Download - Improving saltbush
![Page 1: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Old man Saltbush Improvementp
Presented by
Ram Nair
![Page 2: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BackgroundSouthern Australia’s agricultural regions are
experiencing a growing trend of variable rainfall and increasing risk of crop failure particularly in the moreincreasing risk of crop failure particularly in the more vulnerable marginal areas.
M t t t i t i li tMost common strategic response to managing climate variability in lower rainfall cropping areas is diversification and maintaining a healthy emphasis on livestock enterprises.
Increasing prominence of livestock industries creates g popportunities for shrub forage species.
Old man Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) is a keyOld man Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) is a key species in productive and resilient grazing systems based on perennials.
![Page 3: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cultivar Development
Development of clonal cultivarOMS is native to Australia and grows naturally in harsh, arid areas. Seed was collected from 600 plants at 27 localities (provenances) aroundwas collected from 600 plants at 27 localities (provenances) around Australia. Comprehensive germplasm collections of OMS were established in SA (Monarto), Condobolin (NSW) and Tammin (WA). - 20,000 plants at each site Sequential selection was conducted for key traits and eliteeach site. Sequential selection was conducted for key traits and elite plants identified for clonal evaluation trials.
Development of seed cultivarSuitable male and female plants identified from the in-situ collections will be utilised for this.be utilised for this.
![Page 4: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Over 80 000 plants screened at 4 locationsp2 subspecies
Originating from 27 sites
![Page 5: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Methodology
Assessment of variability in:
productivity – edible biomass (Adelaide method)
i l f ( h i )animal preference (sheep grazing)
re-growth after grazing
Nutritive value
![Page 6: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Monarto, SA
![Page 7: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Condobolin, NSW
![Page 8: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Tammin, NSW
![Page 9: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results:
Significant variation was observed for edible biomass.
H it bilit f dibl bi 0 15 t 0 21Heritability for edible biomass: 0.15 to 0.21
![Page 10: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What do the animals have to say?What do the animals have to say?
![Page 11: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Grazing plan at Monarto SAGrazing plan at Monarto, SA
25 /ha; 1.8 ha; therefore 45 sheep( Low (rep 1)
( High (rep 1)
25 /ha; 1.8 ha; therefore 45 sheep
50 /ha; 1.8 ha; therefore 90 sheep
( Low (rep 2) 25 /ha; 1.8 ha; therefore 45 sheep
( High (rep 2) 50 /ha; 0.9 ha; therefore 45sheep
Pre-conditioning paddocks
![Page 12: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Grazing preference scoring
Score 1 Score 2 Score 3Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
Score 4 Score 5
![Page 13: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Monarto, SA
- grazing preference by sheep
![Page 14: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Condobolin, NSW - grazing preference by sheep
![Page 15: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Tammin, NSW grazing preference by sheep- grazing preference by sheep
![Page 16: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Results:
A. nummularia ssp nummularia was grazed in preference to A. nummularia ssp spathulata at all sites.
Heritability for grazing preference: 0.26 to 0.62
![Page 17: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Results:
Breeding values were calculated for each individual shrub (20,000 plants at each site) for both
edible biomass and grazing preference for use in index selection.
Based on a selection index for edible biomass and grazing preference by sheep, 1000 plants were short-grazing preference by sheep, 1000 plants were shortlisted at each site.
![Page 18: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Selections within A. nummularia
selection index1 Edible biomass + 1.5 Grazing preference
4550
30354045
ed g
ain
Edible biomass
152025
% P
redi
cte Edible biomass
Grazing preference
05
10%
Monarto Condobolin Tammin
![Page 19: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Saltbush evaluation site at Tammin, NSW –regrowth after grazingregrowth after grazing
![Page 20: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Results:
Based on re-growth after grazing 100 plants were selected at each site for nutritive value analysis- (April 2009).
![Page 21: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nutritive value is the key selection factor
(Marta Monjardino, 2008)
![Page 22: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Predicting organic matter digestibility of shrubs(NIR method)(NIR method)
![Page 23: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Predicted Organic Matter DigestibilityPredicted Organic Matter Digestibility
54.0
55.0
52.0
53.0
OM
D (%
)
50.0
51.0
Pred
icte
d O
47 0
48.0
49.0P
47.0Tammin across all
linesTammin EGG Tammin top 10
![Page 24: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Predicted Organic Matter DigestibilityPredicted Organic Matter Digestibility
54.0
56.0
50.0
52.0
OM
D (%
)
46.0
48.0
Pred
icte
d O
42.0
44.0
P
40.0Condo across all
linesCondo EGG Condo top 10
![Page 25: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Predicted Organic Matter DigestibilityPredicted Organic Matter Digestibility
58.0
56 0
57.0%
)
55.0
56.0ed
OM
D (%
53.0
54.0
Pred
icte
51.0
52.0
Monarto across alllines
Monarto EGG Monarto top 10
![Page 26: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Soluble Ash (% of DM)Soluble Ash (% of DM)
Tammin top 10
Tammin EGG
Monarto EGG
Condo EGG
Monarto top 10
Condo top 10
Condo EGG
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
![Page 27: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
89 elite plants were selected for clonal propagation -(May-June 2009)(May June 2009).
![Page 28: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Clonal propagationClonal propagation
% % striking rate of cuttingscuttings
Range Mean
Monarto 8 93 – 70 34 31 28Monarto 8.93 70.34 31.28
Condobolin 7.69 – 82.41 34.17
Tammin 9.59 – 85.80 46.91
EGG control 69.80
A. spathulatha control
8.02
![Page 29: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Clonal evaluation trial
Replicated trials of the 89 selected clones and the two controls (EGG + spath) were planted at Monartocontrols (EGG + spath) were planted at Monarto (SA), Dareton (NSW) and Tammin (WA) in spring 2009.
D i l At h it 2184 l t (91 8 3)Design – row column – At each site 2184 plants (91x 8 x 3)
Data on dry matter production, animal preference and nutritive value will be collected. These trials will help to identify the best clone(s) for potential commercial release as cultivar(s) by 2011.( ) y
![Page 30: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Clonal trial at Monarto, SA
![Page 31: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Clonal trial at Dareton, NSW
![Page 32: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Seed Cultivar development
Old man saltbush plant is dioecious (female and male plants).
Hybridisation nurseries are being established in SAHybridisation nurseries are being established in SA.Hybrid lines will be developed for testing with the direct-seeding method (by 2012).
![Page 33: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Industry use Plan - Market Potentialy
The market potential for Old man saltbush in Australia and overseas is extensive.
However, two major impediments to the uptake of new saltbush plantings in Australia are: 1) cost of seedlings and
2) the risk of unsuccessful establishment2) the risk of unsuccessful establishment.
Reduced planting incentives from the government may also limit uptake. (Survey by Dr Anna Dutkiewicz, Adoption Manager FFI CRC)(Su ey by a ut e c , dopt o a age C C)
Currently the major plantings of saltbush is by seedlings.
Cost of planting saltbush seedlings can vary between $650 to 850 per ha, in contrast direct seeding can cost between $150 to 185 per hain contrast direct seeding can cost between $150 to 185 per ha.
![Page 34: Improving saltbush](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062615/547c9cc45906b548378b457a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements:
Hayley Norman, CSIROAllan Rintoul, CSIROPeter Jessop, NSW DPIp,Eric Bailey, NSW DPIMerv Tucker, DWLBCGlenn Gale, DWLBC
Richard Mazanec, DEC; WAMike Bennell, formerly DWLBCDavid McKenna formerly DWLBC
Glenn Gale, DWLBC
Ed Barrett-Lennard, DAFWAJoe Jacobs DPI Vic David McKenna, formerly DWLBCJoe Jacobs, DPI Vic