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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
The contribution of AD in delivering renewable energy and the rôle of
IEA Bioenergy Task 37
Arthur Wellinger Task Leader
Nova Energie Switzerland
[email protected] www.iea-biogas.net
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Task 37 is part of the Bioenergy Agreement of the IEA 20 countries plus the European Commission participate in IEA
BioenergyThe following countries are member of Task 37 on Energy from Biogas and Landfill gas • Switzerland:
Arthur
Wellinger, Task Leader
• Austria:
Rudolf
Braun• Canada:
Jody Anne Barclay
• EC (JRC):
David Baxter • Denmark:
Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen
• Finland:
Jukka Rintala• France :
Olivier Théobald
• Germany:
Peter Weiland• Sweden:
Anneli Petersson
• The Netherlands:
Mathieu Dumont• U.K.:
Clare Lukehurst
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
FocusThe anaerobic treatment of agricultural waste including energy crops, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and organic rich industrial waste water to produce biogas and a
digestate
of a high quality.Aim
Exchange and disseminate information on biogas production, upgrading and utilisation
Promote deployment of AD plants
www.iea-biogas.net
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
•
Stimulate R&D on gas upgrading
•
Continuous education and information for decision makers
•
Demonstration of new developments and lessons learned (Success Stories)
•
Workshops and meetings with operators, industry and decision makers
•
Promote biogas as a vehicle fuel and/or injection into gas grid
•
Quality of
digestate
as fertilizer
Task 37 – Key Activities and Achievements
www.iea-biogas.net
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
•
1776
Description
of biogas in Italy by A.Volta (Aria inflammabile nativa delle Paludi)
•
1804
Dalton gave correct formula of methane•
1859
Biogas plant on lepper station in Bombay
•
1896 Installation delivering gas light in Exeter
•
1776
Description
of biogas in Italy by A.Volta (Aria inflammabile nativa delle Paludi)
•
1804
Dalton gave correct formula of methane•
1859
Biogas plant on lepper station in Bombay
•
1896 Installation delivering gas light in Exeter
The
history of biogas U.K. used to play an important rôle
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
• upgrade waste water from household or industry
• stabilize sewage sludge
• treat the organic fraction of municipal solid waste
• improve fertilizer quality of animal waste
• digest energy
crop to biogas (energy from biomass)
Today Anaerobic
Digestion (AD) is widely applied in industry, agriculture and infrastructre to
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
There are more than 5000 digesters on WWTP in Europe
More than 2000 high-rate digesters
are operated world wide for WWT from industry
Basically 4 different systems are applied
Upgrade of waste water from household
and industry
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Continuously stirred tank reactorContinuously stirred tank reactor
BiogasBiogas
OutputOutput
InputInput
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Upgrade of waste water from industry
Bacterial rich sludge is recycled to the digesterBacterial rich sludge is recycled to the digester
BiogasBiogas
AblaufAblauf
InputInputSludgeSludge
OutputOutput
Contact system
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
DigesterDigester SettlerSettler
Forster Vegetables, DällikonForster Vegetables, Dällikon
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
BiogasBiogas
Output
Input
Anaerobic filter on a brewery
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
UASB cover 2/3 of all industrial WWTP
Rendering plant Bazenheid
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Example of a EGSB SystemExample of a EGSB System
Emmi Milk LtdEmmi Milk Ltd Bacteria form pellets (granules) of 2 to 3 mmBacteria form pellets (granules) of 2 to 3 mm
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
thereof 140 plants with
biowaste (78 dry and 62 liquid
digestion)
70 plants digesting manure together with organic industrial wastes or
biowaste
Together, they treat
8m tons per
year
of organic waste
www.iea-biogas.net
AD
for the treatment
of
source separated wasteIn total
there are about
210
plants with more than
2‘500
tpy
of
source separated waste:
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Dry fermentation
systems
Dranco
Kompogas Valorga
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Dranco
Kompogas
Valorga
Dry fermentation
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Linde, BTA, Wabio, etc
Wet fermentation
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Mechanical treatment
Dry recyclables
Rejects RDF
MSW
AD/Intensive rotting Composting
Biogas „Compost“
Typical process flow of a Mechanical Biological
Treatment (MBT)
The same AD systems are applied as for Source separated waste
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Installed capacity of operational facilities by location
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Israel
Portugal
Japan
Turkey
Poland
UK
Canada
Belgium
France
USA
Austria
Netherland
Australia
Spain
Germany
Italy
Input Capacity (in 1'000 Tonnes per annum)
6'500
5'700
Countries with the highest share of MBT
Treatment of full or gray MSW
Total installed capacitiy > 20m tons
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
MBT with percolation
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
UR-3R Sydney (as built in Leicestershire)
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Agricultural biogas production
a) With
co-substrates b) With energy crop
Source: Weiland
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Rubber top digester
Inlet
Tank empty
Fermenter
Gas Storage
CHPBOX
Tank full
Exhau st gas
Pum p
Gas pipe
PVC – pressure pipe
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Large scale digester
INPU T
OUTP UT
Heat Exchan ger
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Co-digestion
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Improved fertilizer quality of animal wastes
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
• better nutrient availability
• improved homogeneity
• less plant burning
• reduced C/N ratio
• odour reduction
•
elimination
of plant pathogens and weed seeds
Improved fertilizer quality of animal wastes
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Energy remains the major driving force of biogas production
Biogas
Desulfurization Desulfurization Gas treatmentGas treatment
CHPBoiler
Reforming Compression
Pressure tankFuel cell
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Fuel
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Electricity production
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
6.4
million methane powered vehicles:127,000
buses, 113,000
trucks, and 6,200,000 cars running
on
natural
gas or biomethane
Biomethane as fuel
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Energy yield
(Output/Input):
•
EtOH from sugar cane
(Brasil) 8.6-10.0•
EtOH from
Maiz
(USA)
1.34
•
RME (Germany)
2.2-3.7•
Biogas from
Gras (D)
ca. 6
•
Biogas from
Maiz
(D)
ca. 8
How does biogas compare to other bio-fuels?
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Comparison of different bio-fuels How far can a car run with different biofuels
produced on 1ha of land
Source FNR
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Co-digestion for an optimized production of biogas and fertilizer, Ludlow 17 April 2008
Thank you !