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Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective
by Ina Drejer
review by Adina Krampe and Michele D’Aliessi
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Agenda
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
‣ Article’s background
‣ Abstract
‣ Introduction
‣ Main concepts‣ Different approaches to service innovation analysis‣ Schumpeter’s perspective on innovation‣ Four new service innovation concepts
‣ Keypoints
‣ Conclusions
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‣ Associate professor at Aalborg University (1st in DK)‣ Currently Chief Consultant at Central Denmark Region
Article's background
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
Ina Drejer
‣ In 2008, the journal ranked 11th among the world's top journals in "Management" and 1st in the "Planning & Development"
Research Policy
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Studies in manufactoring innovation are still dominant
Abstract
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
But many approaches rises in service innovation
New concepts linked with Schumpeterian perspective
Which is the best model to analyze service innovation?
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Former innovation studies
‣ “servicification” since 1950s
‣ Studies increased‣ Topics: service economy and producer services,
consumers or employee knowledge‣ services is important in economic activities
‣ but no focus on innovation!
‣ What’s new?‣ Empirical studies of service development
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
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Different approaches to service innovation analysis
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
Assimilation approach
Demarcation approach
Synthesis approach
Services similar to
manufactoring
Subordinate surveys
The two innovations are different
Autonomous surveys
Integrative approach
encompasses both
Not so many surveys
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1. Assimilation approach
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
Focus on technological innovations
Considering many types of
innovation
technical focus on innovation is too narrow
e.g. Organizational innovation(also important for manufactoring)e.g. New package solutions
Conclusion
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2. Demarcation approach
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
Specialised studies of innovation in services
Studying of characteristic features (clients and interactive models, appropriability conditions)
Peculiarities of service innovation also applicable on manufacturing (organisational innovation)
Opens the way to develop the synthesis approach?
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Schumpeter’s theory of economic dev.
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
“[...] economic development is driven by the discontinuous emergence of new combinations (innovations) that are
economically more viable than the old way of doing things” (Schumpeter, 1934)
Time
GDP
Trend
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Schumpeter’s theory covers 5 areas
1. Product innovation: introduction of a new good or a new quality of a good
2. Process innovation: introduction of a new method of production
3. Market innovation: opening of a new market
4. Input innovation: conquest of a new source of supply of raw material or intermediate input
5. Organizational innovation: the carrying out of a new organisation of industry
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
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Four new service innovation concepts
How innovation is carried out in services?
How it takes many other forms than just product and process innovation?
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
1 2
43
Ad hocinnovation
External relationship
innovation
Expertise-fieldinnovation
Formalizationinnovation
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1. Ad hoc innovation
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
“interactive (social) construction to a particular problem posed by a given client”
this new knowledge is economically irrelevant if the invention is not carried into practice
helps to produce new knowledge and competences
challenges the possibilities of diffusion of an ‘innovation’, as it consists of a specific,
non-reproducible solution to a specific problem
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2. External relationship innovation
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
“establishment by a firm of particular relationshipswith partners”
is highly firm specific, which makes it difficult to sum up to an aggregate level
lack of tools for measuring organizational innovation
It is a particular type of organisational innovation.There has in the past been a lack of survey tools for identifying and measuring organisational innovation, but there are recent successful
examples of surveys of this type of innovation
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3. Formalization innovation
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
“putting the service characteristics ‘into order’, specifying them, making them less hazy, making
them concrete, giving them shape”
it is knowledge creation that fuels innovation, not knowledge per se
i.e. McDonald’s organization of work
Formalization is an important step towards innovation, but it is rarely an innovation in itself, unless it can be directly relatedto new marketable products or new ways of organising production or
carrying out processes.
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4. Expertise-field innovation
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
“detecting new needs and responding to them through a procedure of accumulating knowledge and expertise
within services”
results in opening of new markets, diversificationor renewal of product ranges, and creation of a competitive advantage in terms of knowledge
and expertise
described as potential, actual innovation only materialise in an interaction with a client
is clearly an innovation, also viewed from a Schumpeterian perspective, as it consists of detecting new needs,
responding to them and thereby possibly opening up new markets
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Key points
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
is too narrow to cover the specificities of service innovation
provides a framework for studying manufacturing
and services on the same terms
if more strictly applied in services could lead the way for a
synthesis approach
Schumpeterian perspective on
innovation
rich enough to encompass innovations
in services
but
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Conclusions
‣Many peculiarities of service innovation do also apply to manufactoring
‣So-called autonomous service innovation studies have the possibility of leading the way towards such a synthesis approach to innovation
‣There is a need for a conceptual strengthening of service-specific innovation studies that could be partially satisfied by creating a bridge between assimilation and synthesis approaches
Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective, by Ina Drejer
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Thank youquestions?