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Industrial User InspectionsEPA Region 9, Clean Water Act Compliance Office
CWEA 39th
February 29, 2012
Huntington Beach
Greg V. Arthur
US EPA (WTR-7), 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, 94601
(415) 972-3504
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Industrial User InspectionsKey - Account for the sources of variability in discharge quality
• Fed Regulatory
Requirements
• Types of Inspections
• Conducting the
Inspections
• Sources of Variability
• Permit Verification
• Representative
Sampling
• Bypass / Dilutionbatch industrial wastewater treatment unit for oil and toxic shipyard process watersC
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Industrial User InspectionsKey - Account for the sources of variability in discharge quality
Fed Regulatory
Requirements
40 CFR 403.8(f)(2)(v)
POTWs must
determine compliance
independent of the
information provided
by the discharger • sampling• inspection• verification
portable pump with long extension hoses in an electroplating shop
D
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Inspections Types
• Unannounced
• Announced
• Sampling
• Non-Sampling
• Walk-Through
• Comprehensive
• Civil Enforcement
• Criminal Investigation
batch industrial wastewater treatment unit for spent solutions and IX regenerantC
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
Ultimately industrial
users meet effluent
limits by controlling
the variabilities,
inherent in their design
and operations, that
effect the wastewater
quality.
continuous pH and ORP metering for treatment found not in service
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pH and ORP probes
evidently not used recently
continuous pH and ORP metering for treatment found not in service
Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
So … focus field work
on identifying and
quantifying sources
and controls of
variabilities from
• operations
• treatment
• discharge
D
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
• Step 1
First follow the indus-
trial processing steps
(raw materials in to
final products out).
open drums, portable pump and hosing, floor staining – general uncontrolled mess
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
Step 1 - Along the way
• identify all wastestreams
• determine controls for each
• determine all methods of delivery
• verify the pollutants present
• verify process and start-up dates open drums, portable pump and hosing,
floor staining – general uncontrolled messDD
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
• Step 2
Inspect all treatment
units and methods of
pollution control and
wastewater handling
practices
industrial wastewater treatment unit with final storage and equalization
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
Step 2 - At control units
• identify all incoming sources
• identify reaction end-point controls
• determine methods of internal delivery
• verify reagents and pollutants present
• identify all outgoing wastestreams industrial wastewater treatment unit with
final storage and equalizationC
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
• Step 3
Verify sample points,
sampling frequencies,
and pollutants
sampled against
pollutants present
sewer connection discharge point with multiple wastewater inlets
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
Step 3 - Disposal
• determine if sampling accounts for all flows
• verify sample day representativeness
• verify representativ- ness over time
• determine methods of disposal
• verify sampling covers pollutants present sewer connection discharge point with
multiple wastewater inletsD
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industrial wastewater treatment unit with continuous reaction end-point metering
Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
• Step 4
Get enough detail to
draw a wastewater
control schematic
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WastewaterControlSchematic
Level of Detail
• sources and schedules
• methods of delivery
• methods of control
• unit process monitoring
• methods of disposal
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Conducting Inspections
Step 4 - Schematic
• sources and schedules
• methods of delivery
• methods of control
• unit process monitoring
• methods of disposal industrial wastewater treatment unit with
continuous reaction end-point metering
Metering for• chrome reduction• metals precipitation• cyanide destruction
C
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
OperationalSources of Variability
Variabilities in waste-
water generation are
the result of the way
the industry operates
and in how the wastes
are then collected,
delivered, treated, and
conveyed for disposal.
bosses - operators - contractors - gruntsand a couple of plating shop dudes
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bosses - operators - contractors - gruntsand a couple of plating shop dudes
Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to operations
Variability in Flow
• seasonal
• weekends
• swing shift
• timer
• scheduled overhaul
• CIP
D
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Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to operations
Variability inPollutant Loadings
• spents
• circulation bleeds
• regenerant / reject concentrates
• CIP tank flush
• sump drainage
• treatment unit tailwaters
floor drains - wet floorsD
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Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to operations
Wastewater Segregationby Strength
• high-strength spents drag-out spents IX regenerant
• low-strength overflow rinses washdown hydrotest
• uncontaminated RO/IX brines domestic sources hardpiping of spents by type to segre-
gated batch treatment + clear labelingC
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Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to operations
Wastewater Segregationby Treatability
• cyanide-bearing
• acids
• alkalines
• oily emulsions
• brines
• solids and slurries
• insoluble organics
• soluble organics
• volatile organics separate tanks for different types of batch treatment stepsC
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on-demand low-overflow rinsing
Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to operations
Process WaterConsumption Practices
• on-demand
• countercurrent
• dilution
• DI make-up
• IX in-tank circulation
• CIP schedules
C
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Treatment-RelatedSources of Variability
Treatment reduces
variability in effluent
quality (1) by reducing
mean concentrations
and (2) because effec-
tive treatment requires
control of the influent
quality, delivery, and
treatment processes. oily wastewater treatment unit for oily bilge and ships wastewater
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Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to treatment
• separate treatment by strength
• reaction end-points
• reaction interference
• settling / filtration design capacity surges short-circuiting clogging solids handling
• variability controls equalization metering oily wastewater treatment unit for oily
bilge and ships wastewaterC
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segregated wastewaters collected for off-site disposal
Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Discharge-RelatedSources of Variability
The methods of dis-
charge and disposal
can significantly reduce
the variabilities in the
effluent quality.
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segregated wastewaters collected for off-site disposal
Industrial User InspectionsExamples of variabilities related to the method of discharge
• combined discharge
• batch discharge
• metered discharge
• final equalization
• test prior to discharge
• off-site disposal
C
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Permit Verification
Federal standards are
generally based on
BAT for certain dis-
charges.
Federal standards are
statistically-based to
reflect what BAT can
nearly always achieve
(not on average).multiple discharges from continuous and batch treatment units to single outlet
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multiple discharges from continuous and batch treatment units to single outlet
Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Permit Verification
Federal standards
apply end-of-process
and after treatment
(unless adjusted).
Local limits apply
end-of-pipe.
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multiple discharges from continuous and batch treatment units to single outlet
Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Permit Verification
New source standards
are generally based on
the same BAT for con-
centrated discharges
resulting from waste-
water recycling or
reuse.
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Industrial User InspectionsKey is to find the sources of the variability in discharge quality
Permit Verification
New source standards
apply to wastestreams
from new processes
as well from some old
ones in which a new
upgrade provided the
opportunity to also
upgrade pollution
controls.multiple discharges from continuous and batch treatment units to single outletD
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Industrial User InspectionsEPA Region 9, Clean Water Act Compliance Office
CWEA 39th Annual
P3S Conference
Huntington Beach, CA
February 29, 2012
Greg V. Arthur
US EPA (WTR-7), 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, 94601
(415) 972-3504