Download - In the “Eye of the Tiger”
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In the “Eye of the Tiger” It is (mostly) about
Improvement
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Improving Teaching: What we would like to happen
Num
ber o
f Te
ache
rs
“Teacher Effectiveness”
How far will personnel evaluation
take us?
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Suppose We Were Evaluating 10,000 Teachers: Ideal Result
2500
2500
2500
2500
1 2 3 4
Observational rubric designation
4 3 2 1
Valu
e ad
ded
des
igna
tion
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What We Will Likely See in Practice: 10,000 teachers with ρ =.30
940 680 520 350
680 690 620 530
520 620 690 670
350 530 670 940
1 2 3 4
Observation rubric designation4 3 2 1
Valu
ed a
dded
d
esig
natio
n
Lots of mixed patterns of evidence
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Empirical Teacher Effectiveness Distributions: A small percent outliers… a huge group in the middle
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So can we use teacher evaluation rankings to improve teaching?
• Simple, but naïve idea— “You’re category 2…improve!”
• Not mostly a problem of effort, intentions or attention.
• For most teachers it is a question of “Well, exactly how do I improve?”
• Classic Edward Deming observation…
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You cannot fatten the cow by weighing it!
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So what in the teacher evaluation data might actually inform improvement?
• Value added—some use for targeting but even here pretty unreliable.
• Classroom observation protocols should be of value.
• But, even here there is a complication.
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Measurement For Improvement vsMeasurement for Evaluation
Measurement for personnel evaluation– Reliability is paramount– Low inference premium, clearly observable behaviors– Generality for all
• Measurement for improvement– Focus on signaling what we value– Timely, woven into the web of work– High inference OK within professional community, low
stakes– Aligned to specific work of instruction
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An Instructional-System Specific Protocol
• Text Selection• Text Introduction• During the Reading• After Reading• Word Work
Guided Reading: A High Leverage Daily Activity in Grade 1-3 Comprehensive Literacy Classrooms
Five Elements Form the Practice:
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Guided Reading—After Reading(one of two rubric elements)
__Does not engage
students in discussion of
the text.
__Engages children in
some discussion, but
talk is often unfocused or
off topic.
__Engages children in
some discussion of text. Some
student comments
indicate they are thinking
about the text.
__Engages children in a
rich discussion of the meaning of the text that
is evident in students
comments about their
thinking.
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A General Standards-Based ProtocolInstruction: Feedback to Students
__Teacher’s feedback to students is of poor quality and not provided in a timely manner.
__Teacher’s feedback to students is uneven and its timeliness is inconsistent.
__Teacher’s feedback to students is timely and of consistently high quality.
__Teacher’s feedback to students is timely and of consistently high quality, and students make use of the feedback in their learning.
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So the good news…we are beginning to focus on the right problem
–Moving out problematic teachers must happen
—truncate off the extreme negative tail.
–And it is also about improving teaching
–move the overall distribution.
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But…
• It is far from clear that we are equipping districts with the right observational tools to inform such improvements.
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For in the end, it is all about…