In-Medium Jet Modification Measured by PHENIX Via Two Particle Correlations and High pT Hadrons in
A+A CollisionsAnthony Hodges
On Behalf of The PHENIX Collaboration
Quark Matter 2019Wuhan, China
Energy Loss in the Quark Gluon Plasma
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 2
Incoming Nuclei
Collision
QGP
Hadronization
Freeze out
A. M. Sickles
what happens to the energy?
• is the energy thermalized in the end?
24
gluon radiation
collisionalbroadening
→ "𝑞
→ �̂�
radiative
collisional
High momentum partons lose energy
The PHENIX Detector
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 3
West
South Side View
Beam View
PHENIX Detector2012
North
East
MuTr
MuID
RPC3
RPC1
MuID
RPC3
MPC
BBC
(F)VTX
PbSc PbSc
PbSc PbSc
PbSc PbGl
PbSc PbGl
TOF-E
PC1 PC1
PC3PC2
Central Magnet
CentralMagnet
North M
uon MagnetSouth Muon Magnet
TECPC3
BBC
(F)VTX
MPC
BB
RICH RICH
DC DC
ZDC NorthZDC South
Aerogel
TOF-W 7.9 m = 26 ft
10.9 m = 36 ft
18.5 m = 60 ft
Central Arm𝜂 < 0.35, ΔΦ − 2×90°
The Nuclear Modification Factor - 𝑅55
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 4
𝑅55 =𝜎88
𝑁:;<<𝑑>𝑁55/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂𝑑>𝜎BB/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂
■ This talk: Large Systems– Au+Au, U+U, Cu+Au
For small systems:Iurii MitrankovSmall Systems III
The Nuclear Modification Factor - 𝑅55
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 5
𝑅55 =𝜎88
𝑁:;<<𝑑>𝑁55/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂𝑑>𝜎BB/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂
■ This talk: Large Systems– Au+Au, U+U, Cu+Au
For small systems:Iurii MitrankovSmall Systems III
The Nuclear Modification Factor - 𝑅55
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 6
𝑅55 =𝜎88
𝑁:;<<𝑑>𝑁55/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂𝑑>𝜎BB/𝑑𝑝A𝑑𝜂
■ This talk: Large Systems– Au+Au, U+U, Cu+Au
For small systems:Iurii MitrankovSmall Systems III
Baryon Enhancement in Cu+Au
■ Enhancement of 𝑝 + �̅� /2 yield at moderate pT
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 7
Baryon Enhancement in A+A
■ Enhancement of 𝑝 + �̅� /2 yield at moderate pT
■ 𝑝 + �̅� /2 RAB consistent across Cu+Au and Au+Au at similar Npart11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 8
Meson RAA Cu+Au
■ 𝑅55 for 𝐾∗ and Φ meson > 𝑅55 for 𝜋H and 𝜂 at low 𝑝A■ Difference disappears at high 𝑝A
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 9
0-20% 20-40%
Meson 𝑅55 in U+U
■ Strange quark dependence also present in U+U collisions11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 10
O-20% 20-40%
Low 𝑝A Meson 𝑅55 in U+U
■ Strange quark dependent separation seen across wide 𝑁IJKL range
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 11
Integration Range
High 𝑝A Meson 𝑅55 In A+A
■ All meson 𝑅55’s and collision systems follow similar trend
■ 𝑅55 depends on system size, not collision species!11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 12
partN0 100 200 300�
AAR⇥1⇤10
1
10=192 GeVNNsU+U,
>5 GeV/cT
, p0⌅
>5 GeV/cT
, p⇧
>5 GeV/cT
, pSK
=200 GeVNNsAu+Au,
>5 GeV/c, PRL101:232301T
, p0⌅
>6 GeV/cT
, pSK
=200 GeVNNsCu+Cu,
>6 GeV/cT
, pSK
|y| < 0.35
Integration Range
Hadron 𝑅55 Conclusions
■ Baryon enhancement seen in Cu+Au and Au+Au– Same 𝑅55 at similar 𝑁BJKL
■ Difference in suppression levels based on strangeness contribution to meson makeup.■ 𝑅55 for all meson species converges at high 𝑝A■ At high 𝑝A, integrated 𝑅55 behavior depends on system size,
rather than collision species
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 13
Two Particle Correlations
■ Jet widths: 𝜎MNJK, 𝜎JOJP– Broadening – Requires careful subtraction of
background flow
■ 𝐼55 =RSSRTT
– Modification of hadron yield– Will show as a function of 𝑝AU and Δϕ
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 14
𝜋H
Small systems:Jonathan RuncheyInitial State I
Precision Extraction of Jet Width
■ New results (right) from combined data from 2010 and 2011
■ v2 ,v3 ,and v4 subtracted in new results → flow contamination removed11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 15
PRL 104 252301 (2010)
Previous PHENIX results
(rad)fD1- 0 1 2 3 4
fD/d
pair
N 0 p1/
N
0.1-
00.10.20.30.40.50.6 1 - 2 GeV/cÄ5 - 7
-H AuAu 200GeV 0p
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 0-20%
-hadron0p8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
New
𝑣X, 𝑣Y not subtracted𝑣>, 𝑣X, 𝑣Y subtracted
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – 𝜎JOJP(pT)
■ Away side jet peaks are broader at low 𝑝AU±
■ Consistent with p+p widths at high 𝑝AU±
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 16
(GeV/c)T
assoc p2 4 6
Away
s
0
0.5
1 4 - 5 GeV/c
(GeV/c)T
assoc p2 4 6
Away
s
0
0.5
15 - 7 GeV/c
-Hadron0p
(GeV/c)T
assoc p2 4 6
Away
s
0
0.5
17 - 9 GeV/c
(GeV/c)T
assoc p2 4 6
Away
s
0
0.5
19 - 12 GeV/c
p+p (2015)PRD 98 072004
(GeV/c)T
assoc p2 4 6
Away
s
0
0.5
112 - 15 GeV/c
Au+Au 0-20%Au+Au 20-40%(2010 & 2011)200 GeV
subtracted4,v3,v2v
PH ENIXpreliminary
Previous PHENIX Results – Direct Photon 𝐼55
■ Direct photon-hadron correlations – Access to initial parton energy– Previous PHENIX result shown at
right
■ 𝜋H − ℎ correlations (This talk)
■ Current analyses shift from 𝐼55(𝜉) to 𝐼55(𝑝AU)
■ 𝜉 = ln abc
; 𝑧A= 𝑝AU/𝑝AAKfg
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 17
zTIncreasing Decreasing
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – 𝐼55 𝑝AU
■ Enhancement of yield (IAA > 1) at low associate particle momentum
■ Depletion (IAA < 1) at high associate particle momentum11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 18
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3
0-20% 20-40%
4-5 GeV/cT
Trigger p-hadron0p
200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI0
1
2
3 5-7 GeV/cT
Trigger p]2p + p, 2
p - pAway side [ subtracted4,v3,v2v
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 7-9 GeV/cT
Trigger p
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 9-12 GeV/cT
Trigger p
PH ENIXpreliminary
𝐼55 =𝑌5OJP55
𝑌5OJPBB
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(Δϕ)
■ Calculate ratio in yields between Au+Au jet function and p+p baseline
■ Shows modification to away-side jet peak at substructure level
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 19
-A+A-p+p
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (20-40%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
5.0-7.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
Associate pPH ENIXpreliminary
Δϕ
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(Δϕ)
■ Calculate ratio in yields between Au+Au jet function and p+p baseline
■ Shows modification to away-side jet peak at substructure level
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 20
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (20-40%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
5.0-7.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
Associate p
3.0-5.0PH ENIXpreliminary
-A+A-p+p
Δϕ
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(Δϕ)
■ Calculate ratio in yields between Au+Au jet function and p+p baseline
■ Shows modification to away-side jet peak at substructure level
■ Skirt of jet is the first to see significant enhancement
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 21
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (20-40%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
5.0-7.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
Associate p
3.0-5.02.0-3.0PH ENIX
preliminary
-A+A-p+p
Δϕ
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(Δϕ)
■ Calculate ratio in yields between Au+Au jet function and p+p baseline
■ Shows modification to away-side jet peak at substructure level
■ Skirt of jet is the first to see significant enhancement
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 22
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (20-40%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
5.0-7.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
Associate p
3.0-5.02.0-3.01.0-2.0PH ENIX
preliminary
-A+A-p+p
Δϕ
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(Δϕ)
■ Calculate ratio in yields between Au+Au jet function and p+p baseline
■ Shows modification to away-side jet peak at substructure level
■ Skirt of jet is the first to see significant enhancement
■ Most intense enhancement at wide angles
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 23
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (20-40%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
5.0-7.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
Associate p
3.0-5.02.0-3.01.0-2.00.5-1.0PH ENIX
preliminary
-A+A-p+p
Δϕ
Conclusion■ Baryon enhancement in Cu+Au
■ New hadron 𝑅55 in Cu+Au and U+U
■ System size dependence of 𝑅55■ Away-side jet yield and shape modification consistent with
energy loss via wide angle gluon radiation
■ New 𝐼55(Δϕ) probes jet modification at substructure level
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 24
fD2 3 4
AAI
0
1
2
3
4 4.0-5.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
-hadron (0-20%)0p200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 5.0-7.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4 7.0-9.0 GeV/c
TTrigger p
fD2 3 40
1
2
3
4
0.5-1.0
9.0-12.0 GeV/cT
Trigger p
0-20%
(GeV/c)T
Associate p1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0
3.0-5.0 5.0-7.0PH ENIXpreliminary
partN0 100 200 300
�AAR⇥
1⇤10
1
10=192 GeVNNsU+U,
>5 GeV/cT
, p0⌅
>5 GeV/cT
, p⇧
>5 GeV/cT
, pSK
=200 GeVNNsAu+Au,
>5 GeV/c, PRL101:232301T
, p0⌅
>6 GeV/cT
, pSK
=200 GeVNNsCu+Cu,
>6 GeV/cT
, pSK
|y| < 0.35
Thank you!
BACK UP
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 25
7 - Φ Meson 𝑅55 in A+A
■ Consistent 𝑅55 across collision species 11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 26
�̅�/𝑝 Ratio in A+A
■ �̅�/𝑝 ratio consistent across Cu+Au and Au+Au11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 27
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(pT)
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 28
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3
0-20% 20-40%
4-5 GeV/cT
Trigger p-hadron0p
200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 5-7 GeV/cT
Trigger p]2p + p, 2
p - pAway side [ subtracted4,v3,v2v
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 7-9 GeV/cT
Trigger p
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 9-12 GeV/cT
Trigger p
PH ENIXpreliminary
Nuclear Physics A 956 (2016) 621–624
■ PHENIX 𝜋H − ℎ± IAAresults consistence with ALICE
■ STAR reports noenhancement, but lacks similar kinematic reach in its measurement to PHENIX and ALICE result
𝜋H-Hadron Correlations – IAA(pT)
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 29
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3
0-20% 20-40%
4-5 GeV/cT
Trigger p-hadron0p
200 GeV Au+Au(2010 & 2011)
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 5-7 GeV/cT
Trigger p]2p + p, 2
p - pAway side [ subtracted4,v3,v2v
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 7-9 GeV/cT
Trigger p
(GeV/c)T
assoc p1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AAI
0
1
2
3 9-12 GeV/cT
Trigger p
PH ENIXpreliminary
Nuclear Physics A 956 (2016) 621–624
■ PHENIX 𝜋H − ℎ± IAAresults consistence with ALICE
■ STAR reports no enhancement, but lacks similar kinematic reach in its measurement to PHENIX and ALICE result
Flow Subtraction – Charged Hadron 𝑣M
■ Charged hadron 𝑣M from PHENIX data
■ Measured via event plane method 11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 30
arXiv:1803.01749v1 (2007 data)
Flow Subtraction - 𝜋H 𝑣M
■ Taken from PHENIX data
■ Measured via reaction plane method
■ Higher order harmonics not available11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 31
PRL 105, 142301 2010 (2007 data)2v
0
0.1
0.2
0-10%
(a)
10-20%
(b)
20-30%
(c)
2v
0
0.1
0.2
30-40%
(d)
40-50%
(e)
50-60%
(f)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Rat
io
0.60.8
11.21.4 0-20%(g)
(GeV/c)T
p0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
20-40%
combined2/vMPC
2v combined2/vRXNin
2v
(h)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
40-60%(i)
Flow Subtraction – Acoustic Scaling
■ Have charged hadron 𝑣M for (𝑛 = 2,3,4) from PHENIX results
■ No 𝜋H 𝑣X or 𝑣Y measured at RHIC energies
■ 𝑣M harmonics can be scaled to one another via value 𝑔M11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 32
arXiv:1105.3782v2
𝑔M =𝑣M𝑣> M/>
Flow Subtraction – Acoustic Scaling
■ Can calculate 𝜋H 𝑣X, 𝑣Y by scaling 𝜋H 𝑣> with charged hadron 𝑔M
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 33
arXiv:1105.3782v2
𝑣Mlm = 𝑔MU 𝑣>l
m M/>
arXiv:1105.3782v2
Sample Jet Functions:
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 34
(rad)fD1- 0 1 2 3 4
fD/d
pair
N 0 p1/
N
0.1-
00.10.20.30.40.50.6 1 - 2 GeV/cÄ5 - 7
-H AuAu 200GeV 0p
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 0-20%
-hadron0p8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD1- 0 1 2 3 4
fD/d
pair
N 0 p1/
N
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 3 - 5 GeV/cÄ5 - 7
-H AuAu 200GeV 0p
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 0-20%
-hadron0p8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD1- 0 1 2 3 4
fD/d
pair
N 0 p1/
N
0.2-
0
0.2
0.4
1 - 2 GeV/cÄ7 - 9
-H AuAu 200GeV 0p
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 0-20%
-hadron0p8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD1- 0 1 2 3 4
fD/d
pair
N 0 p1/
N0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25 3 - 5 GeV/cÄ7 - 9
-H AuAu 200GeV 0p
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 0-20%
-hadron0p8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
0—20%𝑣2, 𝑣3, 𝑣4 subtracted
Sample Jet Functions:
11/5/19 Anthony Hodges PHENIX QM2019 35
(rad)fD0 2 4
fD
/dpa
ir d
N0 p
1/N
0
0.2
0.4 1.0-2.0 GeV/cÄ5.0-7.0
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 20-40%
-hadron0p subtracted4,v3,v2v
8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD0 2 4
fD
/dpa
ir d
N0 p
1/N
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 3.0-5.0 GeV/cÄ5.0-7.0
Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 20-40%
-hadron0p subtracted4,v3,v2v
8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD0 2 4
fD
/dpa
ir d
N0 p
1/N
0.2-
0
0.2
0.4
1.0-2.0 GeV/cÄ7.0-9.0 Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 20-40%
-hadron0p
subtracted4,v3,v2v8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
(rad)fD0 2 4
fD
/dpa
ir d
N0 p
1/N
0
0.1
0.2
3.0-5.0 GeV/cÄ7.0-9.0 Au+Au (2010 & 2011)200 GeV 20-40%
-hadron0p subtracted4,v3,v2v
8.8% Scale Uncertainty±
PH ENIXpreliminary
20—40%𝑣2, 𝑣3, 𝑣4 subtracted