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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Country Report - Sweden
Presented by Peter Axegård, STFI-Packforsk
Second IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Meeting4/5 October 2007, Vienna, Austria
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction
• Large forest products industry– employs 100 000 people– has a turnover of EUR 23 billion– export value: EUR 12 billion, 15 % of total – 4 % of Swedish GDP
• Forest are the main bioenergy resource• Total energy turnover 630 TWh/y
– 120 TWh from biomass mainly wood• Basically all stemwood and forestry residues are used• Strong public and political interest in bioenergy
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction
Pulp and papermills 10 Mt/45 TWh
5.5 Mt/26 TWh
22 TWh
Saw mills
Energy production
Pulp and paper
Board and sawn products
Energy
ProcessPulpwood
Stemwood Saw timber
28 Mt/140 TWh 13 Mt 64 TWh
Fuel
2 Mt 11 TWh
13 Mt 64 TWh
Chips
Waste
4.2 Mt 21 TWh
2 Mt 11 TWh
In total
28 Mt 28 Mt 140 TWh140 TWh
Out total
15 Mt15 Mt93 TWh93 TWh
Stemwood for material and energySweden 1997
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
1. Introduction
0
25
50
75
100
125
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Fellings
Growth
Million m3sk (forest cubic metres)
Source: National Forest Survey, National Board of Forestry
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”Source: FAO
Timber stock in m3 per inhabitant
374327
50 356
Finland Sweden GermanyFrance Great Britain
1. Introduction
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Current national biomass use
• Wood to pulp/paper/solid wood products and energy• Increased competetion for wood from energy sector• Annual plants to food and feed and some energy• Total energy turnover 630 TWh/y - 120 TWh from
biomass mainly wood• Biomass energy, TWh
– 1970 43– 1980 48– 1990 67– 2000 91– 2005 112
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Current national biomass use
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Biomass-related national policy goals
• Eliminate mineral oil (Oil Commission 2007) by 2020• EU directive on renewable transportation fuels• 5 % etoh blend in gasoline
• Instruments– Promotion of renewable transportation fuels
– Green certificates
– CO2- allowances
– CO2-taxes
– Tax on ”non green” cars in Stockholm
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesFood industry 1. (sugar, starch, oleochemistry, bioethanol, biodiesel, …)
KW/ideseminarium-060913 - 4
Norrköping, Lantmännen Agroetanol 55 milj L2008 +150 milj L
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPrimary agricultural sector
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesNon-food Industry (materials, products, …)
• Energy recovery from organic waste is standard practice
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 1 (tall oil)
• Production about 200 000 tonnes/year in Sweden
• Fatty- and resin acids are separated– (Bergvik kemi, Arizona Chemical Company)
• Fatty- and resin acid fractions r aw material for paint, sizing etc
• Can also be used as high quality fuel
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 2 (bio-diesel)
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 3 (example of district heating)
Koncernstab Miljö/Energi
Energitinget 2007/11
Södra deliveries of district heat from pulp mills
• Karlshamn
• Mörrum
• Varberg
• Mönsterås
• Torsås
• Kinda
GWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Prognos
GWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Prognos
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 4 (example of electricity from pulp mills)
Södra Cell invests in new turbinesMörrum 23 MW (CHP) - 2005 Värö 50 MW (CHP) - 2006Mönsterås 40 MW (condensing power) - 2006
Total investment ~580 MSEK ( approx 55 M€)
Generation …………….. 1800 GWhInternal use………………. 1400 GWhTo grid…………..…….. 400 GWh
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 5 (ethanol)
KW/ideseminarium-060913 - 4
SEKAB, Örnsköldsvik13.000 tonnes/y from sulfite spent liquor
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPower and Heat Production Industry
• District heating about 50 TWh/y – 41TWh/y from biomass• Rapid increase as many private homes convert from oil
and electricity
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects
1. FRAM2, 2006 – 2008
2. BLG 2, 2007- 2010
3. Ethanol program, 2007-2010
4. EU FP6, WaCheUp, 2005-2008
5. CHRISGAS, 2004-2009
6. Cluster Biorefinery, 2005-2008
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 1
FRAM2-program (Future Resource Adopted Mill)
Coordinator STFI-Packforsk
Duration: 2006-2008, Budget: 8 M€
Financing: Swedish Energy Agency and industry
Partners: STFI-Packforsk, Chalmers University of Technology, Lunds TechnicalUniversity, ÅF, Södra Cell, Stora Enso, Weyerhaeuser, Fortum, E.on, Aga Linde
Key research facility: Demonstration plant for removal of lignin from black liquor, Bäckhammar, Sweden
Objective: To improve the LignoBoost process, handling, incineration of lignin and to produce design data for full scale removal of lignin from black liquor
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 2
BLG 2-program (Black liquor gasification program)
Coordinator ETC, Piteå, Sweden
Duration: 2007-2010, Budget:9 M€
Financing: Energy Agencyand industry ( SCA, Sveaskog, Smurfit Kappa, Södra, Vattenfall)
Partners: ETC, Umeå University, STFI-Packforsk, Chalmers University of Technology, Luleå University of Technology
Key research facility: Pilot plant gasifier i Piteå, Sweden
Objective: To close technological knowledge gaps that are in the way of large-scale commercialization of pressurized black liquor gasification for DME or electricity
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 3
Ethanol program
Coordinator : Sekab E-technology
Duration: 2007-2010, Budget: 16 M€
Financing: Swedish Energy Agency
Key research facility: Pilot plant for acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
Objective: Scaling up and commercialisation of technology for integrated production of ethanol from lignocellulose materials
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 4
WaCheUp
Coordinator: STFI-Packforsk
Duration: 2005-2008, Budget: 2.5 M€
Financing: EU FP6 and industry
Participitants: Kemira, M-Real, Södra, Perstorp, Aracruz, Weyerhaeuser, UPM-Kymmene, Sappi, Alabama River Pulp, Raisio Life Sciences, Bakelite,Stora Enso, Korsnäs, Frantschach
Partners: STFI-Packforsk, VTT, Åbo Akademi, University of Aveiro, University of Lund, Chalmers University of Technology, Amorim
Objective: To upgrade low-value residual products from pulp and corkmanufacture into value-added bio-based chemicals.
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities National and EC Projects 5
CHRISGAS, Växjö University, Sweden,
Duration: 2005-2009, Budget: 49 M€
Financing: Swedish energy agency, EU-FP6 and industry
Partners: Växjö University, Södra, Perstorp, Linde, TU Delft …….. (19 total)
Key research facility: Biomass fuelled pressurized IGCC plant in Värnamo, Sweden
Objective:To develop a large scale biomass gasification process to produceclean hydrogen-rich gas which can be used for the production of transport fuels.
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities National and EC Projects 6
Cluster Biorefinery
Coordinator: STFI-Packforsk
Duration:2005-2008, Budget: 2.8 M€
Financing: Industry
Participitants: Kemira, M-Real, Södra, Perstorp, Aracruz, Weyerhaeuser, UPM-Kymmene, Sappi, Alabama River Pulp
Objective: Novel technologies for valorisation of pulp mill residues – into value-added chemicals – without negatively affecting the overall process performance or the quality of the primary fibre products.
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFI biorefining activities covers
� Existing alternatives (energy efficiency)
� Thermal route
� Value prior to pulping
� Value after pulping (spent liquors)
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFIs Biorefinery Strategy
� Intact fibre production� Focus on the major components� Combine
• Efficient separation process• Mill integration
• Strong chemical competence• Selected applications
� Strategic cooperation with industruy and selected research centres
� Strong value chains
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Biofuels
Integrated
Energy
System
Fibre processing
Primary treat-ment
Pulpwood
Forestry/agriresidues and used recycled fibres
Pulp/paper
Chemicals
The Future Pulp Mill Biorefinery
Conver-sion
Conver-sion
Black liquor Heat, electricity
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
By-products - Standard Kraft Pulp Mill
Unit: kg/t pulp
100
340
Birch
30
510
Spruce
40Xylan- black liquor
340Lignin - black liquor
Eucalypt
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFI-VTT FORCE Concept
Gasification
Recovery
Separation processes
Pretreat-ment
Hemicelluloses
Forestryresidues
Pulping
CO2
Off-gas
Hydroxyacids
Lignin
Xylan
Cellulose fibres
Syngas(CO, H2)
Pretreat-ment
Hemicelluloses
Woodchips
Motor fuels
Fuel synthesis
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
turning science into realityAxegård Overview Biorefing 2007-09-28 28
Carbon Fibres - HW Lignin
turning science into realityAxegård Overview Biorefing 2007-09-28 29
Lignin Dispersant – Case Kaolin/Water
Modified LignoBoostlignin added
No lignin added
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities Pilot Plants
1. Syngas from wood, Värnamo 2. Syngas from black liquor, Piteå
3. Ethanol from wood,
Örnsköldsvik
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot1 - Syngas from Wood
� CHRISGAS - Hydrogen Rich Syngas
� Key research facility: Biomass fuelled pressurized IGCC plant in Värnamo, Sweden
� Coordinator: Växjö University, Sweden,� www.chrisgas.com
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot 2 - Syngas from Black Liquor
� BLG2-program� Key research facility: Black liquor gasifier with quench and
gas cooler ( 20 T DS/d, 32 bar, 3 MW), Piteå, Sweden� Coordinator: ETC, Piteå, Sweden� www.etc.pitea.se/BLG
•> 1200 h accumulated run-time
•Continuous operation 2007
•Focus on long-term behaviour, process optimisation, scale-up and containment materials
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot 3 - Ethanol from Wood
� Ethanol Program� Key research facility: Pilot plant for acid and enzymatic
hydrolysis in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden� Coordinator: Sekab E-technology� www.sekab.com
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesDemonstration Plants 1
Future Resource Adopted Pulp Mill - FRAM2
Key research facility: Demonstration plant in Bäckhammar for lignin from black liquor (2007-2008, 20 t/d)
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesDemonstration Plants 1
Lignin from demo plant used as fuel in CHP together with coal
Succeful trial with oil replacementFirst Delivery to Fortum VärmeMarch 2007
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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National StakeholdersForest owners: Sveaskog, private owners
Pulp and paper industry: Södra, Domsjö (others will join shortly)
Chemical industry: Perstorp, Akzo
Energy industry: Fortum, E.on, Vattenfall, Preem, Statoil
Automotive industry: Volvo, SAAB
Other industry: Chemrec, SEKAB, SunPine
Agri industry: Lantmännen
Institutes; STFI-Packforsk, ETC
Universities: Växjö Univ., Umeå Univ. Univ. of Lund, Chalmers Univ. of Technology
GOs: Swedish Energy Agency