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IDEALISM (Throw Away Living, Life Magazine, 1955)
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REALITY
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WESTERN NPG EXPEDITION 2012 – Majuro Atoll to Tokyo, Japan
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC
SOUTH PACIFIC SOUTH ATLANTIC
NORTH ATLANTIC
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IN 20 hrs of timed observations we saw 151 pieces
Courtesy of Hank Carson, UH Hilo, Hawaii
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DISTRIBUTION OF DEBRIS BY CATEGORY
Courtesy of Hank Carson, UH Hilo, Hawaii
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GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF
PLASTIC POLLUTION
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Plastic Pollution Accumulation Zones (Lebreton et al., Mar. Pol. Bul., 2012)
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC
SOUTH PACIFIC SOUTH ATLANTIC
NORTH ATLANTIC
North Pacific Gyre N. Atlantic Gyre Indian Ocean Gyre South Pacific Gyre S. Atlantic Gyre
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North Atlantic Gyre
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North Atlantic Gyre
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North Atlantic Gyre - Mats of sargassum trap plastic
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North Atlantic Gyre
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North Pacific Gyre – 2008
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North Pacific Gyre
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North Pacific Gyre
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Indian Ocean Gyre
14,817,185km2
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Indian Ocean Gyre
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South Atlantic Gyre
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South Atlantic Gyre
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South Pacific Gyre
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South Pacific Gyre
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SOUTH PACIFIC GARBAGE PATCH
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GARBAGE PATCHES AND HOTSPOTS
INDIAN OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC
SOUTH PACIFIC SOUTH ATLANTIC
NORTH ATLANTIC
HOTSPOT HOTSPOT HOTSPOT
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FATE OF PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
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SOUTH PACIFIC GARBAGE PATCH
1-2.79 mm particles greater than all smaller sizes?
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LIMITATIONS OF METHODS & VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTIC
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UV DEGRADATION & EMBRITTLEMENT
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www.sea.edu
6000 surface tows in the North Atlantic spanning 22 years
Courtesy of SEA Education Association – Woods Hole, MA
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1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
x 104
Aver
age
plas
tic c
once
ntra
tion
(pie
ces
km -2
)
Year
Trend: 117 ± 196 pieces km-2 year-1
r2 = 0.016, P > 0.1
www.sea.edu
No significant increase in 22 years
Courtesy of SEA Education Association – Woods Hole, MA
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WASHED ASHORE - Azores, North Atlantic
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WASHED ASHORE - Easter Island, South Pacific
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DOES INGESTION, ENTANGLEMENT, BIOMASS = NEGATIVE BUOYANCY
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MICOBIAL DECOMPOSITION AT SEA
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SUMMARY OF THE PROBLEM OF
PLASTIC POLLUTION
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GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION, INGESTION, VECTOR FOR POPs
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LITTER AND DESIGN PROBLEM
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WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM
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YAMUNA RIVER – New Delhi, India
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But unlike most oil spills, Plastic Pollution is: Non-biodegradable
Occurs in international waters No corporate responsibility
Plastic Pollution is a Petroleum Spill
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FOCUS ON SOLUTIONS TO
PLASTIC POLLUTION
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THE HONEST BROKER
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School recycling
Bring Your Own
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Pyrolosis
Biopolymers
Biopolymers
Voluntary EPR
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Bad design obsolete
Structural Controls
Plasma Gasification
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MAY 24, 2012 LOS ANGELES
BANS PLASTIC BAGS
Thanks to: Clean Seas Coalition
Heal the Bay Environment California
….and many others.
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LOW TECH, LOW COST, LOW TEMP, SAFE, ECONOMIC INCENTIVE
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NEXT STEPS FOR
5 GYRES
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TSUNAMI DEBRIS FIELD EXPEDITION
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• Type and abundance of debris • Rafting communities of marine organisms • Population density of Halobates • POPs in ambient seawater/plastic • DNA of microbes on plastic/seawater
RESEARCH GOALS OF TSUNAMI DEBRIS FIELD EXPEDITION
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GREAT LAKES EXPEDITION, Summer 2012
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BAY OF BENGAL HOT SPOT, 2013
Bay of Bengal
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INSPIRE AMBASSADORS FOR OCEAN CONSERVATION
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CITIZEN SCIENTIST – TRAVEL TRAWL LOAN PROGRAM
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TRAVELING EXHIBIT 2013
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Learn More
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