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Sugar beet pulp
• If in a diet, the sugar beet pulp quantity is
- attention should be paid to protein and phosphoruslevels in the ration
- phosphorus rich protein supplements i.e.cotton seed meal, linseed meal or bran)
• It should not be given to animals in large amounts as itcontains high water content causing diarrhea andimpaired metabolism.
• It should be fed to animals after proper adaptationperiod i.e. gradually increase the quantity in the feed.
• To dairy cows, it should be given after milking.
• It should not be given to animals approaching the birthbecause it can cause abortion
• In animals fed with only pulp,protein, vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus & other minerals,and ballast nutrients deficiency develops which mayresult in weakness, night blindness, bones and jointsdisorders, diarrhea and light-colored meat production
Wet Sugar beet pulp
• To beef animals: 10-20 kg per animal per day
• To dairy cows: 20-30 kg per animal per day
• To fattening sheep: up to 2 kg per animal/day
• 10 kg/day for horses used for light work
• As wet sugar beet pulp is not suitable for fine
wool sheep and working animals, they should
not be fed to these animals. If must then should
be used in minute quantities
Dried Sugar beet pulp
• For proper storage, water content of dried sugarbeet pulp should not exceed 13%
• Drying of pulp will ease many problems likedifficulties during transportation, preservation,marketing and feeding
• Dried sugar beet pulp hasCP 9%, DCP 6%ME for ruminants 2600 kcal/kg (near to the energy of the barley)
Dried Sugar beet pulp
• Crude fiber
• Organic matter digestibility
• Most of nitrogen free extract is as pectin
• pectin amount in pulp
causes constipation but it has positive effect on milk fat content.
• Calcium 0.67%, Phosphorus 0.25%
• Mineral & vitamin
• Dried pulp readily absorbs water thus whilechewing
- absorbs most of the mouth saliva andmakes swallowing difficult
• It can cause blockage in the esophagus; alsoafter getting swelled in rumen, it causespressure on the heart which may results indeath.
• To prevent such danger, day before feeding,dried pulp should be moistened with 5-6 folds ofwater quantity.
Dried Sugar beet pulp
Dried Sugar beet pulp
• When soaking is not possible
lesser amounts should be fed to animals.
• Mixing with roughage like straw allows more
chewing which will result in moistening/ swelling
of pulp before swallowing.
• If daily consumption is less than 2 kg then there
is no need of moistening.
• Maximum dried sugar beet pulp per day
- Horses 2kg
- Dairy cows 5kg
- Beef cattle 1-3kg
- Sheep 0.5kg
- Up to 30% in the concentrated feeds
- It should be noted that the nutrients thatare missing in the pulp should be coveredwith other feed materials.
Dried Sugar beet pulp
It is important to supplement protein
rich feeds with carbohydrate rich feeds.
Dried Sugar beet pulp
MOLASSES
• During sugar production, the materialproduced after the evaporation of sugarywater and crystallization of sugar is calledmolasses. It is similar to pekmez in colorand consistency.
• Every 100 kg of beet produces 3 kgmolasses.
• Uncrystallized sugars, water-soluble minerals,
and other water-soluble substances are
accumulate in molasses.
• DM: 70-75%
• Sugar: 50-55%
• CP: 7-8% (most of it is NPN)
• ME for ruminants 2300 kcal/kg (Fermentable
ME, FME ↑)
MOLASSES
MOLASSES
• A large part of ash is K (3.6%)
• P
• Various trace elements, especially Co
• Of vitamins, niacin and pantothenic acid
• Suitable feed material for all animals.
• Single stomach animals like pigs and horsesalso utilize molasses efficiently.
• In ruminants because of the microbialbreakdown of sugar in the rumen,significant loss of energy occurs.Because of good taste molasses provide betterconsumption of tasteless feed such as straw.
• Since molasses are rich in easily solublecarbohydrates, they are useful in better utilizingprotein-rich rations.
MOLASSES
Laxative effect because of high levels of alkali(especially potassium salts) and due to the presence ofsugary substances. Thus, it can be used together withthe feeds causing constipation.
Used as pellet binder during pellet making.
Prevents dusting in feed.
Molasses should be given to the animals in limitedquantity. It should be given to animals after properadaptation.
• Thick consistency of molasses causesdifficulties during transport and feeding.
• Before use
- it is usually diluted with two folds ofwater
- mixed with straw or chopped hay orother roughage.
As a result, molasses usage increases theconsumption of above mentioned feeds aswell as it improves their utilization by theanimals.
MOLASSES
• Green roughages, especially legume varieties
which are difficult to ensilage, molasses are of
great importance as a good source of
carbohydrates for acid producing bacteria.
• Depending on the variety of green grass
molasses can be used
- 1-4 kg for every 100 kg green feed
- 8-12 kg per m3 green grass
MOLASSES
• In the making of compound concentrate feed,
molasses can be used to
- prevent dust formation
- increase the energy content of feed
- Increase durability of pellets when used during
pellet making. For this purpose molasses can be
used
8-10% in ruminant compound feed
2-5% in poultry feed
FERMENTATION INDUSTRY
BY-PRODUCTS
Starch or sugar-containing products (Cerealgrains, potatoes and fruits).
Microbial fermentation of starch or sugars alcohol
By-products remained after alcohol and alcoholicbeverages production fermentation by-products.
Brewing industry by-products
Brewing Wheat, barley; also corn, rice,sorghum
First step in beer production from barley issprouting while from wheat is germination.
Malt
Grinding
Heating with water Corn, rice like cereals (60-75oC)
Hop
Boiling (100oC 90 min)
Liquid insoluble Malt Hop residue (Malt Pulp)
Cooling
Brewing yeast
Fermentation (Saccharomyces )
Beer Brewing yeast
Malt Pulp
Water insoluble Malt is called malt pulp.
Most of the malt pulp is composed of hull orhusk from barley grains.
In pulp,
Non sugar starch (20% of barley starch),
Insoluble N compounds (75% of barley protein),
80% of barley fat
And most of the barley crude ash
Fresh malt pulp DM 20-25%
Malt pulp can be present in fresh, dried or
silage forms
High digestibility
CF 5-20%
Source of energy and protein
• CP = 26% (90% DM)
• Protein degradability in rumen 60% (barley
80%)
• Poultry ME: 2300 kcal/kg
• Ruminant ME : 2300 kcal/kg (90% DM)
• Feeding value varies depending on dry mattercontent of pulp as well as processing technique.
• Feeding value of properly dried malt pulp issimilar to the wheat bran.
• Excessive heating darkens the pulp color as wellas decreases the protein digestibility.
• Dried malt pulp
Cattle, sheep and horse 10-20%
Poultry concentrate feeds 5%
Maximum feeding quantity of malt pulp
(kg/day)
Dairy cattle Beef Sheep Horse
• Fresh malt pulp
15 10 2 15
• Dried malt pulp
3 2 0.4 3
Brewing Yeast• Fresh and Dried Forms
• Fresh brewing yeast DM 16%. Fresh yeastshould be used immediately.
• Dried brewing yeast,
Light yellow and brown color
Pleasant and spicy flavor
Protein & vitamins (CP 44%)
Methionine ve cystine ,
It is not suitable to use it as a single proteinsource.
Lysine
CP digestibility
Except vitamin C and vitamin B12 all water
soluble vitamins
Higher B1 vitamin as compared to other yeasts
It lacks fat soluble vitamins. Only provitamin D2
ergosterol
Phosphorus and iron
• In cattle nutrition it can be used as proteinsource.
Cattle 500g/day dried brewing yeast or 15-20kgfresh brewing yeast
In calves nutrition it is good source of vitaminsand protein
In heifer compound feeds 3-5% dried brewingyeast
• Sheep 100 g/day
• Horses 300g/day
• Poultry rations 2-5%
DISTILLATION INDUSTRY BY-
PRODUCTS
Fermentable sugars or compounds that can turninto sugars are present in the structure of somefeeds, which can be used for alcohol production.
These material include sugar beet, molasses andfruits (fig, grape, apple), potatoes and cerealgrains (rich in starch) and wood processing wastesrich in cellulose.
DISTILLATION INDUSTRY BY-
PRODUCTS• For this purpose most commonly used cereal
grains include barley, wheat, corn. These arerich in starch content.
• Main products obtained are:
1. Distillers grain (DG)
2. Distillers solubles (DS)
3. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)
They vary depending on the raw material used.
Maize DDGS
• Maize DDGS
• Nutrient composition is 2.5-3 times greater than grain
• CP 30% (RUP: 55% of CP)
• EE 9%
• CF 9%
• Ash 4% available P is high
• ME(poultry) 2800 kcal/kg
• ME (ruminant) : 3050 kcal/kg
• Starch 2%
Maize DDGS
• DDGS
• Ruminant compound feeds 20-25%
• Poultry 10%
• Contains high concentration of Na leading
to wet litter problem
BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY BY-
PRODUCTS
Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Carbon source: Molasses
Nitrogen source: ammonia, ammonia salts
Phosphorus source
BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY
BY-PRODUCTS• Yeast (fresh, dried)
• Inactive yeast
• Active yeast
• Yeast culture
• Yeast cell wall
BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY
BY-PRODUCTS• Baker’s yeast: DM: 90%, CP: 46%
• The remaining condensed liquid after removing
the yeast is called vinasse.
• Molasses sugar content 50-55%
• Vinasse sugar content 3-5% (DM)
• Commonly used in ruminant nutrition by
lowering potassium to less than 3%