Industrial-Organizational psychology in the Americas: Past & future trends
Harold Takooshian, APA International Psychology
Overview
1. International origins of scientific 2. today: indigenous (193) + specialized (52)
3. I-O today in the North America today
4. Origins of I-O in North America
5. I-O today in South v North America
6. The future of U.S. I-O : 3 trends
7. Conclusion
1a. International origins of
1879 Wundt: Germany
1881 Ochorowicz: Poland
1889 International Exposition: France
1b. Paris international expo 1889 !
1c. International
• By 1889 had developed many specialties covering specialty areas (criminal studies, education, psychopathology, psychophysics, therapy) and phenomena (amnesia, hypnosis, hallucinations, learning, perception).
• In 1889 several scholars and scientists decided to hold the International Congress of Physiological in Paris.
2a. : Indigenous and specialized
Indigenous: National (193 nations)1885 Russia (125th anniversary in 2010)1892 USA (APA)
Specialized: In every nationIn APA, 54 divisions. Division 52 (1997)=
International Division 14 (1945)= I-O
3. I-O today in North America
4 I-O areas today in SIOP
(Society for I-O ):
1. Personnel : Fit the person to the organizationWho to recruit, select, train, assess, promote
2. Organizational : Fit the organization to the person3. Human factors: Ergonomics, engineering 4. Consumer behavior: Reach outside the organization
(Advertising, marketing)
4a. Origins of I-O in North AmericaPersonnel James McKeen Cattell
1890 “mental tests” 1921 Psychological
Corporation1917 Military
(Goddard)
Human factors1909 “time-motion studies”F.W. Taylor, F+L. Gilbreth
4b. Origins of I-O in North America
Consumer behavior1901 Walter Dill Scott1903 of advertising
Organizational 1927-39 Hawthorne studies
(Elton Mayo)1960 Human enterprise
Douglas McGregorHRM = “Labor ” shift
4. Growth of I-O : South v North America
South America: None
1984 Universidad d’Atacama
Abel Gallardo, MS
http://abelgallardo.tripod.com
North America:
1987: Society for I-O Psychology
www.siop.org 4,000 of 84,000
demand, salaries, growth (NYC 2007)
5a. 3 future trends in U.S. I-O
APA I-O Psychology Handbook (S. Zedeck, 2011)
1. Human Relations Movement (HRM):
Ways to humanize the corporation
2. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
3. Predicting counterproductive behaviors (CPB)
5b. HRM: Target Corporation• HOW CAN TARGET PROMOTE ITS EMPLOYEES’ WELFARE?ANNE TAKOOSHIAN: TARGET “TEAM” H.R. (HUMAN RESOURCES)
• “360-degree feedback:” assessing job satisfaction,annual Employee Attitude Surveys
• Employee wellness: Physical & mental health, EAP• Counseling: finances, family, career development• Insurance: Home, car, life, health, pension• Community involvement: volunteers, social activities,
TCOE 1%,
5b. Org. citizenship behaviors
• PROMOTING POSITIVE IN ORGANIZATIONS?
• tests: Shift from clinical to I-O
• Assessing job satisfaction: JDI, MSQ…
• OCQ, Org. Commitment (Porter, 1979)
• OCB, Org. citizenship (Podsakoff, 2000)
5c. Counterproductive behaviors
• CAN ORGANIZATIONS AVOID CPBs?
• tests: Shift from clinical to I-O
• Dependent personality (drugs, alcohol)
• Dishonesty
• Lateness, absence, malingering
• Violence, anger, conflict
Thank you !
• Professor Alexander Voronov !
• Professor Evgeny Osin !
• Professor Valentin Spivakovsky !
• Anne W.S. Takooshian !
125 years of International :IAAP, Paris, 8-13 July 2014
International in New York City:March 1-4, 2013, EPA conference