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Imunoglobulins – structure and function
Production of immunoglobulins
Genetic determination of immunoglobulin production
Clonal selection theory
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Antigen and epitope
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Molecule of IgG
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Hypervaribale region of immunoglobulin molecule binds epitope of the antigen
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Variable region of immunoglobulin molecule
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Isotype switching
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Clonal selection theory
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© 2005 Elsevier
Activation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes
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Isotype
• The class or subclass of an immunoglobulin.
• Antigenic determinats are on constant part of immunoglobulin molecule.
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Idiotype
• An antigenic determinant on the variable region of a specific antibody.
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Interaction Idiotype-antiidiotype
Shoenfeld Y: Nature Medicine 10, 17 - 18 (2004)
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IgG
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Primary and secondary immune response
gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch001c.htm
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IgM on B-cell membrane
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Expression of surface immunoglobulins on B-cells
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Formation of Secretory IgA
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• Affinity: The strength of the binding between a single site of an antibody (one variable region) and an epitope.
• Avidity: The overall strength of interaction between and antibody and antigen. The avidity depends on affinity and the valency of interactions.
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Antibody affinity
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/rx-2.jpg
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Antibody affinity
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Antibody Avidity
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Biological functions of immunoglobulin molecules
• Activation of complement system (IgG, IgM)• Opsonization (particularly IgG)• Neutralization of antigens (IgG, IgA, IgM)• Adherence interference (IgA, IgG)• Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)• Agglutation, precipitation (IgG, IgM)• Mast cells degranulation (IgE)• Transport through placenta (IgG)• Imunoregulation (mainly IgG)
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Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit5/humoral/5classes/u3fg33a.html