Philip Bayard Crosby

ByPardeep Singh101303112COE-6Thapar UniversityInfluence of Crosby's views in the United StatesBorn on June 18, 1926 in Wheeling, West Virginia, United States of America.Was a businessman, management consultant, author and philosopherContributed immensely to management theory and quality management practicesOne of the quality gurus, the others being Joseph Juran William Edwards Deming and Armand V. Feigenbaum

Philip Bayard Crosby Initial career

Joined Crosley Corporation in 1952 as a test technician and Bendix Corporation in 1955 as a reliability engineer, both of them in Indiana, USHis major breakthrough came after he joined The Martin Company as a senior quality engineerWhile working on the Pershing missile program, he introduced the Zero Defects conceptHe was credited with a 25 percent reduction in the overall rejection rate and a 30 percent reduction in scarp costs

The Martin Company and the Pershing missile programProgram to eliminate defects in industrial production Enjoyed a brief popularity in the American industry from 1964 to the early 1970sAdopted by various companies including General Electric, ITT Corporation, Rolls-Royce Limited and United States ArmyHad its beginning in the aerospace and defense industry but was later regenerated in the automotive industryZero Defects54 percent reduction in defects in hardware under government auditGeneral Electric reported a $2 million reduction in costs of rework and scrapSperry Corporation reported a 54 percent reduction in defects in a single year

Industrial Sector Quality means conformance to requirements, not goodness or eleganceThe system of quality is prevention, not appraisalThe performance standard must be zero defects, not thats close enough.The measurement of quality is the price of non-conformanceFour Absolutes of Quality ManagementA human spaceflight program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Started in 1965 with the application of Zero Defects concept10 manned spaceflights completed under it over the course of next few yearsResult: Unprecedented achievement in the field of space exploration Served as a precursor to the Apollo program which finally put first human being on moon in 1969

The Gemini Project of NASARelates to just-in-time (JIT) inventory (where a company receives goods only when they are needed in the production process)Very effective in reducing down the inventory costs and managing wasteThe company is able to run the production process smoothly without needing to carry excessive inventory Doing it RIght the First Time (DRIFT)In 1965, Crosby joined the International Telephone and Telegraph CorporationWorked as the vice-president of quality for 14 years therePublished a book called Quality is Free in 1979Started a quality revolution in North America and EuropeHas been translated into 15 languages and more than 2.5 million copies have been sold

Quality is Free (1979)Every penny which is not spent on doing things wrong can be added to the profit.If quality is made certain which includes zero defects in products, the profit can be increased substantially.This extra money which was otherwise going to be spent on setting things right is free.Quality is free.How is Quality free? (Cost of Quality)People routinely do right things the first time.Change is anticipated and used to advantage.Growth is consistent and profitable.New products and services appear when needed (JIT).Everyone is happy to work there.Eternally Successful Organization Once asked about a problem by a department manager at one meetingReplied by saying that there is no quality problem Manager got frustrated and asked, then what are we meeting for?Crosby said to discuss the engineering problemSpurred much debate but drove many organizations to the much needed transformationNo Such Thing as Quality Problem Left ITT to form his own company in 1979Provided educational courses at Winter Park, Florida and eight foreign locationsWent on to be recognized by corporations around the globe as a quality guru who changed the ways to achieve greater efficiency, reliability and profitability

Philip Crosby Associates, Inc.Alberto Wisbeck took the job of top manager at Siemens worst factory in Jinan, China.The production was very low and the cost of raw materials was 67% of the sales.If the quality did not improve, the factory would be closed.A Real World Example Wisbeck focused on improving quality and meeting customers needsFollowing the 14-step quality improvement program, he encouraged the supervisors and the workers to identify the procedures and processes which were causing problemsResult: 300 projects saved the company $604,000 annually and the plant rose to be Siemens #2 plant.What did Wisbeck do?Crosbys legacy continues to live on in better quality of thousands of organizations all over the globeUpon his death, a noted quality professional said, He was one of the warmest and most focused people I have ever had the pleasure to meet and his common-sense approach will be missed.And indeed, his legacy lives on as it was evident in Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis Independence Day speech where he laid stress on zero defects concept.

Legacy