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Implementing Web Implementing Web Applications as Social Applications as Social Machines Composition: a Machines Composition: a Case StudyCase Study
Kellyton Brito, Lenin Otero, Patrícia Muniz, Leandro Nascimento, Vanilson Burégio, Vinicius Garcia, Silvio Meira
Federal University of Pernambuco – UFPE, Recife - Brazil
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco – UFRPE, Recife – Brazil
C.E.S.A.R, Recife, PE, Brazil
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AgendaAgenda
• Motivation
• The Emerging Web of Social Machines
• The Case Study
– Definition
– Planning
– Operation
– The analysis and interpretation
• Conclusions and Future Works
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Computing Means Connecting Wade Roush (2006)
Web 3.0
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Computing Computing meansmeans CONNECTINGCONNECTING
ConnectingConnecting MachinesMachines
Running Services
In an EcossystemEcossystem
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Software Development and WebSoftware Development and Web
• Native characteristics of the web
– A caotic place: mix of business, research, government, social, and individual interests
– Anarchic architecture: unstructured data , thousands of simple, small-scale interactions between agents and resources, unreliable parts, etc
• It is necessary to create new mental models of such a web as a platform to provide a common and coherent conceptual basis for the understanding of this innovative phase of software development
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Social Machine (SM) Social Machine (SM) –– TheThe conceptconcept
• We have been trying to explain the web in terms of conectable entities called Social Machines
– SM = <Rel, WI, Req, Resp, S, Const, I, P, O>
• SM is a mental model to help us in designing and developing of web-based applications that are supposed to be “sociable”
• “Sociable applications”
– Take advantage of their environment (consider the existing available services) and publish their capabilities to other applications
– Designed and built to be networked with other appplications and services
– Simplify the combination and reuse of existing services
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Social MachinesSocial Machines
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Social Machine is a web unit defined by
the tuple:
SM = <Rel, WI, Req, Resp, S, Const, I, P, O>
A Social Machine (SM) receives requests (Req) from other
SM’s and returns responses (Resp). The requests are
converted to inputs (I) for a processing unit (P), which has
states (S) and produces outputs (O). In addition, there are
rules that define relationships (R) with other SMs, under
a specific set of constraints (Const).
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Case Study DefinitionCase Study Definition
• Is it possible to implement an application which uses many API’s of many domains using SM’s model?
• What are the main benefits, difficulties and challenges?
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Planning (Main Points)Planning (Main Points)
• Null Hypothesis – H0’: it is not possible to design and implement the application
according to Social Machines model; – H0’’: there are no benefits in implementing the application
according to Social Machines model; – H0’’’: there are difficulties and challenges in implementing the
application according to Social Machines model;
• Variables – Independent: SM’s Model and Documentation; – Dependent: Feasibility of implementation, benefits, dificulties
and chalenges; – Control: Comparison with other projects
• Analysis Criteria – Qualitative analysis of documentation and code, and discussion
with guest specialists;
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Operation Operation –– Application DevelopedApplication Developed
• Requirements: Application which help people to gather information about nearby places
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Application ArchitectureApplication Architecture
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Social Machine DefinitionSocial Machine Definition
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ScreenshotScreenshot
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Analysis and InterpretationAnalysis and Interpretation
• Qualitative Analisys
– Documentation analisys
– Discussion with guests specialists in web API’s, Cloud Computing and Software Architecture
• H0’: it is not possible to design and implement the application according to Social Machines model
– Rejected: Application was designed and implemented in full compliance with its requirements and with the SMs model
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Case Study ResultsCase Study Results
• H0’’: there are no benefits in implementing the application according to Social Machines model
– Rejected
– Benefits on the design phase
– Modularity and abstraction
– Encapsulating and external API’s usage centralized in the wrapper interface
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Case Study ResultsCase Study Results
• H0’’’: there are difficulties and challenges in implementing the application according to Social Machines model
– No Rejected
– Difficulties to define external SM’s • No access to information about them
• Creation of two classes: Internal and External SM’s
– Difficulties to describe SM’s
– Need a Social Machine controller • To manage what SM’s choose (for ex.: Foursquare or Google
Places), using QoS, charges of API access, service status, etc
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Conclusions and Future WorkConclusions and Future Work
• This work offers a new perspective on software development on the Web – it can collaborate to the process of providing a unifying
vision to describe web based information systems and could be a practical way of dealing with the complexity of this emerging web
• It’s possible to use SM’s to develop applications that
uses several API’s • Simple application
– More case studies needed – More application domains
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Conclusions and Future WorkConclusions and Future Work
• The Research Framework overlaps several areas – Semantic web; cloud computing; SOA; XaaS; Software Reuse
and so on…
• Some topics
– Social Machine Controller – An architectural framework – Quality attributes – An algebra to describe its connections and conditionals – ...
• People as Social Machines – Using this concept to create Social Machines wich represent
people and their relationship with other people or systems?
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Implementing Web Applications as Social Machines Composition: a Case Study
• Thank you!
Kellyton Brito Informatic Center – Federal University of Pernambuco
Acknowledgments
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