate words to get what I want?
• Which search engine do I use?
• How do I avoid “bird walks”?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Three types of search tools
• Search engines– Google
– AltaVista
• Meta-search engines– Vivisimo
• Directories– MSN
– LookSmart
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
What is a search engine?
• Software (robots, spiders, or crawlers) that indexes and catalogs the Internet into a database of keywords
• Active 24 hours per day
• Systematic approach to indexing sites
• Creates a database that you search
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
How do the search engines differ?
• Different databases are searched
• The degree of detail collected differs
• The level of sophistication of the
“robot” varies
• Relevancy rankings differ
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
What is a directory?
• Created by “expert” human beings
• Sites identified and classified
• Browseable and searchable
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
What is a meta-search engine?
• Don't crawl the web themselves to build listings
• Allow searches to be sent to several search engines/directories all at once
• Results are blended together onto one page
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
The Most Popular Search Tools
Key:
GG=GoogleYH=YahooMSN=MSNAOL=AOLAJ=Ask JeevesNS=NetscapeOVR=Overture IS=InfoSeekAV=AltaVistaLY=LycosLS=LookSmartELINK=Earthlink
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Search engine or directory?
• Personal preference
• Knowledge base
• Directories allow the user to form the search, but may not use common terms
• Search engines allow the user to use common language, but may lead to lots of hits
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What to do before you start…
Taken from:
Bernie Dodge
“What to do before searching”
http://webquest.sdsu.edu/searching/stepzero.html
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Think about your topic
What is the question you're trying to answer?
Think about the…• people • terms • organizations • places • objects, etc.
…that will most probably be on the Web page that will contain your answer
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #1
Write down a reference question on your worksheet.
Don’t make it extremely narrow, but do not make it too broad. For example:
“Where would I find research dealing with the impact of technology on student achievement?”
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Create a 3M list of search terms
• Must: surely appear• Might: synonyms• Mustn’t: not interested
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #2
• On the 3M chart on the worksheet, list key words that must, might, and mustn’t be on the page that will answer your question.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Advanced Search Page
• Most comprehensive search engines have an advanced search page
• May or may not allow Boolean
• May be fill-in-the-blank
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
AltaVista Advanced Search
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Basic Boolean
AND results must contain all words joined by AND (heart AND disease) = Fewer hits
OR results must contain at least one of the words (drama OR theater) = More hits
NOT results will not contain word after the term NOT (schools AND NOT middle) = Fewer hits
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Boolean Machine
Here you can visit an online demonstration of the Boolean strategies…
Rockwell Schrock’s Boolean Machine
http://kathyschrock.net/rbs3k/boolean/
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #3
1. On the worksheet, write two Boolean queries using true Boolean operators
2. Go to http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
3. Click on AltaVista Advanced Page link
4. Conduct your two searches and note both the number of hits and the relevancy of the results
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Google Advanced Search
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Google Advanced Search
OR
AND
NOT
PHRASE SEARCH
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #4
1. Create your queries in the Google boxes on the worksheet, without using phrases
2. Go to http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
3. Click on Google Advanced Page link
4. Conduct your two searches (again) and note both the number of hits and the relevancy of the results
5. Try a phrase search and note relevancy
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Strategies for Using Google
Taken from:
Bernie Dodge
“Four NETS for better searching”
http://webquest.sdsu.edu/searching/fournets.htm
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Start Narrow
• Think of all the words that would always appear on the perfect page.
Put those in the WITH ALL THE WORDS field
• Think of words that might help you eliminate distracting pages. Put those in the WITHOUT field.
• If there's a term with synonyms, either of which might appear on the page you're after, put them in the WITH ANY OF THE WORDS field.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #5
On your worksheet, fill in the Google search box with the terms you might/might not use for a search looking for:
Waterbury, Vermont
Go to Google Advanced search, conduct the search, and note the number of hits.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
One answer to assignment #5
Waterbury
Vermont VT
Connecticut CT
Number of hits: 37,200
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Phrase searching
• Helpful for finding names of places, people and books
• Useful if you remember a distinctive phrase
• Can see if work is “borrowed”
• Can stamp out “urban legends”
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Google Advanced Search Extras
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Google Page-Specific Search
• Use to find pages with like vocabulary and links
• Use to find pages that link to a page you like.
• Use to “ego” surf
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Things to ask yourself
• Can I do wildcard searches with this search engine?– educat* to get education, educator, etc.
• Does capitalization make a difference?
• Does the order of names make a difference?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #6
• Go to http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
• Read the help files for AltaVista and Google
• Fill in the chart on your worksheet
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Answers to Assignment #6
Search Engine Wildcard searching allowed?
Capitalization make a
difference?
Name order make a
difference?
AltaVista Y
Google N
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Boolean Stop Words
• Most web search engines will not search certain words: a, an, the, is, or, www
• Different search engines treat the information differently
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #7
• Choose two search engines and do a search on each of the following:– R2D2– 007– Catch-22– To be or not to be
• Note the number of hits on the worksheet
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Relevancy Rankings
• Search term frequency
• Positioning of key words in the document– Appear in title tag
– Appear near the top of the page
– Appear in meta-tags
– Appear in hyperlinks on the page
• “Link popularity”
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
The Future of Search
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #8
• Go to http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
• Click on Kartoo on the list
• Conduct your search and try limiting and broadening as well as visiting the sites returned
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Directories Review
• Put together by a human being
• Usually an expert in the field
• Categorized and annotated
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #9
Kathy Schrock’s Guide for Educators
http://discoveryschool.com/schrockguide/
Browse for 10 minutes.
Make notes on your worksheet and be prepared to share with the group.
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
The Invisible Web
• Not reached by the search engines
• Database information
• Dynamically-created information
• Directories of searchable databases
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Invisible Web Examples
• The Gateway to Educational Materials– http://www.thegateway.org/
• Current Awareness Program– http://landmark-project.com/ca/index.php3
(note the weird URL after you search)
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment #10
• Go to http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/
• Click on The Invisible Web link
• Take a look at the invisible Web subject directories available
• Conduct your search in one of the databases you choose
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General Search Strategies
Taken from:
Joyce Valenza
“Expanding the searching toolkit”
Classroom Connect, December 2000/January 2001
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
General searching tips 1
• Do some thinking before going online
• Choose the most unique terms you can
• Avoid common words unless in a phrase
• Use words that you want to see in results
• Type the most important words first
• Use at least 3 keywords
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
General searching tips 2
• Constantly refine your search
• Examine the results, looking for words
• Read the tips page of the search tool
• Start at the advanced search page
• Check your spelling
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Wrap-Up of eXtreme Searching
• Search engines are a-changin’
• Visit searchenginewatch.com
• Boolean searching has been refined
• Visual search engines are a-comin’
• Invisible Web access via directories
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Effective EvaluationEffective EvaluationEffective EvaluationEffective Evaluation
How to choose the best Web site How to choose the best Web site for the purpose at handfor the purpose at hand
Presented by Kathy Schrock ([email protected])
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Itinerary• Overview of the 5W’s• Viewing critical evaluation surveys• Whole group evaluation• Evaluating sites in groups• Creating an evaluation rubric
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
5W’s of Web Page Evaluation
Who wrote the pages and are they an expert?
What does the author state is the purpose of the site?
When was the site created and last updated?
Where does the information come from?
Why is the information useful for my purpose?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Who wrote the pages and are they an expert?• Who is providing the information?
• What do you know about them?
• Are they an expert?
• How can you find out more about the author?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
What does the author state is the purpose of the site?
• Does the information go into sufficient depth?
• Is the rationale for inclusion/exclusion given?
• Are there any obvious gaps in the information?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
When was the site created and last updated?• Date of creation included?
• Date of last update included?
• Does date make a difference?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Where does the information come from?• Is a bibliography of sources used provided?
• Is a bibliography of related items included?
• Are full citations given?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Why is the information useful for my purpose?
• Does the new information change what you know about the topic?
• Is the information pertinent to your needs?
• Is the information verifiable in a reputable print source?
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Critical Evaluation Surveys• Many different types and styles• Created for all grade levels • May be specific to an assignment• May be specific to a content area
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment 1: Critical Evaluation Surveys • http://kathyschrock.net/infolit2/• Visit various surveys and write
down the URLs of three you might use with your students on the worksheet
• Be prepared to share your choices
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment 2: Group evaluation
• Let’s visit this page… http://www.apa.org/journals/psp.html
• Look around it for a few minutes
• Jot down some of the strengths and weaknesses of the page
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment 3: Group evaluation
• http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/
pa/cm/cmhansrd.htm
• Look around it for a few minutes
• Jot down some of the strengths and weaknesses of the page
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
Assignment 4: Small group evaluation
• Groups of 4
• Evaluate your site using survey in packet (10 minutes)
• Meet as a group to discuss (5 minutes)
• One presenter per group (3 minutes)
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
• Help students understand criteria• Demonstrates best and worst• Should be grade-level appropriate• May need to be content-specific
Evaluation Rubrics
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Rubistar: Web Page Design• http://rubistar.4teachers.org/
rubric.php3?id=21&rubric=29
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Assignment 5: Create your own rubric
• Online rubric-creation site
• Review critical evaluation surveys
• Pick and choose appropriate aspects
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Criteria 1
Criteria 2
Criteria 3
Criteria 4
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c2003. Kathleen Schrock. All rights reserved.
5W’s of Web Page Evaluation
Who wrote the pages and are they an expert?
What does the author state is the purpose of the site?
When was the site created and last updated?
Where does the information come from?
Why is the information useful for my purpose?
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The EndThe EndThe EndThe End
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