Download - IITA’s Social Science & Agribusiness R4D Agenda, 2012-2020: Update on Implementation and Way Forward
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IITA’s Social Science & Agribusiness R4D Agenda, 2012-2020:
Update on Implementation and Way Forward
2016 P4D Week Ibadan, 21 November 2016
www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• People at the epicentre of all development initiatives (UN/SDGs, AU/Agenda 2063, CGIAR, CAADP, etc.)
• Innovations and innovation processes from aR4D done through people & for people
• Therefore aR4D requires a social context to ensure its relevance
• Thus the need for research in social science and agribusiness
Why Social Science & Agribusiness?
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• Vision: Reliable source of knowledge for social science to guide innovation processes in Africa
• Mission: To generate high quality research outputs in SS&Agribiz to guide aR4D, institutional and policy innovation processes for impact
• Strategic goal: Improving smallholders’ agric productivity, competitiveness and nutrition in Africa through strategic & applied research in social science
Vision, Mission & Goals
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SS&Agribiz R4D: Guiding Framework
Ex ante impact(Priority setting, Baseline studies, Foresight modeling)
Evaluation(technical, economic,social, environmental)
Adoption(Gender disaggregated))
Ex post impact(e.g. KPI-Poverty)
Situation Analysis
TECHNOLOGY GENERATION(Germplasm, SLU, Posthvst, IPM, IP..)
SCALING OUT DISSEMINATION(Pilot level)
SCALING UPDISSEMINATION(Large-scale)
Policies, Institutions, Markets
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Objective # Short title Long titleObjective 1 Ex-ante
impact evaluation
Agricultural research priorities defined through ex ante impact evaluation of research and technology options
Objective 2 Rural livelihoods
Improved understanding of the social, cultural, gender and economic dynamics and determinants of rural livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty
Objective 3 Gender Improved understanding of gender differentiated end-user preferences and the extent, determinants, and pathways of adoption of technological innovations for guiding technology development and delivery efforts
Objective 4 Input&Output markets, Policy
Alternative institutional arrangements and policy options relating to technology delivery, input supply, and output markets identified and advocated for increased market participation and commercialization among the agribusiness actors, especially the poor and the marginalized
Objective 5 Targeting Improved targeting of agricultural research and the resulting innovations through geographic and social scaling for increased benefits to the vulnerable;
Objective 6 Ex post impact assessment
New methods of ex post assessment developed, and poverty, nutrition, food security, and environmental impact of agricultural research documented for accountability and learning
Six inter-related objectives
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Update on Implementation
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Objective 1: Ex ante impact assessment and foresight modeling (linked to PIM and other CRPs)
Outcomes• Setting priorities through assessment of potential impact among
alternative options under scarcity of resources• Strategic research on future plausible scenarios through foresight modelling• Food consumption and patterns of major staples• Improved design of projects through identification of constraints
and opportunities
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Highlight 1: Tools developed and application to soybean in SSA
- Tools: develop accurate ‘base’ results for IITA’s mandate crops- Application to soybean under climate change in SSA
BaseTech
Dbl-Yld-Area-Proc-100%
Dbl-Yld-Area-Proc
Dbl-Yld-Area
Dbl-Area
Dbl-Yld
Dbl-Proc0
2000400060008000
10000120001400016000
280290300310320330340350360
Production 2050 Consumption 2050 People at risk 2050
Soyb
ean
in S
SA u
nder
clim
ate
chan
ge (
000
MT)
Peop
le a
t risk
of h
unge
r in
SSA
unde
r clim
ate
chan
ge (
mil.
)
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Highlight 2 – Strategic Assessment of RTB Research Priorities
Technology Poverty Reduction Economic Benefits and Rates of Return
Lower adoption(millions)
Higher adoption(millions)
Lower adoption Higher adoptionNPV(US$
million)IRR(%)
NPV(US$
million)IRR(%)
High-yielding varieties with resistance to major diseases 1 2.01 1,189 57 2,408 69High-yielding varieties with high dry matter and starch 1.27 2.54 2,143 71 4,345 89High-yielding varieties with longer shelf life 0.84 1.69 1,167 44 2,386 53High-yielding, drought-tolerant varieties and increased water-use efficiency 2 4.03 3,025 61 6,127 73Sustainable crop and soil fertility management practices 2.66 5.36 8,284 210 16,743 301Integrated pest and disease management practices, including resistant varieties 1.18 2.38 3,732 60 7,625 71Efficient and massive high-quality planting material production and distr. systems 2.1 4.22 7,585 416 15,299 641Processing technologies for value addition 0.92 1.85 3,345 120 6,768 158
• Steps for strategic assessment (global): agro-ecologies and targeting; constraint analysis; identify research options; quantify model parameters; estimate research impacts; and communication of findings
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Objective 2: Innovation systems, rural livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty
Outcome: Improved understanding of the social,
cultural, gender and economic dynamics and determinants of rural
livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty
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Highlight 1: RAAIS for identifying entry points for innovation
Where to invest to have highest (development impact) return on investment?
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Interactions
MFG alone
- - - MFG – NGO ext.
…. MFG – Gov’t ext.
_…_ MFG – CIALCA
Highlight 2: MFG and adoption of innovations
Adoption lag against MFG in GLR (Ainembabazi et al. Agric Econ, 2016)
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Objective 3: Gender differentiated end-user preferences & adoption of technological, institutional & policy innovations
An extension agent with a group of female farmers
Outcomes• Gender differentiated identification of technology, technology characteristics and traits • Gender disaggregated consumers acceptance studies• Gender differentiated technology uptake, and spill over pathways across development domains• Uptake of innovations and role of postharvest processing, product development and others
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Formation of the IITA Gender Scientists’ Network. It will strengthen IITA’s gender mainstreaming and research capacity.
Currently it has 11 PhD holders (8 female and 3 male) composed of qualitative and quantitative social scientists:
3 anthropologists, 2 agricultural economists, 1 rural sociologist, 1 geographer, 2 political scientists, 1 PhD in environmental and natural resource management, 1 PhD in a combined discipline of rural sociology and
agricultural science (agronomy and plant physiology) This enhances IITA’s profile in mixed methods research that has
distinct advantages and is becoming more and more common in the CG system.
Highlight 1: ITA Genders Scientists’ Network
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Capacity development Trainings are carried out in West, East and
Southern Africa to improve IITA scientists and partners gender capacity
Several gender training manuals have been developed or are being developed (for IITA in general, SARD-SC, Africa RISING)
Postgraduate students in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria
Video production• in Sierra Leone by a multidisciplinary teamLink: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ev7tEm-_K6MTRja1lEVTlPX0U/view?usp=sharing
Highlight 2 on Gender
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• Many adoption studies across the 4 hubs• All KPI-Poverty studies have adoption rates embedded• DIVA Book published with a chapter on adoption of IITA crops in Africa
Highlight 3: Adoption studies
Indicator
Adoption category
Adopters(N=517)
No adopters(N=296)
Adoption status (Adopter=1) 0.64 0.36
Poverty indicators Headcount index 0.62 0.82 Poverty gap index 0.30 0.49 Poverty severity index 0.18 0.34
Consumption expenditures ($/capita/day) 1.42 0.87
Example: Adoption of maize varieties and impact in Zambia (Khonje et al. Word Development. 2015)
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Market linkages for product marketingand technology adoption
Outcomes• Value chains actors of input and output markets improve their investment in value chains• Policy makers influenced by findingsfrom research• New products with added value • Price analysis • Tools and methodologies in value • chain analysis• Standards for products developed
Objective 4: Agricultural input & output marketing systems, farmer organizations & agribusiness management, policies
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Drivers of Market Participation Decisions among Small-scale Farmers in Yam Growing Areas of Nigeria and Ghana
Key Research QuestionWhat are the market factors that drive the modernization of the yam sector in West Africa?
Key TakeawayNon-price variables (institutional factors and productivity) play a significant role in determining yam market participation decisions.
Policy ImplicationPolicies that reduce transactions costs and induce farmers to commercialize could be critical alternatives to policies based on price to promote a marketed surplus by yam farmers and thereby poverty alleviation
(Mignouna et al. Tropicultura, forthcoming)
Highlight 1: Market studies
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• Production of 11 Technical Policy Papers to inform policy formulation for aflatoxin control in EAC
• Production of policy briefs
• Engaging policy makers at various levels: AUC, country, district levels
Highlight 3: Policy Advocacy
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Objective 5:Targeting: geographic and social scaling of innovations
Outcomes• Better targeting of technologies through geo-spatial analysis of development domains and production systems• Large-scale adoption of technologies through
strategies for technology out-scaling and up-scaling from pilot areas to larger domains for impact
• Policy processes and policy advocacy
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Highlight 1: GIS guiding interventions
Map of maize production overlaid with that of poverty incidence in Nigeria
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Donor
Beneficiary(Smallholder)
1. IITA to operate with national agricultural research institutions
2. Work with development projects and programs to leverage experiences (e.g. NAFAKA project, MVIWATA, FIPS-Africa, RUDI, NGOs)
3. Leverage resources within IITA Sister Projects (e.g. Africa RISING and N2Africa)
4. Deepen work with districts local governments
5. Communication and coordination
Scaling model – Principles (Example of AR Tanzania)
Achievement 2: Social scaling
Research
Development Common mandate
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Indicator 2016 target 2016 Achievement % change
1. Number of households who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of the scaling model
9400 12943 130%
2. Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of the scaling model
13,000 10,345 80%
Africa RISING in Tanzania
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AgResults Aflasafe Pilot in Nigeria
Parameters 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016
Number of implementers 4 9 16Number of farmers 1,015 3,271 6,279Treated area (ha) 1,457 4,998 6,601Maize aggregated for sale (tons) 2,031 7,220 9,368Samples with <4 ppb AF (%) (n = 660) 99.0% (n = 232) 93% (n = 268) 95%
Return on Investment (ROI)(-28 to 510%)
mean 210%(71 to 1,674%)
mean 489%(21 to 3,018%)
mean 542 %Aflasafe maize kept for family 46% 20.3% 25.8%
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Objective 6: Ex-post impact evaluation (especially on poverty, food security, nutrition, NRM)
Outcomes• Framework and methodologies for IA• Assess the impact of aR4D on CI, NRM, IPM and PH• Assess C/B of genetic resource conservation • Tracking IITA’s contribution to poverty reduction (#people lifted out of poverty)Quasi-experimental impact
evaluation framework
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Highlight 1: Framework and methods
Advanced econometric models of ex post impact assessment adapted and applied to assessment of IITA technologies and policy interventions on food security, poverty
DNA techniques combined with household/farm level data to improve adoption rates of crop technologies
Methods developed and applied in estimating the number of poor lifted out of poverty, thus allowing to track the contribution of IITA technologies towards poverty reduction
Framework and methodologies for epIA
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Highlight 2: Tracking KPI-Poverty over Time
2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20200
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
11600000
9961379
7281379
5061379
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Databases
Large-scale cross-sectional datasets on gendered data on production, adoption, food consumption, nutrition, and poverty for:
- Cassava: SARD-SC, CMS/Nigeria, SPIA/Nigeria - Maize: SARD-SC, SIMLEZA/Zambia, DTM/Nigeria- Yam: BMGF Yam/Nigeria and Ghana- NRM: CIALCA/ GLR, AR/Ghana, DTM/Nigeria- Etc.
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The way Forward:
We have done well in the past
We can do better in the future
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• Goal• Vision• Strategic objective
No change
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Justification• Expansion in staff (and qualitative social scientists)
• New opportunities: TAAT, Youth, mechanization, etc
• Learning from the 4 years experience: synergies between current Obj 2 and part of Obj 5
about social scaling of technologies; synergies between Obj 6 and Obj 3 closeness of approaches used in Obj 1 (ex-ante)
and Obj 5 about geographic targeting
Make change to Structure of the Strategy
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Proposed changes• Merge Obj 1 and part of Obj 5 about geographic targeting ===== Group 1• Merge Obj 2 and part of Obj 5about social scaling of technologies ===== Group 2• Maintain Obj 4 as stand alone ====== Group 3 • Merge Obj 6 and Obj 3 ===== Group 4
Make change (Cont)
Refreshed Strategy 2017-2020The four groups (if accepted) will translate into new objectives of the Refreshed Social Science and Agribusiness Research for Development Agenda 2017-2020
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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Working Groups
GROUP 1 (Obj 1 & part of Obj 5)
GROUP 2 (Obj 2 & part of Obj 5)
GROUP 3 (Objective 4)
GROUP 4 (Objective 6 & 3)
Alene, Arega Bamba Zoumana Abass, Adebayo Adetonah, Sounkoura
Coulibaly, Ousmane Hillbur, Per Abdoulaye, TahirouAmpadu-Boakye Theresa
Gbegbelegbe, Sika Kotu, Bekele Adeoti, Razack Assfaw, TesfamichealManda, Julius Mignouna, Djana Akande, Adebowale Bullock, ReneeNcho Simon Muthoni, Francis Ampaire Edidah Dontsop, PaulNgwira, Robert Ojiako, Ifeanyi Baars Edward Feleke, ShiferawNwafor Manson Schut, Marc Diallos, Thierno Fisher, GundulaTaondyande, Maurice Sseguya Haroon Djouake, Rousseau Gaya, HyeladiVayssieres, Jean Francois Tufa, Adane Kingi, Stephen Manyong, VictorYade Mbaye Gichohi, Wanjiku Okechukwu, Richardson Nkengla Lilian Wopong
Pali Pamela Tegbaru, AmareTarawali, GbasseyYami, MastewalBoom Jaap