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Chemistry of Inonotus obliquus(Chaga mushrooms)
Dr. Mukund JhaOrganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
Nipissing University
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Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory at Nipissing University
Medicinal Chemistry Synthetic Chemistry
Green Chemistry Natural Products
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Dr Jack Hay Dr Jean-Marc Moncalvo
Medicinal Mushrooms
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)
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Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Phellinus linteus Boletus edulis
Medicinal Mushrooms
Dr. Xiaocui ZhaoPostdoctoral
Fellow
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o Distributed at latitudes of 45°N-50°N (Western
Siberia, North America, Finland, Poland, China,
Japan, etc.)
o A parasitic wild mushroom
o Grows on Birch and other trees (living trees)
o A polysopre fungus (unique structure)
o Highly dry mushroom and dense in nutrients
o Disease fighting powerhouse (often called as
king of mushrooms or miracle mushroom)
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga Mushroom)
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Used since 16th century in Russia and eastern Europe as food as well as medicine for gastritis, ulcers, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, digestive system, TB, skin eczemas, blood pressure
o Drunk as hot teao Burned and smoke breathed in for lung and pneumonia disorderso Combined with tobacco and smoked
Limonnik Ltd, Vladivostok, Russia
Medicinal properties of chaga
o Antioxidant activityo Anticancer activityo Immunomodulating activityo Hypoglycaemic activityo Antiviral activityo Anti-inflammatory activity
Recent Scientific Studies
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Chung et al., Nut. Res. Pract. 2010, 4, 177
In vitro and In vivo anticancer activity using subfractions of Chaga
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Chemical Composition of Chaga
Mainly contains phenolic compounds (polyphenols) including melanins, lanostane-type triterpenes, benzoic acid derivatives and antioxidant enzymes
Zheng et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2010, 87, 1237
Anticancer compounds (representative examples)
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Zheng et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2010, 87, 1237
Anticancer/Antiviral compounds
Antioxidants/Analgesics
Chemical Composition of Chaga
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Chaga from Ontario
o Abundantly found in forests of Northern Ontario
o Medicinal and commercial potential of Ontario chaga have been largely unexplored
Our Goals
o Study the genetic variability of chaga
o Activity guided extractions
o Compare the regional chaga with Siberian chaga and other relevant food extracts (e.g. blueberries and shiitake mushroom)
o Commercialization potential
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Activity Guided Fractionations
Water
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Active Extract(s)
Extraction
Finer FractionationsUsing various
chromatographic methods
Active Fraction(s)
MethanolDichloromethaneHexane
Dried chaga
Soxhlet extraction
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HPLC GC-MS
NMR
Infrastructure at Nipissing
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DPPH assay (Antioxidant)
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(highly colored)
antioxidant
Bioassays
Drosophila melanogaster assay (the fruit fly assay) in collaboration with Dr. Tony Parkes (Nipissing University)
SOD-1 Null mutantso Dramatically reduced lifespano Display pathological syndrome similar to
age-related diseases in humans
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Market Opportunity and Benefit to Ontario
o Market demand for nutraceuticals in Canada - $1-2 billion/year
o Chaga nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce healthcare expenditures
o May serve as a substitute of pharmaceuticals
o Will boost Northern Ontario’s natural resources sector
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Acknowledgements
Current Group Members Past Group Members