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INFANT ABANDONMENT AND MALTREATMENT
2001-2015
North Carolina’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner 2017North Carolina Child Fatality Prevention Team
Kerry Robbins, MS Lisa Mayhew, MS
Meghan Shanahan, Ph.D. Mary Bynum
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Legal Outcomes
▪ 2008-2013
▪ Data
▪ Victim, suspect/perpetrator demographics
▪ Legal information
▪ Location of incident
▪ Relationship of suspect/perpetrator to decedent
▪ Primarily biological mother and father
▪ Legal outcomes database use
NC OCME 2017
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OBJECTIVES
1. Quantify infant abandonment
deaths(first year of life) from 2001-2015
NC OCME 2017
2. Quantify all infant maltreatment deaths (first 3 months) from
2001-2015
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Outline
All Infant Death
• Accidental • Homicide• Undetermined• Suicide• Natural
Abandonment:Child left not cared for can include:
AsphyxiaDrowningBlunt in nature
Maltreatment:Abuse and neglect
NC OCME 2017
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Definitions
NC OCME 2017
Abandoned Infant Deaths• 0-11 months• Viability
• Fetus born at gestational age termed viable ( >22 weeks)
• Live birth• If clearly stated live birth,
counted• If clearly stated not a live birth,
did not count• If unknown, but viable, counted
Infant Maltreatment Deaths• 0-90 days• Maltreatment: abuse and neglect
(WHO)
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1. QUANTIFY INFANT ABANDONMENT DEATHS FROM 2001-2015
NC OCME 2017
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Infant Fatalities age 0 through 11 months from 2001-2015
NC OCME 2017
Total: 3,203
Accidents: 572
Homicide: 168
Undetermined: 672
Natural: 1,851
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Accidents Homicides Undetermined Natural
Infant Fatality 2001-2015
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NC OCME 2017
Infant Fatalities age 0 through 11 months from 2001-2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Abandoned infants
Rate per 100,000
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Infant Fatality 2001-2015 By Manner—Accident
NC OCME 2017
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 31 33 32 40 55 42 48 41 31 32 37 42 34 28 36
0
100
200
300
400
500
Infant Fatalities: Accidents
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Infant Fatality 2001-2015 By Manner—Homicide
NC OCME 2017
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 8 15 10 12 20 16 14 15 6 5 3 13 13 6 11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Infant fatalities: Homicides
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Infant Fatality 2001-2015 By Manner—Natural
NC OCME 2017
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 159 143 156 156 163 143 159 190 164 101 86 68 58 62 34
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Infant Fatalities: Natural
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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 7 22 15 14 6 17 20 26 50 69 70 88 75 103 104
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Infant Fatalities: Undetermined
Infant Fatality 2001-2015 By Manner—Undetermined
NC OCME 2017
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Yearly Comparison
NC OCME 2017
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Accident 1
Homicide 1 3 2 3 4 4 1 1
Natural 1 1 1 1
Undetermined 1 1 1 1 1
Total 4 3 3 3 6 1 4 1 2 1 1
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Full Picture
NC OCME 2017
• Abandoned Infants• Accident: 2002• Homicide: 2001, 2002 (3), 2003 (2), 2004 (3), 2005 (4), 2007 (4), 2009, 2011• Undetermined: 2001, 2005, 2006, 2012, 2014• Natural: 2001, 2003, 2005, 2011
Total: 29
Responsible adult
Age (years)
Mother 14 Over 18 3
Father 0 Under 18 11
Other 0 Unknown 16
Unknown 16
Age (of infant)
0 15
1 day 13
2 day 1
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Context
NC OCME 2017
Means Number of infant fatalities
Medical Treatment 18
Gun 6
Fire, burns, carbon monoxide 19
Blunt 128
Asphyxia 366
Drowning 26
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2. QUANTIFY ALL INFANT MALTREATMENT DEATHS WITHIN THE FIRST 3 MONTHS
NC OCME 2017
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Infant Maltreatment Fatalities age 0-90 days from 2001-2015
NC OCME 2017
Total: 1,833
Accidents: 279
Homicide:71
Undetermined: 390
Natural: 1,087
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Accidental Homicides Undetermined Natural
Infant Maltreatment Deaths
2001-2015
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Infant Maltreatment Fatalities age 0-90 days from 2001-2015
NC OCME 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Maltreated infants
Rate per 100,000
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Infant Maltreatment (0-90 days) 2001-2015 By Manner—Accident
NC OCME 2017
Total Infant Deaths-Accident
2001 152002 162003 172004 252005 312006 182007 262008 172009 122010 142011 172012 242013 172014 112015 19 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Infant Maltreatment: Accidents
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Infant Maltreatment (0-90 days) 2001-2015 By Manner—Homicide
NC OCME 2017
Total Infant Deaths-Homicide
2001 42002 72003 32004 62005 112006 102007 52008 72009 32010 12011 22012 22013 22014 32015 4 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 4 6 3 6 10 10 4 4 2 3 1 1 2 3 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Infant Maltreatment: Homicides
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Infant Maltreatment (0-90 days) 2001-2015 By Manner—Undetermined
NC OCME 2017
Total Infant Deaths-Undetermined
2001 52002 102003 102004 122005 52006 102007 102008 132009 302010 262011 392012 572013 472014 632015 53 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Number
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Full Picture
▪ Infant Maltreatment related deaths▪ Accident: 7
▪ Homicide: 64
▪ Undetermined: 11
▪ Natural: 0
Total: 82
NC OCME 2017
Infant Deaths Means
Animals 1
Asphyxia 8
Blunt 39
Drowning 4
Environmental 1
Exposure 6
Fire 1
Motor Vehicle 3
Other 5
Sharp 2
Toxin 1
Unknown 11
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Yearly Comparison
NC OCME 2017
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Accident 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7
Homicide 5 6 3 6 10 10 4 4 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 64
Undetermined 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 0 11
Total 6 9 4 6 12 11 5 5 2 5 3 3 2 5 4
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Demographics
NC OCME 2017
Infant Maltreatment-child demographics
Sex Race Hispanic
Male: 52 Black: 31 Yes: 10
Female: 31 White: 39 No: 71
Unknown: 1 Unknown 12 Unknown: 2
Infant Maltreatment- caregiver demographics
Responsible adult Age (years)
Mother 33 Over 18 15
Father 28 Under 18 10
Parents 2 Unknown 57
Other 5
Unknown 14
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Take Away
▪ Abandoned infants▪ A decrease in deaths attributed to abandoned infants after the passing of the law.
▪ Overall infant fatality within the first year: asphyxia and blunt and take the lead.
▪ Mechanisms first 24 hours
▪ Toxin, Asphyxia, Drowning, Sharp, Gun, Unknown, Exposure
▪ Infant Maltreatment▪ Method of injury: Blunt
▪ Primarily from mother or father as the perpetrator
▪ Overall, either seeing a decrease or no change▪ Decrease in abandoned infants
▪ Deaths in first 3 months of life, steady
NC OCME 2017