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Infection Prevention and Control
Induction Program
GRICG
May 2015
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What is an infection?
� An infection occurs when invading microorganisms cause ill health
� Viruses
� Bacteria
� Fungi
� Parasites
� PrionsPain, tenderness,
swelling, redness, pus fever
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Microbial Reservoirs
� Microbes can survive in many environments
� On or in people, as normal flora
� On or in people who have infections
� On or in animals as normal flora or infections
� Contaminated food or fluids
� Contaminated articles
� Contaminated environment
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Three Elements of Infection Transmission
. Elderly personHealthcare worker
Visitor
PersonObjectFoodWater
HandsEquipment
FoodWater
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Methods of Reducing the Spread of Infection
Successful infection prevention and control
involves implementing work practices that prevent transmission of infectious agents through a two-tiered approach:
Standard Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
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Tier One
Standard Precautions
� Routine infection control measures to be used at all times for all patient care
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Standard Precautions
� Hand hygiene
� Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
� Personal protective equipment
� Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT)
� Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use
� Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps
� Use of environmental controls
� Appropriate waste management
� Appropriate handling of linen
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Tier Two
Transmission Based Precautions
.
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Infection Transmission
Contact Transmission
1. Direct contact with another person can transmit their microbes to you – hands, injection or ingestion
2. Indirect contact is when a third person or an article transmits the microbes from one person to another – equipment or environment
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Infection Transmission
Airborne transmission occurs when fine spray is coughed into the air (can travel suspended in air more than 1 metre)
Droplet transmission occurs when largerespiratory droplets (which travel less than 1 metre), are coughed onto someone else
Special Disease Event: All 3 modes of
transmission . A special disease event is an infectious disease of high consequence such as a pandemic or large outbreak commencing outside or within Australia involving a virus or bacteria currently not endemic in Australia. Instructions for PPE requirements will be given at the time of this event.
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Transmission Based Precautions
� Single room with ensuite
� Cohorting if single room not available and dedicated toilet
� Special ventilation requirements
� Additional use of protective equipment
� Rostering of immune HCWs to care for infectious patients
� Dedicated patient equipment
� Restricted movement of patients and HCWs
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Transmission Based Precautions
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Transmission Based Precautions
Table Notes
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Precaution Signage
.
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Standard Precautions
� Hand hygiene
� Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
� Personal protective equipment
� Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT)
� Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use
� Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps
� Use of environmental controls
� Appropriate waste management
� Appropriate handling of linen
These are discussed individually on the next slides
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Hand Hygiene
� Staff hands are the most common vehicle for infection transmission
� Own resident hand flora
� Transient hand flora – organisms picked up from contact with persons or articles
� Infectious hand conditions – dermatitis, paronychia
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Alcohol/
Chlorhexidine
Hand rub
Hand Hygiene Refers To:
� Hand washing using soap/skin cleanser
� Decontamination using alcohol hand rub
� Decontamination using 4% Chlorhexidine
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Alcohol Hand Rubs
� Improve hand hygiene compliance
�Kill bacteria on hands more readily
�Cause less skin irritations and dryness
�Decrease patient infection rates when used before and after every patient contact
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http://www.hha.org.au/LearningPackage/olp-home.aspx
Online Learning Packages Available
StandardMedical
Nursing/MidwiferyAllied healthNon Clinical
Student Health Practitioners
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Respiratory Hygiene and Cough
Etiquette
����If you cough or sneeze cover your mouth with a tissue
����Dispose of soiled tissue in the rubbish bin
����If you do not have a tissue cough or sneeze into the inside of your arm
����Clean your hands afterwards
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Gloves, Gowns, Masks, Eyewear
Special Disease Event – additional double gloves, knee high shoe covers, face shield and hood
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Glove Use
� Used when contact with body fluids is anticipated
� Single use – must be discarded after patient contact
� Must wash hands after removal of gloves
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Mask Use
Danger Zone for Absorption
� Eyes
� Nose
� Mouth
� Single use item
� Use when splash with body fluids is anticipated
� N95/P2 for airborne diseases
� Replace when moist
� Dispose of directly into waste bin
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PPE for Standard Precautions
The PPE used in standard precautions are used
alone or in combination and include:
� aprons and gowns
� surgical masks
� protective eyewear (goggles or face shields), and
� gloves.
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Sequence for putting on PPE
The sequence for putting on PPE is as follows:
1. perform hand hygiene
2. put on gown or apron
3. put on surgical mask
4. apply protective eyewear such as goggles or face shield, and lastly
5. apply gloves.
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Sequence for removing PPE
The sequence for removing PPE is as follows:
1. remove gloves
2. perform hand hygiene
3. remove protective eyewear such as goggles or face shield
4. remove gown or apron
5. Perform hand hygiene
6. remove surgical mask, and lastly
7. perform hand hygiene again.
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Aseptic Technique
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Aseptic Technique Risk Assessment
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Aseptic Technique in Practice
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Single Use Policy
� Any items marked by manufacturer as single use should be discarded after use
� Single use vials or ampoules must be used wherever these are available
� Multi dose vials must only be used on the same patient then discarded
� Items marked “Single Patient Use” must only be re-used on same patient then discarded
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Safe Handling of Sharps
� Always use safety devices when they are available
� Use appropriate sharps containers
� Discard used sharps immediately
� Do not pass sharps by hand between HCWs
� Avoid recapping needles
� Do not force sharps into container
� Do not over-fill sharps containers
� Segregate correctly
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Environmental Cleaning
�Deposits of dust, soil and microbes on surfaces are a potential source of infection
� Neutral detergent used for routine cleaning
� Disinfectants may be required in some situations – gastro, MROs
� All cleaning equipment should be stored dry
� Surfaces should be cleaned regularly and immediately following blood and body fluid spills
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INFECTIOUS
WASTE
Blood and Body Substance Spills
� Don personal protective equipment
� Confine and contain the spill
� Treat waste as infectious
� Clean spill site according to hospital policy
� Carpet – clean with neutral detergent and arrange carpet cleaner as soon as possible
� Use a chlorine based disinfectant as directed by your hospital policy
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Waste Management
� Waste should be segregated at point of generation
� Place clinical waste in yellow containers or bags bearing biohazard symbol
� Do not over fill bags or containers
� Do not compact by hand
� Follow relevant jurisdiction legislation, guidelines or codes of practice.
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Linen Management
• Do not over fill bags (3/4 full)
• No sharps into soiled linen
• Prevent seepage
• Use gloves to handle moist linen
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Food Hygiene
� Food safety training required
� Hand washing, glove use
� Regular cleaning of serving and storage areas
� Pest and dust control
� Date and cover prepared food in fridge
� Maintain safe food temperatures
� Hot food - >60oC
� Cold food - <5oC
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Occupational Exposure
� First aid – immediate washing of area
� Eye splashes – rinse thoroughly
� Report incident promptly
� Evaluation of exposure
� Follow-up action, counselling
� Blood tests if required
� Ensure full documentation of incident
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Staff Health
� Good personal hygiene
� Seek prompt diagnosis and treatment of personal illness (away for 48 hours - gastro)
� Staff immunisation
� Hepatitis B
� Influenza
� MMR
� Pertussis
� Varicella zoster
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Take Care ………….
…. of yourself and your patients
Questions or Queries?
Infection Control Phone Number:…………………………..