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Workshop Philosophy & Engineering 2010, Golden, Colorado
Identification and Bridging of Semantic Gaps: The Case of Multi-
Domain Engineering
Andreas M. HeinInstitute of Astronautics,
Technical University of Munich
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Content
1. Context: Frequent problems in Multi-Domain Engineering2. Introduction to the Semantic Gap (SG)3. Semantic Gaps in Multi-Domain Engineering4. Limits to inter-domain understanding5. Conclusion
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1. Context: Frequent problems in Multi-Domain Engineering
• What is an engineering domain?
- Mainly dependent on engineering curriculum (already interdisciplinary)- Constantly shifting and fuzzy borders (mechatronics, bionics)
• Frequent problems in Multi-Domain Engineering:
- Engineer does not understand customer needs- Design engineer and production engineer miss opportunities- Engineers from different domains have difficulties to understand each
other
What is common to these problems? (commonly refered to „communication“ problem)
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2. Introduction to the Semantic Gap
“A “semantic gap” is the difference in meaning between constructs formed within different representation systems.”
Example:
[1]
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Hum
an
understanding
Machine
understanding
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2. Introduction to the Semantic Gap
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How to close the gap?
Goal: Increase the synonymy of the constructs!
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3. Semantic Gaps in Multi-Domain Engineering
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Between stakeholder and engineer
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Close the gap between stakeholder and engineer
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What is SysML ?
[3]
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1 Structure
2 Behaviour
3 Requirements
4 Parameter
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Within an engineering domain
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Close the gap within an domain
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Feature Based CAD/CAM
• feature = geometry + semantics [2]
• Example: blind borehole
• Geometric form: Cylinder with cone at the end (diameter, length, angle)
• Semantics: hole that is made of a drill, does not go entirely through the
material
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Between Engineering Domains
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Bridging of the Inter-Domain Gap
• What does usually happen?
- Searching for analogies (similar structures) in natural language- Display ideas in drawings, using common objects (boxes, relations)- Increase the synonymy of each others mental representations(„cognitive synchronization“)- Domain specific documentation
New development: Integrated documentation in SysML framework
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Close the gaps between engineering domains
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Example using SysML
[4]
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Example using SysML
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5. Limits to inter-domain understanding
• Expert – Novice difference:Is this diagram gramatically correct? (SysML knowledge required)Is the (propositional) content making sense? (domain-knowledge
required)
• EconomyHow much effort does it take to convey the knowledge?How important is the knowledge?Are people willing to learn new „vocabulary“?
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6. Conclusion
• Many problems in engineering can be associated with the notion „Semantic Gap “
• Three characteristic Semantic Gaps in Multi-Domain Engineering • How to bridge these gaps• How the understanding between domains works and can be
improved• The limits of inter-domain understanding
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Thank you for your attention!
Andreas Hein Institute of Astronautics
Technical University of Munich [email protected]
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References
[1] Spinczyk, O. (2008) Betriebssysteme, Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme 1
(BSRvS1) Zusammenfassung und Ausblick. Retrieved January 15, 2010, from http://ess.cs.uni-dortmund.de/Teaching/SS2008/BSRvS1/Downloads/14-Zusammenfassung-Ausblick-1x2.pdf
[2] Shah, J.J., Mäntylä, M. (1995). Parametric and Feature Based CAD/CAM.New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[3] Object Management Group, Systems Modeling Language Specification v.1.1,
http://www.omgsysml.org
[4] All SysML diagrams are drawn with the MagicDraw SysML plugin software