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A CONSIDERATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDEOLOGY ANDACTIVISM IN THE BLACK NATIONALIST MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE
RISE AND FALL OF THE GREENSBORO ASSOCIATION OF POOR PEOPLE
THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF
ARTS
BYCLAUDE W. BARNES, JR.
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
ATLANTA, GEORGIADECEMBER, 1981
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DEDICATION
T!" #$"!" !" %$%!&'#$% #( )* )(#$+ F(+$-&$ B'+-$", )* -&$ J(- T. B+((/"!+$ '-%)* '-# E!0'$# D. B+((/"!+$
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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ABSTRACT
BARNES, CLAUDE W., J+. B.A. N(+# C'+(!-' A T S#'#$U-!4$+"!#*, G+$$-"(+(, N(+#
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C'+(!-', J*, 199
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A%4!"(+": P+(2$""(+ E'+ P!&'+% D+. W!!') H. B((-$
T$"!" %'#$%: D$&$)$+, 1981
T$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$ ;GAPP< 6'" (-$ (2 #$ )("#
!-2$-#!' B'&/ 3(!#!&' (+7'-!0'#!(-" #( $)$+7$ 2+() #$ C(-#$)3(+'+* B'&/
N'#!(-'!"# M(4$)$-# (2 #$ '#$ =>" '-% $'+* >". U-2(+#-'#$*, 3("#?&!4! +!7#"
!#$+'#+$ '+$* +$&(7-!0$% #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" $@!"#$-&$. T!" "#%* 2!" ' 4(!% !- #$
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#'# #$ "#+77$ 2(+ !%$((7!&' $7$)(-* $#6$$- B'&/ P(6$+, P'-?A2+!&'-!"), '-%
M'+@!") 3+$4$-#$% #$ &(-"!%$+'#!(- (2 #$(+$#!&' '-% 3!("(3!&' 3+($)" !- #$
)(4$)$-# '-% #$+$2(+$ &(-#+!#$% "!7-!2!&'-#* #( #$ %$)!"$ (2 3("#?&!4! +!7#"
'&#!4!").
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#$ "#%* $@')!-$" #$ !%$((7!&' "#+&#+$ (2 #$ C(-#$)3(+'+* B'&/ N'#!(-'!"#"
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
C'3#$+
I. I-#+(%&#!(- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. A- O4$+4!$6 (2 #$ I%$((7!&' S#+&#+$ (2 #$C(-#$)3(+'+* B'&/ N'#!(-'!"# M(4$)$-#: F(&"
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O- #$ R'%!&' T+$-% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. B'&/ P(6$+, B'&/ A&#!4!") '-% #$ R!"$ (2 #$G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
IV. P'-?A2+!&'-!"), M'+@!")?L$-!-!")'-% #$ F' (2 #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(-(2 P((+ P$(3$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
V. C(-&"!(- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
PART ICHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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#!+#* *$'+" (2 !-#$-"$ '&#!4!"), '4$ #$ )'#$+!' &(-%!#!(-" (2 !2$ 2(+ #$ (4$+6$)!-7
)'5(+!#* (2 A2+(?A)$+!&'-" &(-#!-$% #( %$#$+!(+'#$8 P# '-(#$+ 6'*, %$"3!#$ #$ -($
$22(+#" (2 #$ C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-#, #$ "'&+!2!&$" (2 #$ +'- +$$!(-", #$ )!!#'-&* (2
#$ B'&/ P(6$+ M(4$)$-#, #$ 3+()!"$" (2 #$ G+$'# S(&!$#* '-% %$"3!#$ #$ 3+!#* (2
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A)$+!&'- S(&!$#*.
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#+$)$-%(" "(&!'?3(!#!&' )(4$)$-#": T$ C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-# '-% #$ B'&/
N'#!(-'!"# M(4$)$-#. T$"$ )(4$)$-#", (2 &(+"$, $2# '- -%$-!'$ !)3'&# (- #$
"(&!' "#+&#+$ (2 A)$+!&'. T$ C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-#, 2(+ $@')3$, 3'*$% ' &+!#!&'
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+($ !- #$ %$"#+&#!(- (2 J!) C+(6 "$7+$7'#!(- !- #$ S(#,9 6!$ #$ B'&/ N'#!(-'!"#
M(4$)$-# 2(+&$% #$ "(?&'$% N$7+( $"#!(- !-#( #$ +$') (2 $7!#!)'#$ &#+' '-%
3(!#!&' &(-"!%$+'#!(-".> I- #$ '2#$+)'# (2 #$ C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-# B'&/ 3$(3$
;$"3$&!'* !#" $!#$ "$&#(+< '4$ '&!+$% ' )(+$ 4!"!$ 3+$"$-&$ !- #$ "#'#$ '33'+'#" '-%
!- &!4! "(&!$#*. B* #$ "')$ #(/$-, $&'"$ (2 #$ B'&/ N'#!(-'!"# M(4$)$-# !# !" -(
(-7$+ ' &+!)$ #( $ !%$-#!2!$% '" B'&/, A2+(?A)$+!&'- (+ A2+!&'-. B# '7'!-, #$ '+7$+
$"#!(- 2(+ B'&/ !-#$$&#'" '-% '&#!4!"#" +$)'!-": A+$ #$ 7'!-" (2 #$ )(+$ #'- #!+#*
*$'+" (2 !-#$-"$ '&#!4!") &())$-"+'#$ 6!# #$ ')(-# (2 #!)$, $22(+# '-% "'&+!2!&$
W!$ #$ $@3!&!# 3+()!"$ (2 +$&$-# B'&/ '&#!4!") ;!#" "#'#$% 7('< 6'" ' $##$+
!2$ 2(+ #$ )'""$", !- 2'&# #$ 7'!-" (2 #$ 3$+!(% 6$-# ')("# $@&"!4$* #( #$ B'&/
$!#$" (+ 3$##* (+7$(!"!$.1 S(, #$+$ !" ' #+$)$-%(" 7'3 $#6$$- #$ 3+()!"$ (2 B'&/
'&#!4!") '-% #$ '&#' +$"#". T("$ ')(-7 " 6( 3+(3'7'#$ #$ )*# (2 B'&/
3+(7+$"" '+$ $-7'7!-7 !- ' 3+$#$-#!(" "$2?"$+4!-7 &$$+'#!(- (2 #$ =>" '# $"# '-%
)!"$'%!-7 #$ B'&/ M(4$)$-# '# 6(+"#. C(-"$$-#*, '-(#$+ $"#!(- 2(+ #$
!-#$$&#' '-% '&#!4!"#" !" 6* %!% #$ $@3$&#$% +$"#" (2 +$&$-# B'&/ '&#!4!") 2'! #(
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)(4$)$-# +$&$!4$ "( !##$ !2 '-* $-$2!#"
LITERATURE REVIEW
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CHAPTER
AN OVERVIEW OF THE IDEOLOGICAL STRUCTRUREOF THE CONTEMPORARY BACK NATIONALIST MOVEMENT:
FOCUS ON THE RADICAL TREND
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CHAPTER
BLACK POWER, BLACK ACTIVISM
AND THE RISE OF THE GREENSBORO ASSOCIATION OF POOR PEOPLE
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CHAPTER
PAN?AFRICANISM, MARISM?LENINISMAND THE FALL OF THE GREENSBORO ASSOCIATION OF POOR PEOPLE
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I "$% #( '4$ #$ "')$ 3("!#!(- '" K6'%6( #'# 6$4$7(# #( !$+'#$ A2+!&' '-% #$- 6$ 6! $ 2+$$.I# 6'" +$4(#!(-'+!$" !- A2+!&' 6( +(7# )$#( "$$ #'# #'# 6'"-# #+$. I# 6'" )* %!"&""!(-"W!# 3$(3$ !- M(0')!$ '-% 3+(7+$""!4$P$(3$ !- T'-0'-!', #'# &(-4!-&$% )$ #'# #!"
6'" ' )*"#!&' '-'*"!" '# $"# '-% #'# #$!$+'#!(- (2 A2+!&' 6(% &()$ (-* #+(7 #6( 3+(&$""$".
T$ 2!+"# !" #$ 3+(&$"" (2 (#+!7# "#+77$'7'!-"# !)3$+!'!"), (2 6!& 6$ '+$ ' &+!#!&' 3'+#.
T$ "$&(-%!" #'# +$4(#!(-" &()$ '(# $&'"$ (2 !-%!7$-("# )(4$)$-#" (2 #$ 3$(3$#(6'+%" +$4(#!(-'+* "#+77$.
O6" $7'- #( (% %!"&""!(-" (- #$ "!7-!2!&'-&$ (2 !" #+'4$" #+(7 A2+!&' '-% #$
!)!#'#!(-" (2 #$ P'-?A2+!&'- 3$+"3$&#!4$ 6$+$ "()$6'# $'(+'#$%. A" ' +$"# (2 #$"$
= O6" S'%'/'!, P$+"(-' !-#$+4!$6, A3+! 1=, 1981. O6" S'%'/'!, P("!#!(- S#'#$)$-#, A2+!&'- W(+%, J*, 19.
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!-!#!' %!"&""!(-" #$ G+$$-"(+( C($&#!4$ (+ #$ $'%!-7 (%* (2 #$ NCN, $7'- #(
"$+!("* "#%* M'+@!")?L$-!-!").8
T$ G+$$-"(+( C($&#!4$ #+'-"2(+)$% !#"$2 !-#( ' M'+@!"#"?L$-!-!"# "#%* 7+(3
-$'+ #$ $7!--!-7 (2 19. M(+$(4$+, !# $7'- #( &("$ !#" +'-/ '-% 3'&$ !)!#" (- 6(
&(% $(-7 #( #$ "#%* 7+(3. S$4$+' $'%!-7 )$)$+" '-% )("# (2 #$ +'-/ '-% 2!$
(2 GAPP 6$+$ -(# '"/$% #( $&()$ ' 3'+# (2 #$ M'+@!"# "#%* &!+&$ $4$- #(7
%$&!"!(-" 6$+$ $!-7 )'%$ #'# '22$&#$% ' (+7'-!0'#!(-" &(-#+($% * #$ NCN. T$
$)+*(-!& M'+@!"# (+7'-!0'#!(- 2$# #'# )("# (2 #$ )$)$+"!3 (2 GAPP 6'" #((
&())!##$% #( 3+$4!(" !%$((7!&' %!"3("!#!(-" #( 3$+2(+) $22$&#!4$* !- #$ -$6
(+7'-!0'#!(-. F+#$+)(+$, #$ $@!"#$-&$ (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" "33("$% #( $ ' 6$
/$3# "$&+$#.9 L$'%$+"!3 (2 #$ -$6 (+7'-!0'#!(- 2$# #'# )'-* 3'"# "33(+#$+" &(% -(#
'33+$&!'#$ M'+@!") '-% #$+$2(+$ #$ $@!"#$-&$ (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" -(# 3!&*
'&/-(6$%7$% -#! $'+* 19.>
E4$- #(7 #$ M'+@!"# (+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" -(# 3!& )'-* 3'"# "33(+#$+" (2 #$
N(+# C'+(!-' N'#!(-'!"#" $7'- #( %+!2# '6'*. M'-* +'-/ '-% 2!$ )$)$+" (2 GAPP
2(+ $@')3$, /-$6 #'# "()$#!-7 6'" 7(!-7 (- '-% )'-* 2$# )'-!3'#$%. 1
A2#$+ #$ 2(+)'#!(- (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- !# 6'" +$&(7-!0$% #'# #$ )'--$+ !- 6!& #$
(+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" 2(+)$% 6'" ' "$+!(" )!"#'/$. A" $'+* '" J-$, 19 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-
6(% '%)!#:
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D+!-7 #!" 3$+!(% )$)$+" (2 #$ $'%$+"!3 (2 YOBU,MLU '-% #$ L*-- E"'- I-"#!##$ "(7# #( +$"(4$ 3+($)" (2 !-$, (+7'-!0'#!(- 2(+), '-% "#+'#$7*6!#(# !-4(4!-7 #$ +'-/ '-% 2!$ (+ #("$ (+7'-!0'#!(-".I# 6'" ' 3$+!(% !- 6!& )'-* &()+'%$" +$&$!4$% !##$ (+ -(7!%'-&$ '-% %!+$&#!(-, !##$ (+ -( !-2(+)'#!(- (- #$$"#!(-" -%$+ %!"&""!(-, '-% '% !##$ (+ -( (33(+#-!#*#( &(-#+!#$ #( #$ %!"&""!(- '-% )'/$ %$&!"!(-".
D$"3!#$ #$ '(4$ '&/-(6$%7$)$-# #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- &(-#!-$% #( 3" 3$(3$ '6'* '-%
!"('#$ !#"$2 2+() #$ &(-&$+-" (2 B'&/ 3$(3$ !- A)$+!&'. D+!-7 #!" 3$+!(% #$ )'!-
'&#!4!#!$" (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- )'-* &(-"!"#$% (2 )'+'#(- !-#$+-' )$$#!-7". A&&(+%!-7 #(
#$ $'%$+"!3, #$ )'5(+ ("#'&$ 3+$4$-#!-7 #$ "&&$"" 2(+ !#" (+7'-!0'#!(-' $22(+#" 6'"
#$ (+7$(!" !%$((7* 3(""$""$% * #$ )$)$+"!3. C(-"$$-#*, (-7 (+" '-%
&(-#$"" )$$#!-7" 6$+$ %$4(#$% #( !%$((7!&' +$)(%!-7 #+(7 &+!#!&!") '-% "$2
&+!#!&!"). A(-7 6!# &+!#!&!"), #$ $'%$+"!3 (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- 6(% %$&'+$ #'#
(+7'-!0!-7 6(+/$+" !- 2'&#(+!$" '-% $&()!-7 ' )$)$+ (2 #$ +$4(#!(-'+* 3+($#'+!'#
6'" #$ )("# !)3(+#'-# '&#!4!#* 2(+ #("$ &(-&$+-$% 6!# 2-%')$-#' &'-7$ !- "(&!$#*.
W!$ #$ )(4$ #( M'+@!") $7'- '" ' 7$-!-$ '##$)3# #( 7( $*(-% #$
!)!#'#!(-" (2 P'-?A2+!&'-!"), !- +$'!#* #$ (33("!#$ $22$&# 6'" '&!$4$%. A&&(+%!-7 #(
#$ -$6 3$+"3$&#!4$, #$ 3+$4!(" 6(+/ (2 (+7'-!0'#!(-" !/$ GAPP '-% ALSC 6'" -(#
&(-"!%$+$% )$'-!-72, P+($#'+!'-!0'#!(- (+ 7$##!-7 ' 5( !- #$ 2'&#(+* '-% (+7'-!0!-7
6(+/$+" 6'" &(-"!%$+$% #$ (-* 6(+#6!$ '&#!4!#*. C(-"$$-#*, #$ N(+# C'+(!-'
N'#!(-'!"#" 6!#%+$6 2+() GAPP '-% $# #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- "22$+ 2+() -$7$&#. B* 19,
GAPP $-#$+$% ' 3$+!(% (2 "$+!(" %$&!-$ 2+() 6!& !# 6(% -$4$+ +$&(4$+. T$ (4$+'
%$&!-$ (2 (-$ (2 #$ )("# %*-')!& '&/ 3(!#!&' (+7'-!0'#!(-" !- #$ &(-#$)3(+'+*
)(4$)$-# 6'" !#$ -(#!&$'$ '-% '- !-#$+-' %(&)$-# 6(% 3(!-# (# #$ 2((6!-7:
T$ O+7'-!0'#!(-" C++$-# T'"/, 33. E. S$$ 2(+ $@')3$, O4$+4!$6, -3!"$% !-#$+-' $4''#!(-" (2 #$ $2# 2'&#!(-, G+$$-"(+(, N(+#C'+(!-', 19. I!%., 3..
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GAPP !" '# ' (6 3(!-#: 6$ '4$ -( )(-$* #$+$ !"-( 3+(7+') #$ ('+% !" &(-2"$%, %!"(+7'-!0$% '-%6$'/ #$ "#'22 !" 4!+#'* -(-?$@!"#$-#. T$ %$4$(3)$-#(2 #!" "$# (2 -%$"!+'$ &!+&)"#'-&$" '" &()$ 3(- GAPP 7+'%'*. O+%$&'* '-% %!"!-#$7+'#!(- '" $$- "$$- * $4$+* (-$ !- #$ '"# *$'+ .
A#(7 #$ %$&!-$ (2 GAPP 6'" 7$-$+'* +$&(7-!0$%, #!" %!% -(# )$'- #'# $22(+#"
6(% $ 3+()(#$% #( +$4!4$ #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-. A )'5(+!#* (2 #$ $'%!-7 )$)$+" (2 RWL
4!$6$% #$ %$&!-$ (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- '" 3("!#!4$ (&&++$-&$. T!" )'5(+!#* 2$# #'#
)'!-#'!-!-7 GAPP 6'" '- --$&$""'+* +%$- '-% %!% -(# 3+()(#$ #$ -$6 2(&" (2 #$
M'+@!"# O+7'-!0'#!(-. T$ M'+@!"# (+7'-!0'#!(- 6(% -(# +$&(7-!0$ #$ 3+(2(-% $++(+
#'# 6'" $!-7 &())!##$% -#! !# 6'" #(( '#$.
I- "(+#, #$ 3$+!(% (2 M'+@!"# $7$)(-* (+ %()!-'#!(- +(7# #$ +$'#!4$*
&()3$#$ '#+(3* (2 GAPP. T$ (+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" '$ #( &(-#!-$ 6!# )!-(+ 3+(5$&#"
# !# 6(% -$4$+ $'% )'""!4$ 3$'4'" '-% &')3'!7-" '7'!-.= B* 19, #$
(+7'-!0'#!(-' '&#!4!#* &(-"!"#$% %$4$(3!-7 ' 2$6 3+$"" "#'#$)$-#" (- "$$&#$% !""$".
T$ (-&$ "* GAPP (22!&$ 6'" "# %(6- '-% #$ (-* +$)-'-#" (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- '+$
#$ GAPP 2!$" ("$% '# U+ ((/"#(+$. W!$ #$ M'+@!"#" 6! -(# '%)!# #$ +($
#'# )$&'-!&' M'+@!") 3'*$% !- #$ %$"#+&#!(- (2 GAPP, '- '-'*"!" (2 #$ $4(#!(-
(2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- -%$+ #$ 7!%'-&$ (2 )$&'-!&' M'+@!") '+$ '"( +$"3(-"!$ 2(+ !#"
%$)!"$.
N$"(- J(-"(-, A P+(3("' 2(+ ' N$6 T+"#?19 '-% B$*(-%, -3!"$% %!"&""!(- 3'3$+,G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', 19, 3. 1.= C2. G'33 O- R$4$-$ S'+!-7, C'+(!-' P$'&$)'/$+ , J'-'+* ,19.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
A7'!-, #$ 2-%')$-#' $"#!(- 3("$% * #!" #$"!" !": W'# 6'" #$ !)3'&# (2
&()3$#!-7 !%$((7!$" (- #$ +!"$ '-% 2' (2 #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$
P# '-(#$+ 6'*, #!" "#%* 6'" &(-&$+-$% 6!# %$"&+!!-7 #$ %*-')!&" $#6$$- !%$((7*
'-% '&#!4!") '" #$* -2(%$% !- #$ $4(4$)$-# (2 (-$ +'%!&' '&/ 3(!#!&' (+7'-!0'#!(-
!- #$ 3("#?&!4! +!7#" $+'. I- (+%$+ #( '%%+$"" #!" $"#!(- #$ "#%* 3+$"$-#$% '-
$@')!-'#!(- (2 #$ !%$((7!&' "#+&#+$ (2 #$ C(-#$)3(+'+* B'&/ N'#!(-'!"#
)(4$)$-#. T!" #$(+$#!&' %!"&""!(- 6'" 2((6$% * ' +$&'3!#'#!(- (2 GAPP"
$4(#!(- '-% %$4$(3)$-#" !- #$ C(-#$)3(+'+* '&/ M(4$)$-# '" ' 6($. GAPP"
+$'#!(-"!3 6!# #$ '+7$+ )(4$)$-# 6'" +$4$'$% !- #$ 3+(&$""$" #'# $'% #( )'5(+
"!2#" !- !%$((7!&' 3$+"3$&#!4$". T$ (+7'-!0'#!(- #+(7 !#" $'%$+"!3 6'" ' 4!7(+("
3'+#!&!3'-# !- #$ %$'#$" '-% %!"&""!(-" #'# $'% #( #$ !%$((7!&' "!2#" #'# (&&++$% !-
#$ )(4$)$-#. T!" "#%* (2 GAPP" %$4$(3)$-# "(6" #'# &'-7$" !- #$ )(4$)$-#"
7!%!-7 !%$((7* 6$+$ ' )'5(+ 2'&#(+ !- #$ +$%!+$&#!(- (2 '&/ '&#!4!") !- #$ 3("#?&!4!
+!7#" $+'. C(-"$$-#*, (-$ (2 #$ )("# "!7-!2!&'-# 2!-%!-7" (2 #!" #$"!" !" #'# #$
)'--$+ !- 6!& &(-2!&#!-7 !%$((7!&' 3$+"3$&#!4$" '&!$4$% $7$)(-* !- #$ )(4$)$-#
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I- '%%!#!(- #( #$ '(4$ &(-&$+-", #!" "#%* "77$"#" #'# #$ +$'#!(-"!3 $#6$$-
#$ $'%$+" '-% #("$ $!-7 $% !- B'&/ 3(!#!&' (+7'-!0'#!(-" 3+()(#$" #$ "$2?
%$"#+&#!(- (2 #("$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" (4$+ #!)$. B(# B'&/ P(6$+ '-% P'-?A2+!&'- !%$((7*
3+()(#$% !-% '$7!'-&$ '-% "'4!"-$"" ')(-7 #$ +'-/ '-% 2!$ )$)$+" (2 #$
(+7'-!0'#!(-" ;GAPP, SOBU, MLU<. GAPP )$)$+", 2(+ $@')3$, '"")$% #'# #$
M'"#$+ O+7'-!0$+ '-% #$ $'%$+" !- #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- 6(% '6'*" )'/$ %$&!"!(-" #'#
6(% $ !- #$ $"# !-#$+$"# (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- '-% )(4$)$-#. W!$ #$ $'%$+"!3 %!%
-(# $-&(+'7$ !-% 2'!# '-% &(-"#'-#* #'/$% '(# #$ -$$% 2(+ +'-/ '-% 2!$ !-!#!'#!4$,
!- +$'!#* ' 3+(7+') 2(+ #+'!-!-7 "&&$""(+" 6'" -(# !)3$)$-#$%. W!#(# ' 3+(7+') #(
#+'!- +'-/ '-% 2!$ )$)$+" #( '"")$ $'%$+"!3 +$"3(-"!!!#!$" !# !" %(#2 #'# #$
3+($) (2 !-% 2'!# 6! 7( '6'* (- !#" (- '&&(+%. T!" 3+($) +$&$!4$% ' #+$)$-%("
')(-# (2 '##$-#!(- %+!-7 #$ M'+@!"# 3$+!(%, (6$4$+, #$ (33("!#$ $++(+ 6'"
&())!##$%. E4$- #(7 #$ M'+@!"# 3'"$ 6'" &'+'&#$+!0$% * '- -%$)(&+'#!& "#*$ (2
(3$+'#!(-, +'-/ '-% 2!$ )$)$+" 6$+$ #+"# !-#( 3("!#!(-" (2 $'%$+"!3 6!#(# "$+!("
&(-"!%$+'#!(- 2(+ '%)!-!"#+'#!4$ (+ (+7'-!0'#!(-' '!!#*. D+!-7 #$ M'+@!"# 3'"$, #$
)("# !)3(+#'-# &+!#$+!' 2(+ $'%$+"!3 6'" (-$" 3(!#!&' !-$: #+'-"'#$% #!" )$'-" #'#
#$ 7!%!-7 3(!#!&' 3$+"3$&#!4$ 6'" #( $ $!$4$% 6!#(# $"#!(-.
I2 B'&/ 3(!#!&' (+7'-!0'#!(-" '+$ #( "+4!4$ !- #$ 2#+$ #$ +$'#!(-" $#6$$-
#$ $'%$+" '-% #("$ $!-7 $% )"# -%$+7( ' 2-%')$-#' &'-7$. C$+#'!-*, #$ GAPP
$@3$+!$-&$ !"#+'#$" #'# !- #$ (-7 +- !-% '$7!'-&$ 3+()(#$" '- -&+!#!&' (#((/
'-% &+!33$" #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" '!!#* #( 3$+&$!4$ )!"#'/$" '-% &(++$&# #$) $2(+$
!++$3'+'$ %')'7$ !" %(-$. M$&'-!")" '-% '##!#%$" "(% $ 3+()(#$% 6!&
$-&(+'7$ &+!#!&' +$2$&#!(- '-% +'-/ '-% 2!$ )$)$+" "(% +$7'+* $ #+'!-$% #(
'"")$ $'%$+"!3 +$"3(-"!!!#*. W$+$'" #$ $'%$+"!3 "(% $-5(* +$"3$&# '-%
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'-'*"!" (2 GAPP" 3(!#!&' %$4$(3)$-# !-%!&'#$" #'# #$ !-#$+-' "(+&$" (2 B'&/
M(4$)$-#" %$&!-$ 3'* ' )(+$ $""$-#!' +($ #'- #$ $2# !" 6!!-7 #( '%)!#.
GAPP" %!"'33$'+'-&$ 2+() #$ 3(!#!&' &!)'#$ !- G+$$-"(+( '-% N(+# C'+(!-'
!" ' #+'7!& (&&++$-&$. B'&/ 3$(3$ !- G+$$-"(+( '-% !- #$ "#'#$ 6( (-&$ ((/$% #(
GAPP 2(+ $'%$+"!3 '+$ -(6 "22$+!-7 2+() %!"(+7'-!0'#!(- '-% '- !-'!!#* #( +$"3(-%
#( !-&+$'"!-7 3(!#!&' '-% $&(-()!& "$# '&/". A#(7 )'-* (+7'-!0'#!(-" '4$ #+!$% #(
2! #$ 4(!% $2# * GAPP" $@!#, '# #!" 6+!#!-7 -(# (-$ '" $$- "&&$""2.
G+$$-"(+(" B'&/ &())-!#* '" -(# $$- '$ #( '-& )'""!4$ &')3'!7-" '7'!-"# #$
"#'#" ( '-% #$ &(-&$+-" (2 B'&/ &!#!0$-" '+$ !7-(+$%. T!" "#%* "(6" #'# #$
(+7'-!0'#!(- 6'" '$ #( !% $22$&#!4$ 3(!#!&' &('!#!(-" !- #$ B'&/ &())-!#* 6!&
6$+$ '$ #( !)3'&# 3!& '-% 3+!4'#$ 3(!&!$". M(+$(4$+, !2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(- '% $$-
'$ #( "+4!4$ !# !" %(#2 #'# #$ &++$-# 3(!#!&' 3(6$+$"" (2 #$ B'&/ &())-!#*
6(% $ "( %$4'"#'#!-7.
F!-'*, I 6!" #( 3(!-# (# "$4$+' '+$'" #'# &(% $-$2!# 2+() 2#+$
!-4$"#!7'#!(-" '-% '-'*"!". A#(7 #$ 3+($) (2 &((3#'#!(- '-% +$3+$""!(- 6'" -(#
'%%+$""$% !- #!" "#%* #!" %($" -(# )$'- #'# #$"$ 2(+&$" 6$+$ !-"!7-!2!&'-# !- GAPP"
$4(#!(-. O- #$ &(-#+'+*, 3+$!)!-'+* "#%* * C'2$ %(&)$-#" #$ #+$)$-%("
')(-#" (2 +$"(+&$" $@3$-%$% * #$ (&' "#'#" ( '-% #$ F.B.I. #( '# #$ '&#!4!#!$"
(2 GAPP '-% #$ N(+# C'+(!-' N'#!(-'!"#". GAPP )$)$+" 6$+$ +(#!-$* '+'""$%
* #$ G+$$-"(+( 3(!&$ '-% '##$)3#" 6$+$ )'%$ #( +!$ "()$ )$)$+" 2(+ !-2(+)'#!(-
(- "$4$+' (&&'"!(-". A )(+$ &()3+$$-"!4$ "#%* (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" !"#(+* 6(%
$-$2!# 2+() 2+#$+ !-4$"#!7'#!(-" (2 #$"$ #*3$" (2 '&#!4!#!$".
W!!') H. C'2$, C!4!!#!$" '-% C!4! R!7#": G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', '-% #$ B'&/ S#+77$ 2(+F+$$%() ;N$6 Y(+/: O@2(+% U-!4$+"!#* P+$"", 198><, 33.>=?>8. GAPP E)3(*$$ O22$+$% B+!$, C'+(!-' P$'&$)'/$+, S$3#$)$+ 1,19=9.
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M(+$ !)3(+#'-#*, ' #(+(7 "#%* (2 #$ N(+# C'+(!-' N'#!(-'!"# 6(%
"#+$-7#$- #$ '-'*"!" 3+$"$-#$% !- #!" "#%*. A" 3(!-#$% (# $'+!$+ (# MLU '-%
SOBU 6$+$ 4!#' !-"#!##!(-" !- #$ &(-#$)3(+'+* B'&/ N'#!(-'!"#" M(4$)$-# $4$-
#(7, #$ 3("# C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-# !#$+'#+$ '+$* '&/-(6$%7$" #$!+ $@!"#$-&$.
T$ &($&#!4$ $'%$+"!3 (2 #$"$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" 6$+$ !-#$+6(4$- "( &("$* -#! #$
$4(4$)$-# (2 (-$ $22$&#$% #$ (#$+" %!+$&#*. A &()3+$$-"!4$ "#%* (2 GAPP, SOBU
'-% MLU 6(% 3+(4!%$ 4''$ !-"!7#" !-#( #$ %*-')!&" (2 '#$ =>" '-% $'+* >"
-'#!(-'!").
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BLIBLIOGRAPHY
B((/"A$-, R($+#. B'&/ A6'/$-!-7 I- &'3!#'!"# A)$+!&': A- A-'*#!& H!"#(+*. N$6 Y(+/
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D($%'*, 19=9.A3#$+, D'4!% E. T$ P(!#!&" (2 M(%$+-!0'#!(-. C!&'7(: U-!4$+"!#* (2 C!&'7( P+$"",
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P+$"", 19==.B$+)$-0(-$, P' '-% B'*. T$ G+$$-"(+( M'""'&+$. N$6 Y(+/: C$"'+ C'&$
P!&'#!(-, 1981.B+$!#)'-, G$(+7$, $%. T$ L'"# Y$'+ (2 M'&() . N$6 Y(+/: G+(3 P+$"", 19=9.C'+)!&'$, S#(/$*. '-% H')!#(-, C'+$". B'&/ P(6$+: T$ P(!#!&" (2 L!$+'#!(- I-
A)$+!&' . N$6 Y(+/: V!-#'7$ B((/", 19=.C'+)!&'$, S#(/$*. S#(/$* S3$'/": B'&/ P(6$+ #( P'-?A2+!&'-!"). N$6 Y(+/ :
R'-%() H("$, 191.C'2$, W!!') H. C!4!!#!$" '-% C!4! R!7#": G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-' '-% #$ B'&/
S#+77$" 2(+ F+$$%(). N$6 Y(+/: O@2(+% U-!4$+"!#* P+$"", 198>.C+"$, H'+(%. T$ C+!"!" (2 #$ N$7+( I-#$$&#'. N$6 Y(+/: W!!') '-% M(++(6 ,
19=.D(!", W.E.B. T$ S(" (2 B'&/ F(/. C!&'7(: A. C. M&C+*, 19>.F(+$)'-, J')$". T$ M'/!-7 (2 B'&/ R$4(#!(-'+!$". N$6 Y(+/: M'&)!'-, 19.G+'-#, J('--$,$%. B'&/ P+(#$"#: H!"#(+*, D(&)$-#" '-% A-'*"!": 1=19 #( #$ P+$"$-#.
G+$$-6!&, C(--$&#!&#: F'6&$##, 19=8.G(%-$+, A4!-. T$ D!'$&#!& (2 I%$((7* '-% T$&-((7*: T$ O+!7!-", G+'))$+ '-%
F#+$ (2 I%$((7*. N$6 Y(+/: S$'+* P+$"", 19=.G(%-$+, A4!-. T$ C()!-7 C+!"!" (2 W$"#$+- S(&!((7*. N$6 Y(+/: B'"!& B((/",
19>.G+$$-$$, S'). T$ S3((/ W( S'# B* #$ D((+. N$6 Y(+/: B'-#') B((/", 19=9.H(+/$!)$+, M'@. C+!#!&' T$(+*. N$6 Y(+/: H$+%$+ '-% H$+%$+, 19.
H-#$+, F(*%. C())-!#* P(6$+ S&&$""!(-: A#'-#'" P(!&*?M'/$+" R$4!"!#$%.C'3$ H!, N(+# C'+(!-': T$ U-!4$+"!#* (2 N(+# C'+(!-' P+$"", 198>.
K$*, V.O. S(#$+- P(!#!&". N$6 Y(+/: P(+#$+ S)!#, 199.K!-7 M'+#!- L#$+, J+. S#+!%$ T(6'+% F+$$%(). N$6 Y(+/: H'+3$+ '-% R(6, 19=8K(+", K'+. M'+@!") '-% P!("(3*. N$6 Y(+/: M(-#* R$4!$6 P+$"", 19>.L!-&(-, C. E+!&. T$ B'&/ M"!)" !- A)$+!&'. B("#(-: B$'&(- P+$"", 19=1.L/'&", G$(+7. H!"#(+* '-% C'"" C(-"&!("-$"": S#%!$" !- M'+@!"# D!'$&#!&".
C')+!%7$: T$ MIT P+$"", 191.M'&() . A#(!(7+'3* (2 M'&() . N$6 Y(+/: G+(3 P+$"", 19=.M'&() . O- A2+(?A)$+!&'- H!"#(+*. N$6 Y(+/: P'#2!-%$+ P+$"", 19>.M$!$+, A7"#, R%6!&/ E!(## '-% B+(%$+!&/, F+'-&!" L. B'&/ P+(#$"# !- #$ T6$-#!$#
C$-#+*. N$6 Y(+/: B("?M$++! C()3'-*, I-&., 19.
M$!$+, A7"#, R%6!&/, E!(##. C(+$: A S#%* !- #$ C!4! R!7#" M(4$)$-#", 19?19=8. U+'-': T$ U-!4$+"!#* (2 I!-($" P+$"", 19.
M$!$+, A7"# '-% R%6!&/, E!(##. F+() P'-#'#!(- #( G$##(. N$6 Y(+/: H! '-%W'-7, 19=.
M$!$+, A7"#. N$7+( T(7# !- A)$+!&' 188>?191: R'%!&' I%$((7!$" !- #$ A7$ (2B((/$+ T. W'"!-7#(-. A-- A+(+, M!&!7'-: T$ U-!4$+"!#* (2 M!&!7'-P+$"", 191.
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M!!'-%, R'3. T$ S#'#$ '-% C'3!#'!"# S(&!$#*. N$6 Y(+/: B'"!& B((/", I-&., 19=9M*$+"(-, M!&'$. N(#!-7 C(% B$ F!-$. N$6 Y(+/: I-#$+-'#!(-' P!"$+", 198.P'+$-#!, M!&'$. P(6$+ '-% #$ P(6$+$"". N$6 Y(+/: S#. M'+#!-" P+$"", 198.P$+(, V!&#(+. T$ P(!#!&" (2 R'&!"). N$6 Y(+/: I-#$+-'#!(-' P!"$+", 19.P!4$-, F+'-&!" F(@ '-% C(6'+%, R!&'+%. P((+ P$(3$" M(4$)$-#": W* T$*
S&&$$%, H(6 T$* F'!. N$6 Y(+/: V!-#'7$ B((/", 199.P('-#0'", N!&(". P(!#!&' P(6$+ '-% S(&!' C'""$". L(-%(-: N$6 L$2# B((/", 19.B''+", C$4$'-%. T$ R!4$+ (2 N( R$#+-. N$6 Y(+/: W!!') M'++(6, 19.T+(6, L$"#$+. T$ $+(?S) S(&!$#*: D!"#+!#!(- '-% P(""!!!#!$" 2(+ E&(-()!&
C'-7$. N$6 Y(+/: P$-7!- B((/", 1981.W!!')", E+!&. C'3!#'!") '-% S'4$+*. N$6 Y(+/: C'3+!&(+-, 19==.W((%6'+%, C. V'--. T$ S#+'-7$ C'+$$+ (2 J!) C+(6. N$6 Y(+/: O@2(+% U-!4$+"!#*
P+$"", 19.Y$##$, S')$ F. T$ C(!&$: T$ I""$ (2 B'&/ S+4!4' !- A)$+!&'. N$6 Y(+/:
B$+/$$* P!"!-7 C(+3(+'#!(-, 191.Y(-7, N!7$. A- I-2!-#!$ D!"(+%$+: T$ C+!"!" '-% D$&!-$ (2 #$ N$6 L$2#. B(%$+,
C((+'%(: W$"#4!$6 P+$"", 198.
A+#!&$" '-% P')3$#"
B'+'/', I)') A. T(6'+% #$ C+$'#!(- O2 P(!#!&' I-"#!##!(-" 2(+ A A2+!&'-P$(3$", B'&/ W(+%, V(. 1, N(. 1 ;O&#($+, 19.
B'+'/', I)'-. W* I C'-7$% M* I%$((7*, B'&/ W(+% ;J*, 19<, 33. =?.C'+)!&'$, S#(/$*. M'+@!")?L$-!-!") '-% N/+)'-!"), T$ B'&/ S&('+, V(. ,
N(. ;F$+'+*, 19<.C((/, S')$ D(!". T$ A)$+!&'- L!$+' D$)(&+'#!& T+'%!#!(-, T$ B'&/
R$4(#!(- '-% M'+#!- L#$+ K!-7, J+. I-#+(%&#!(- #( T$ P!("(3* (2M'+#!- L#$+ K!-7, J+. * H'-$" W'#(-, J+. W$"#3(+#, C(--.: G+$$-6((%
P!"!-7 C()3'-*, 191<, 33. 19?.D'+!#*, W!!') A. I"!(-" (2 B'&/ P+(7+$"", R$4!$6 (2 B'&/ P(!#!&' E&(-()*,
V(. 1>, N(. ;W!-#$+, 198><, 33. 1?1=.F$$-$+7, A-%+$6. P'#" #( F'!+$: T$ D!'$&#!&" (2 O+7'-!0'#!(- '-% I%$((7* !- #$
N$6 L$2#. A%(2 R$$%, J+. ;$%.< T$ C!+&$ '-% S3!+': C+!#!&' $""'*" (- R'&$,P(!#!&" '-% C#+$ !- #$ =>" '-% B$*(-%. L(!"!'-': L(!"!'-' S#'#$U-!4$+"!#* P+$"". F(+#&()!-7.
T$ G'+* C(-2$+$-&$ R$3(+#. B'&/ W(+%, V(. 1, N(. 1 ;O&#($+, 19<, 33. ?1.
H#&!-7", P!. R$3(+# O- #$ ALSC N'#!(- C(-2$+$-&$. T$ B'&/ S&('+, V(. , N(. 1Q ;J*?A7"#, 19<.
I-#+(%&!-7 M'* %'*: O+ C++$-# T'"/. M'* D'* ;M'*?J-$, 19<, 33. A?.J(-$", M'&/ '-% W!!-7'), A$@. W!#$ C"#(%!'-" (2 #$ B'&/ E@3$+!$-&$.
S(&!' S&!$-&$ Q'+#$+*, V(. 1, N(. 1 ;J-$, 19><, 33.1?=.J(+%'-, J$--!2$+. C#+' N'#!(-'!") !- #$ S!@#!$": P(!#!&" '-% P($#+*, A%(2 R$$%,
J+., ;$%.< T$ C!+&$ '-% #$ S3!+': C+!#!&' E""'*" (- R'&$, P(!#!&" '-% C#+$!- #$ =>" '-% B$*(-%. L(!"!'-': L(!"!'-' S#'#$ U-!4$+"!#* P+$"",F(+#&()!-7.
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K'+$-7', R(-. K'6'!%' '-% I#" C+!#!&": A S(&!(!"#(+!&' A-'*"!". J(+-' (2 B'&/S#%!$" 8 ;D$&$)$+, 19<.
K'+$-7', R(-. T$ Q(#'$ K'+$-7'. P')3$#. L(" A-7$$": U.S. O+7'-!0'#!(-, 19=.K!-7, M'+#!- L#$+, J+. E'!#* N(6: T$ P+$"!%$-# H'" #$ P(6$+. N'#!(- ;M'+&
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P(!#!&' T$(+* '-% S(&!' C'-7$. N$6 Y(+/: A#$+#(- P+$"", 19=.M&G!--!", J')$". T(6'+%" A N$6 B$7!--!-7 C+!"!" '-% C(-#+'%!&#!(- !- B'&/
S#%!$". B'&/ W(+%, V(. , N(. ;M'+&, 19<, 33.?.M'%#!, H'/!. T$ L'#$"# P+7$: T$ A##'&/ O- B'&/ N'#!(-'!") '-% P'-?
A2+!&'-!") * #$ N$6 L$2#, #$ S(-" '-% D'7#$+" (2 #$ O% L$2#. T$ B'&/S&('+, V(. =, -(. 1 ;S$3#$)$+, 19<, 33. ?=.
M'+'$, M'--!-7. B'&/ N'#!(-'!") !- #$ 19>" T+(7 #$ P+!") (2 R'&$ '-%C'"". S(&!'!"# R$4!$6, V(.1>, N(. ;M'+&?J-$, 198><, 33.9?9=.
M'+'$, M'--!-7 A-'#()* (2 B'&/ P(!#!&". T$ R$4!$6 (2 B'&/ P(#!&'E&(-()*, V(. 8, N(. ;S))$+, 198<.
M'+#!-, M!&'$ T. '-% C($-, H(6'+%. L'#$ C'3!#'!") '-% R'&$ '-% N$(?C((-!'
%()!-'#!(-: D!"&(-#!-#!$" !- M'+@!"# T$(+*, P+$"$-&$ A2+!&'- +% Q'+#$+*,1, 198>.
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N/+)'!")?T$ I%$((7* (2 #$ A A2+!&'- P$(3$" R$4(#!(-'+* P'+#*. L$'2$#P!"$% * AARP, A#'-#', G$(+7!', 198>.
N(+# C'+(!-' S#'#$ A%4!"(+* C())!##$$ #( #$ U-!#$% S#'#$" C())!""!(- (- C!4!R!7#". T+($ !- G+$$-"(+(: A R$3(+# (2 '- O3$- M$$#!-7 C(-&$+-!-7 #$D!"#+'-&$" '# D%$* H!7 S&(( '-% N(+# C'+(!-' AT S#'#$ U-!4$+"!#*. NCCACUSCCR, M'+&, 198>.
T( O+ M()" '-% P(3", F+() #$ B'&/ R'%!&'". O3$- L$##$+ #( #$ B'&/C())-!#*, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', M'* , 19=9.
O4$+4!$6". U-3!"$% !-#$+-' $4''#!(- (2 #$ L$2# F'&#!(-, G+$$-"(+(, N(+#C'+(!-', 19.
P(!#!&' S#'#$)$-# 19: T$ B'&/ L!$+'#!(- M(4$)$-# '-% M'+@!")?L$-!-!").U-3!"$% %+'2#, N'"4!$, T$--$""$$, 19.
P(!#!&' S#'#$)$-# 1. U-3!"$% %!"&""!(- %+'2#, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-',
A7"#,19.P("!#!(- P'3$+. U-3!"$% +$3(+#, NAACP U+'- C+!"!" C())!##$$, G+$$-"(+(,
N(+# C'+(!-', O&#($+ 1, 198>.T$ P+$"$-# S#+!/$ S!#'#!(-. M$)(+'-%) 2+() AAA T$-'-#" U-!(-, G+$$-"(+(,
N(+# C'+(!-', M'+&, 19>.P+$"" S#'#$)$-#. BCCPB, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-' J'-'+* , 19.P+(3("' #( #$ F(+% F(-%'#!(-. F(-%'#!(- 2(+ C())-!#* D$4$(3)$-#, D+')
N(+# C'+(!-', F$+'+* 11, 19>.P+(3("' #( #$ F(-%'#!(- 2(+ C())-!#* D$4$(3)$-#. GAPP, S$3#$)$+ 1, 19=9,
G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-'.P+(3("' 2(+ I-#$+!) G+'-# 2(+ E&(-()!& D$4$(3)$-#. GAPP, F$+'+*, 191,
G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-'.P!& T+!' (- P(!&$ B+#'!#*. BCCPB, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', M'+&, 19.R$4(#!(-'+* W(+/$+" L$'7$ S#'#$)$-# (2 P+!-&!3$". AWL, G+$$-"(+(, N(+#
C'+(!-', F$+'+*, 19.R""$, M(++!". O3$- L$##$+ #( #$ B'&/ C())-!#*. G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-'
M'* 1, 19=9, UB.S#+'-7$, J(- H. C())-!#* A&#!(- !- N(+# C'+(!-': M'@!)) F$'"!$
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M!"-%$+"#'-%!-7 M!"#'/$ (+ M'7!& F(+)' U-3!"$% 3'3$+ 3+$3'+$%2(+ %$!4$+* '# #$ )$$#!-7 (2 #$ S(#$+- P(!#!&' S&!$-&$ A""(&!'#!(-, M!')!,F(+!%', N(4$)$+, 19=9.
S#+!-7 U3 #( M(4$ F(+6'+%. YOBU, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', 19 ;ALSC, 33.?<
T+($ !- G+$$-"(+(. N(+# C'+(!-' S#'#$ A%4!"(+* C())!##$$, U-!#$% S#'#$"C())!""!(- (- C!4! R!7#". G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', M'+& 19>.
T+($ !- G+$$-"(+( C(-#!-$%: P(!&$ B+#'!#*. BCCPB, G+$$-"(+(, N(+#C'+(!-', F$+'+*, 19.
U.S. D$3'+#)$-# (2 C())$+&$, B+$' (2 #$ C$-"". G$-$+' S(&!' '-% E&(-()!&C'+'&#$+!"#!&". N(+# C'+(!-', 19> C$-"" (2 P(3'#!(-, N(. PC;1<?C.
U.S. D$3'+#)$-# (2 C())$+&$ B+$' (2 #$ C$-"". T$ S(&!' '-% E&(-()!& S#'#"(2 #$ B'&/ P(3'#!(- !- #$ U-!#$% S#'#$": A- H!"#(+!&' V!$6 , 19>?198.C++$-# P(3'#!(- +$3(+#" S3$&!' S#%!$" S$+!$", N(.8 ; W'"!-7#(-, D.C.:G(4$+-)$-# P+!-#!-7 O22!&$, 199<.
W'# !" GAPP. B+(&+$ '-% F'&# S$$#, GAPP, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-'.W* B'&/ P$(3$ M"# S33(+# #$ L!$+'#!(- S#+77$ !- S(#$+- A2+!&'. L$'2$#,
GAPP, G+$$-"(+(, N(+# C'+(!-', A3+! , 19.W!!-7'), A$@. B'&/ P(!#!&' T(7# !- #$ U-!#$% S#'#$": A C'+'&#$+!0'#!(-
U-3!"$% P.D. D!""$+#'#!(-, U-!4$+"!#* (2 N(+# C'+(!-', 19.W!!-7'), A$@. T$ I)3'&# (2 A&#!4!") (- P(!#!&' T(7# !- B'&/ A)$+!&':
F(&" (- #$ S!@#!$". U-3!"$% 3'3$+ +$"$-#$% '# #$ "*)3("!) (- R'&$,P(!#!&" '-% C#+$, $% '# H(6'+% U-!4$+"!#*, W'"!-7#(-, D.C., O&#($+ ?8,19.
W!!-7'), A$@. P+%$-&$, E)3'#*, D$3$-%$-&* V(!#!(-: C'-7!-7 T$)$" !-A33+('&$" #( #$ "#%* (2 B'&/ P(!#!&' T(7#. U-3!"$% 3'3$+, A#'-#'U-!4$+"!#*, 198>.
N$6"3'3$+"
A2+!&'- W(+%
C'+(!-' P$'&$)'/$+
G+$$-"(+( D'!* N$6"
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APPENDI II
LIST OF PERSONS INTERIVEWED WITH
ORGANIATIONAL AFFILIATIONS
B( B'+-$"???AAA T$-'-#" A""(&!'#!(-
L$6!" B+'-%(-???FCP, GAPP, ALSC, RWL, NAACP
P'#+!&!' D--???AAA T$-'-#" A""(&!'#!(-
D(7 G! ;D'!! M'! G'''< ??? GAPP, MLU, ALSU, RWL
T!) H'++!"???SOBU, MLU
R("$' J'++$????C'#$#$++' W(+/$+" A""(&!'#!(-, GAPP
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N$"(- J(-"(-????YES, FCD, SOBU, GAPP, ALSC, RWL, CWP
J(*&$ J(-"(-???? SOBU, GAPP, ALSC, RWL, CWP
J(--* B. J(-$"????B!-% W(+/$+" A""(&!'#!(-
O6" S%'/'! ????N(+# C'+(!-' F-%, FCD, MLU, ALSC, RWL
K$* $'%$+"!3 '-% #$ N(+# C'+(!-' N'#!(-'!"#" ;NCN<
APPENDI III
BY?LAWS
2(+ #$
GREENSBORO ASSOCIATION OF POOR PEOPLE
ARTICLE I
N')$
T$ -')$ (2 #!" (+7'-!0'#!(- "' $ #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$.
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ARTICLE II
S$&#!(- I. T$ 3+3("$ '-% (5$&#!4$" (2 #!" (+7'-!0'#!(- "' $
A. T( '&# '" &'#'*"# !- (+7'-!0!-7 3((+ B'&/ 3$(3$ '+(-% #$!+ !))$%!'#$ '-%
(-7 +'-7$ 3+($)" !- "& ' 6'* '" #( &+$'#$ ' "$-"$ (2 3(6$+ '-%
%$#$+)!-'#!(- "22!&!$-# #( $22$&# &'-7$ (- #$ 3(!&* $4$.
B. T( 2(&" (- #$ 3(!#!&', $&(-()!&, "(&!', '-% $%&'#!(-' !-5"#!&$" $'3$%
3(- B'&/ 3$(3$ '-% #( 3+(4!%$ '#$+-'#!4$ "(#!(-" 6!& '+$ +$$4'-# !-
#$"$ '+$'" '-% '+$ &(-"!"#$-# 6!# #$ !%$'" (2 "$2?%$#$+)!-'#!(- '-%
!-%$3$-%$-&$ 2(+ B'&/ 3$(3$.
ARTICLE III
M$)$+"!3
S$&#!(- I. M$)$+"!3 "' $ !)!#$% #( !-%!4!%'" '-% )$)$+" (2 N$!7(+((%
C(-&! (+ (#$+ (+7'-!0'#!(- &()3("$% (2 +$"!%$-#" (2 #$ B'&/ &())-!#* !-
G+$$-"(+(.
S$&#!(- II. N$!7(+((% C(-&!" (+ (#$+ (+7'-!0'#!(-" )$$#!-7 #$ +$!+$)$-#" (2
A+#!&$ II, S$&#!(- I, 6( 6!" #( '22!!'#$ 6!# #!" (+7'-!0'#!(- )'* $&()$
(+7'-!0'#!(-' )$)$+" * +$$"#!-7 "& )$)$+"!3. A (+7'-!0'#!(-" (2 #!" -'#+$
)"# $ '33+(4$ * #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+".
S$&#!(- III. E'& )$)$+ "' $ $-#!#$% #( (-$ 4(#$ 2(+ "!-$"" #( $ #+'-"'&#$% * #$
)$)$+"!3.
ARTICLE IV
O22!&$+"
S$&#!(- I. T$ (22!&$+" (2 #!" (+7'-!0'#!(- "' $: C'!+)'-, V!&$?C'!+)'-, S$&+$#'+*
'-% T+$'"+$+.
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S$&#!(- II. O22!&$+" "' $ $$&#$% (- #$ "$&(-% S-%'* !- D$&$)$+ (2 $'& *$'+ '-%
"' (% (22!&$ 2(+ (-$ *$'+ (2 -#! "&&$""(+" '+$ $$&#$%.
S$&#!(- III. C'-%!%'#$" 2(+ (22!&$ "' $ "$$&#$% * -()!-'#!(-" 2+() #$ 2((+.
E$&#!(-" "' $ * ' "(6 (2 '-%".
ARTICLE V
M$$#!-7"
S$&#!(- I.
A. R$7'+ )$$#!-7 (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" "' $ $% (- #$ "$&(-% '-%
2(+# S-%'*" (2 $'& )(-#.
B. S3$&!' )$$#!-7 " (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" )'* $ &'$% * #$ &'!+)'- (2
3(- #$ +$$"# (2 (-$ 2(+# ;1< (2 #$ )$)$+" 6( '+$ !- 7((% "#'-%!-7.
C. A )$)$+" (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" )"# $ -(#!2!$% 3+!(+ #( ' "3$&!'
)$$#!-7. M$)$+" )'* $ &(-#'&#$% * #$ )'!, 3(-$, (+ 3$+"(-' 4!"!#.
N(#!2!&'#!(- )"# $ ' )!-!)) (2 (+".
D. A (+) (2 #$ ('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" "' &(-"!"# (2 (+ -( $"" #'- 2!4$ ;<
(2 #$ B('+% M$)$+".
E. A-* )$)$+ (2 #$ E@$&#!4$ B('+% 6( )!""$% #+$$ ;< )$$#!-7" 6!#(# '
$7!#!)'#$ $@&"$ "' $ '"/$% #( "#$3 %(6- '" ' )$)$+ (2 #$ B('+% (2
D!+$&#(+". I2 $ !" ' +$3+$"$-#'#!4$" (2 ' &(-"#!#$-# (+7'-!0'#!(-, #$- !# !" #'#
(+7'-!0'#!(-" +$"3(-"!!!#* #( +$3'&$ #$ 3$+"(- !))$%!'#$*. I2 #$ 3$+"(- !"
'- '# '+7$ M$)$+ (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+", #$- !" "$'# )"# 4'&'-# -#!
"& #!)$ #'# #$ )$)$+"!3 "' $$&# '-(#$+ +$3+$"$-#'#!4$.
F. T$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" S' %$#$+)!-$ 6'# !" ' $7!#!)'#$ $@&"$.
S$&#!(- II. M$$#!-7 (2 M$)$+"!3
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A. M$$#!-7" (2 #$ #(#' )$)$+"!3 "' $ $% '# $'"# (-&$ ' *$'+ (- #$
"$&(-% S-%'* !- J*.
B. A (+) (2 #$ )$)$+"!3 "' &(-"!"# (2 '# $'"# (2 #$ )$)$+" !-
7((% "#'-%!-7. N( "!-$"" &'- $ #+'-"'&#$% 6!#(# #!" (+) '# #$
'--' )$$#!-7.
C. T$ "!#$ (2 #$ '--' )$$#!-7 !" #( %$#$+)!-$% * #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+".
ARTICLE VI
B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+"
S$&#!(- I. T$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" (2 #!" (+7'-!0'#!(- "' $ &()3("$% (2 (22!&$+" (2 #$
(+7'-!0'#!(- '" "#'#$% !- A+#!&$ IV '-% S$&#!(- I, '# $'"# (-$ '-% ' )'@!)) (2 #+$$
+$3+$"$-#'#!4$" 2+() $'& (+7'-!0'#!(- !-&%$% !- )$)$+"!3, '-% #+$$ ;< '# L'+7$
P("#", #( $ $$&#$% 2+() #$ )$)$+"!3.
S$&#!(- II. E'& (+7'-!0'#!(-' )$)$+ )'* %$"!7-'#$ '# $'"# (-$, -( )(+$ #'- #+$$
;< 6!# #$ '33+(4' (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+", +$3+$"$-#'#!4$" 6( "' $ &(-"!%$+$%
)$)$+" (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+". T$ &(-"#!#$-# )$)$+"!3 (+7'-!0'#!(- "' "$
'-* )$'-" !# %$"!+$" #( $$&# "'!% +$3+$"$-#'#!4$".
S$&#!(- IV. M$)$+" (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+" "' &(-%&# #$)"$4$" !- '&&(+%'-&$
6!# #$ 7('" '-% (5$&#!4$" (2 #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$.
S$&#!(- V. T$ &(+3(+'#$ 3(6$+", 3+(3$+#*, '-% '22'!+" (2 #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(-
P((+ P$(3$ , $@&$3# '" (#$+6!"$ 3+(4!%$ * '6, #$ '+#!&$ (2 &(+3(+'#!(- (+ #$ BY?
L'6" "' $ 4$"#$% !- $@$+&!"$, &(-%&#$%, &(-#+($%, '-% )'-'7$% * #$ B('+% (2
D!+$&#(+".
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ARTICLE VII
D#!$" (2 S#'-%!-7 C())!##$$"
S$&#!(- I. F!-'-&!' &())!##$$" '4$ #$ +$"3(-"!!!#* (2 )(-!#(+!-7 !-&()!-7 (+ (#?
7(!-7 2-%" 6!& &()$ #( #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$ ;%!+$&#* (+
!-%!+$&#*< #+(7 3+(5$&#" 6!& GAPP )'* $ !-4(4$% !-.
S$&#!(- II. T$ P+(7+') C())!##$$ "' 6(+/ 6!# #$ "#'22 !- %$4$(3!-7 ' 7(' '-%
(5$&#!4$ ;&(-&$+-!-7 ' 3+(7+')< 2(+ ' 7!4$- *$'+.
S$&#!(- III. T$ O3$+'#!(-" C())!##$$ 6! &(-#!-("* $4''#$ #$ 3+(7+') '-% "#'22 ,
'" 6$ '" #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-" ;GAPP< '!!#* #( &'++* (# #$ "#'#$% 7('" (2 '-%
(5$&#!4$". I# 6! '"( '""!"# #$ "#'22 !- '-'*0!-7 3+($)" '-% %$4$(3!-7 '#$+-'#!4$
"#+'#$7!$".
S$&#!(- IV. T$ E@$&#!4$ C())!##$$ "' +!-7 #(7$#$+ #$ !%$'" (2 #$ "#'-%!-7
&())!##$$ '-% "3$&!' &())!##$$" ' " %$"!7-'#$% * #$ C'!+)'- (2 #$ B('+%, !- '-
'##$)3# #( "$# #$ 3(!&* 2(+ #$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$. T!" &())!##$$
6! '"( '&# !- $)$+7$-&* "!#'#!(-" !- #$ $4$-# #'# ' (+) (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+"
&'--(# $ (#'!-$%.
ARTICLE I
A)$-%)$-#" '-% P'+!')$-#'+* A#(+!#*
S$&#!(- I. T$"$ B*?L'6" )'* $ ')$-%$% * #6(?#!+%" ;< (2 #$ )$)$+" !- 7((%
"#'-%!-7 '# #$ '--' )$$#!-7, !2 #!+#* ;< %'*" 6+!##$- -(#!&$ !" 7!4$- #( #$ B('+% (2
D!+$&#(+".
S$&#!(- II. R($+#" R$" (2 O+%$+ "' 7(4$+- ' 3+(&$$%!-7".
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ARTICLE
D#!$" (2 O22!&$+"
S$&#!(- I. C'!+)'-3+$"!%$" '# ' )$$#!-7" 3+$"$+4$" (+%$+ )'/$" P'+!')$-#'+*
%$&!"!(-" '-% +!-7.
S$&#!(- II. V!&$?C'!+)'-P$+2(+)" ' %#!$" (2 #$ C'!+)'- !- !" '"$-&$ (+ !-'!!#*
#( "$+4$.
S$&#!(- III. S$&+$#'+*"$-%" -(#!&$" (2 ' )$$#!-7" #( )$)$+" (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-,
/$$3" ' +$&(+% (2 '##$-%'-&$, +$&(+%" #$ "!-$"" (2 ' )$$#!-7" (2 #$ B('+% (2
D!+$&#(+" '-% (2 #$ '--' M$$#!-7, /$$3" "& )!-#$" '-% 3+$3'+$" '-% '""!"#" #$
&'!+)'- !- 3+$3'+!-7 '- '7$-%' 2(+ #$ )$$#!-7.
S$&#!(- IV. T+$'"+$+!" &"#(%!'- (2, '-% +$"3(-"!$ 2(+ ' 2-%" (2 #$ (+7'-!0'#!(-,
+$&$!4$" '-% %!"+"$" 2-%" (- "!7-$% (+%$+" #( 3'* 6!& 6! '#(+!0$% * #$ ('+%
(2 D!+$&#(+".
ARTICLE I
S#'22 A""!"#'-&$
S$&#!(- I. T!" (+7'-!0'#!(- 6! "$-% (# 3$(3$ 6!# #+'!-!-7 '-% $@3$+!$-&$ #( '""!"# #$
(+7'-!0'#!(- !- &'++*!-7 (# !#" 7('" '-% (5$&#!4$".
S$&#!(- II. T$ "#'22 "' &(-"!"# (2 ' %!+$&#(+, -$!7(+((% 6(+/$+" '-% *(#
&((+%!-'#(+", "$&+$#'+*, '-% ((//$$3$+.
S$&#!(- III. T$ D!+$&#(+ "' '4$ #$ '#(+!#* #( !+$ '-% 2!+$ "#'22.
ARTICLE II
D#!$" (2 S#'22
S$&#!(- I. D!+$&#(+#( &'++* (# #$ 7('" '-% (5$&#!4$" (2 #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+$" (2
#$ G+$$-"(+( A""(&!'#!(- (2 P((+ P$(3$ '"$% (- #$ %!+$&#!4$" 2+() #$ B('+% (2
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D!+$&#(+" '-% 3+(7+')" !-!#!'#$% * #$ B('+% '-% !#" )$)$+"!3. T( )'/$ '""!7-)$-#"
#( (#$+ "#'22 )$)$+" '-% #( "3$+4!"$ '-% "33(+# #$) 6$- -$&$""'+*. T$ D!+$&#(+
"' 6(+/ 6!# $@!"#!-7 (+7'-!0'#!(-" !- #$ B'&/ &())-!#*, '-% !-%!4!%'", '-% "'
(+7'-!0$ -$6 7+(3" '+(-% #$!+ 3+($)" '-% !""$". C())-!#* 6(+/$+" 6! $
+$"3(-"!$ #( #$ D!+$&#(+ '-% #!)'#$* #( #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+".
S$&#!(- III. Y(# C((+%!-'#(+" "' $"#'!" ' &!#*?6!%$ Y(# G+(3 2(+) #$ B'&/
&())-!#* '-% 6(+/ 6!# $@!"#!-7 *(# 7+(3" . T$ Y(# C((+%!-'#(+ "' $
+$"3(-"!$ #( #$ D!+$&#(+ '- #!)'#$* #( #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+".
S$&#!(- IV. S$&+$#'+*?B((//$$3$+ "' $ +$"3(-"!$ 2(+ #*3!-7, ((//$$3!-7, '-%
7$-$+' (22!&$ (3$+'#!(-". T$ "$&+$#'+*?((//$$3$+ !" +$"3(-"!$ #( #$ D!+$&#(+ '-%
#!)'#$* +$"3(-"!$ #( #$ B('+% (2 D!+$&#(+".