Importance  of  IP  Peering

Yoshiki  Ishida  Japan  Internet  Exchange,  Co.,  Ltd.

Agenda

Ø Fundamentals  of  IX  and  peering  ü IX  ü Peering  

Ø The  Current  Status  of  IX  and  Peering  ü Change  of  the  Internet  ü IX  and  Peering  

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Fundamentals  of  IX  and  peering

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What  is  IX? Ø  DefiniGon  of  IX  Point  

(by  euro-­‐ix)  A  physical  network  infrastructure  operated  by  a  single  enGty  with  the  purpose  to  facilitate  the  exchange  of  Internet  traffic  between  Autonomous  Systems.  The  number  of  Autonomous    Systems  connected  should  at  least  be  three  and  there  must  be  a  clear  and  open  policy  for  others  to  join.    

Ø  IX  is  a  system  composed  by  Layer  2  switches.  

 

Ø  Every  parGes’  routers  are  connected  to  the  switches.

AS

AS

AS

AS

3

A  Typical  Structure  of  the  Internet  in  a  Textbook

ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

Global  Tier-­‐1  

NaGonal  Backbone  Provider

Local  Access  Provider

Customer  (Consumer/OrganizaGon)

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

4

-­‐Transit-­‐  “Transit”  has  an  upstream    and  a  downstream,  then  the  traffic  from/to  the  la\er  and  its  customers  are  carried  by  the  former  to/from  the  rest  of  the  Internet  with  payment  from  the  downstream.    

-­‐Peering-­‐  Traffic  between  two  parGes  and  their  customers  are  exchanged  by  using  “peering.”  Useless  traffic  to  the  upstream  decreases  by  exchanging  traffic  with  peering,  and  their  transit  cost  can  be  reduced.   5  

Transit  and  Peering  

IX

The  Internet  

ISP-B

user   user   user   user  user  user   user   user  

ISP-D ISP-C

ISP-A

Peering Ø  Types  of  Peering  

ü  LocaGon  •  Pubic  Peer  •  Private  Peer  

ü  Payment  •  Free  Peer  •  Paid  Peer  

Ø  Peering  Agreement  ü  Bi-­‐lateral  Peering  Agreement  

•  An  one-­‐to-­‐one  agreement  between  two  parGes  about  peering.  ü MulG-­‐lateral  Peering  Agreement(MLPA)  

•  MulG-­‐lateral  peering  is  peering  negoGated  and  established  between  potenGally  many  parGes.  

•  A  MulG-­‐Lateral  Peering  Agreement  is  signed  at  exchange  points  that  support  mulG-­‐lateral  peering.

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IX  and  Peering

Ø Role  of  IX  Providers  for  peering  ü IX  provides  a  point  for  peering  and  exchanging  traffic.  ü IX  providers  make  arrangements  for  communicaGons  on  peering  between  customers.  

ü IX  providers  supply  addiGonal  funcGon  for  peering,  e.g.  Route  Server,  Route  Monitor,  and  Traffic  Viewer.  

ü Some  IX  providers  support  a  private  peering  between  their  customers,  for  example  by  providing  cabling  services.  

ü IX  is  the  place  for  coordinaGon  and  cooperaGon  between  various  parGes  of  the  Internet.  

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The  Current  Status  of  IX  and  Peering

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The  Current  Structure  of  the  Internet

ISP ISP ISP

ISP

Global  Tier-­‐1  NaGonal  Backbone  

Local  Access  Provider Mobile

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

ISP

Customer  (Consumer/OrganizaGon)

Hyper  Giants

9

The  Current  Structure  of  the  Internet

ISP ISP ISP

ISP

Global  Tier-­‐1  NaGonal  Backbone  

Local  Access  Provider Mobile

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

ISP

Customer  (Consumer/OrganizaGon)

Hyper  Giants

Contents

Eyeball

Traffic

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Contents  and  Eyeball  JPIX  Case Ø The  traffic  share  of  top  10  customers  of  JPIX  

with  140  parGes.

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IX Switch

Contents Side

OUT 50.6%

Eyeball Side

IN 40.3%

OUT 14.0%

IN 7.7%

Merits  of  using  IX  

Ø Exchanging  Traffic  at  IX  Points  ü High  Bandwidth  ü Low  Latency  ü Cost  Efficiency  ü Direct  RelaGonship  

Ø Peering  with  Internet  Infrastructure  such  as  root  servers  

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ISP ISP

Internet

Peering

IX

DNS  root  server

The  Importance  of  IX

Ø  The  importance  of  IX  is  equal  to  the  importance  of  peering  and  exchanging  traffic  locally.  

Ø  Related  AcGviGes  ü WCIT/ITR  

•  31E  3.7  Member  States  should  create  an  enabling  environment  for  the  implementaGon  of  regional  telecommunicaGon  traffic  exchange  points,  with  a  view  to  improving  quality,  increasing  the  connecGvity  and  resilience  of  networks,  fostering  compeGGon  and  reducing  the  costs  of  internaGonal  telecommunicaGon  interconnecGons.    

ü  OECD  Paper  •  Internet  Traffic  Exchange  Market  Developments  and  Policy  Challenges,  OECD  

Digital  Economy  Papers  No.  207  h\p://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-­‐en  

ü  ISOC  IXP  Toolkit  •  “The  Internet  Society  was  awarded  a  grant  to  extend  its  Internet  exchange  

point  (IXP)  acGviGes  in  emerging  markets  and  developing  countries.”  h\p://www.ixptoolkit.org/  

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Ecosystem  for  Peering Ø  AddiGonal  fee  for  peering  are  mainly  port  charges  for  IX  providers.    Ø  Peering  are  lower  in  cost  than  transit.  Ø  Payment  for  peering  

ü  Eyeball  side  •  Local  access  providers  pay  for  construcGon  of  consumer  network.  •  Without  contents,    nobody  uses  access  network.  

ü  Contents  side  •  Contents  distributers  pay  for  the  contents  and  network  for  delivering.  •  Without  users,  no  content  delivered.  

Ø  Free  peering  is  an  advantage  for  all  the  parGes.  ü  The  majority  of  content-­‐to-­‐end-­‐user  flows  should  be  free.  ü  For  all  the  parGes,  peering  is  good  tool  for  promoGon  to  their  

customers.

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IX  and  Regulators

Ø Regulators  should  take  neutral  stance  to  peering  if  domesGc  compeGGve  environment  for  their  IP  network  have  been  developed,  ü To  support  growth  and  evoluGon  of  the  Internet  industry.  

Ø Regulators  may  support  coordinaGon  and  cooperaGon  among  parGes.  

Ø Regulators  may  support  IX  and  intervene  peering  only  if  their  IP  network  is  under  developing  and  compeGGve  environment  is  poor.      

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IX  Status  Global

Ø  105  Countries  415  IXPs  ü  IX  is  now  increasing  day  by  day.  

Ø  Tier  of  IX  ü  Global  IX  ü  Regional  IX    ü  NaGonal  IX  ü  Local  IX  

Ø  Types  of  IX  ü  A  not-­‐for-­‐profit  independent  

organizaGon,  ü  A  consorGum  of  ISPs,  ü  A  commercial  company,  ü  An  Academic  and  research  project  ü  A  government  agency,  ü  An  informal  associaGon  of  

networks  

Ø  IX  Community  ü  Euro-­‐IX  

•  First  and  Largest  IX  Community.  •  Formed  in  2001  

ü  APIX  ü  LACIX  ü  AFRIX  ü  IX-­‐F  

Ø  Development  of  NaGonal  IX  Points  ü  Some  countries  develop  IX  Points  

by  themselves.  ü  Some  Global  IX  Providers  foster  IX  

Points  in  underdeveloped  regions.  ü  Bo\om  –up  approach  tend  to  be  a  

shortcut  to  success.  

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IX  Status  Asia-­‐Pacific  Region

Ø  APIX“Asia-­‐Pacific  Internet  Exchange”  ü  An  associaGon  of  Internet  Exchange  

Providers  in  Asia-­‐-­‐-­‐Pacific  region.  ü  just  like  Euro-­‐IX  in  Europe  

Ø  ObjecGves  ü  To  share  informaGon  about  technical,  

operaGonal,  and  business  issues  and  soluGons  regarding  Internet  Exchange.  

Ø  APIX  was  established  in  2010  under  the  support  of  APNIC  

Ø  APNIC’s  support  for  APIX  ü  Engineering  assistance  for  organizaGons  

needed.  ü  APNIC  is  in  a  good  posiGon  to  

encourage  on  facilitate  to  share  knowledge  and  experience  among  IX  points  in  the  region.    

Ø  Members:  16  IXPs  from  12  economies  ü  BDIX(BD)  ü  HKIX(HK)  ü  BBIX,  DIX-­‐IE,  JPIX,  JPNAP(JP)  ü  KINX(KR)  ü  IIX(ID)  ü  NIXI(IN)  ü  MyIX(MY)  ü  NP-­‐IX(NP)  ü  NZIX(NZ)  ü  SGIX,SOX(SG)  ü  VNIX(VN)  ü  Equinix(US,  HK,  JP,  AU)  

Ø  Contact:  ü  sc(at)apix.asia  

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IX  Status  Japan

Ø Commercial  IX  Providers:  3  ü JPIX  ü JPNAP(Internet  MulGfeed)  

ü BBIX  Ø Academic-­‐based  IX  Providers:  1  ü DIX-­‐IE(WIDE  Project)  

Ø Global  IX  Providers:  1  ü Equinix  

Ø Traffic  at  IX  in  Japan  ü 20%  to  EsGmated  Total  Traffic  in  Japan  are  exchanged  at  IX  points  according  to  the  report  from  MIC.  

ü Traffic  between  huge  telecom  carriers  are  exchanged  by  using  private  peers.

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Thank  you!

Yoshiki  Ishida  Ishida(at)jpix.ad.jp