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ICSO 2010 1
High Accuracy Laser Telemetry for Kilometric Distance Measurement in Space
C.COURDE, H. PHUNG Duy, M. LINTZ, A. BRILLET
ARTEMIS, Observatoire de la Côte d'AzurCNRS et Univ. Nice-Sophia Antipolis
06300 NICE
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ICSO 2010 22
Objectives
Absolute long distance measurement (~km) in vacuum with high accuracy
For :– Formation Flying telescope
(Darwin (30µm of accuracy))– Alignement and monitoring of
large structure (particle colliders or radio telescope)
DARWIN
Our goal
Range : ~ 1km
Accuracy : < 1µm
Resolution: ~nm
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ICSO 2010 3
Outline
I. T2M telemeter• Principle• Results
II. Iliade telemeter• Principle• Results
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ICSO 2010 44
I. T2M Principle
)(.)(.)(tF
cKtKtL 1
1 ..F
cKKL
22 ).1().1(
F
cKKL 12
1
FF
FK
t
Δref/meslocked at 0
mes
ref
Λ
Calibration with K integer and c the speed of light
Amplitude Modulated beam
Λ=c/F
Synthetic wavelength
Reference path
Measurement path
Δref/mes
Adjustable frequency F
Accuracy limited by phase drifts and cyclic errors
Robust and simple system
Corner cube
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ICSO 2010 55
I. T2M PrincipleElimination of systematic errors
Amplitude modulated beam
Λ=c/F
Synthetic wavelength
Reference path
Measurement path
Δ
Adjustable frequency F
PHD1 PHD2
Crosstalk
Cyclic errors are suppressed with the optical switching
system
Unbiased zero of phase difference
Exchange of the beams between the two photodiodes
Corner cube
Optical switching system
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ICSO 2010 66
Frequency-meter
VCO13GHz
PHD
ASE SOURCE1.55 µm
Fibered PBS
2 kHzswitch
LI-A Telemetric lock
Optical isolator
Polarization controller 2
PBS cube
Corner cubes
Mixer HF
phase-meter
Δφ
refmeasure
Telemetric signal
I. T2M Principle
Lock-in Amplifier
Polarization controller 1
Amplitude modulator
DISTANCE
Optical switching
system
HF
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ICSO 2010 7
I. T2M resultsAllan deviation of the Telemetric signal
in open loop with a broadband source (ASE)
Allan deviation < 20 nm for 5s < times < 2000s
Probably limited At short measurement times by intensity noise of the source
At long measurement times by systematic error
To identify parasitic interferences :
Broadband source+modulator is replaced by the beat note of two single mode lasers shifted by 13 GHz
10 nm
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ICSO 2010 88
I. T2M characterizationSearching for optical interferences
Systematic errors !!!
4GHz
5µm
Manual master laser wavelength scan
2 different cavity effects
FSR 4GHz thickness 37mm
(vacuum) or 25mm (n=1.5)
FSR 270MHz thickness 56cm
(vacuum) or 37cm (n=1.5)
2µm2µm
Slow length scan
Telemetric signal
PBS cube
SOLUTION
Freq markers
- PBS cube changed for a thick polarization beam splitter at 45°
Manual master laser wavelength scan
Telemetric signal
Systematic errors lower than 1 µm
4GHz
Freq markers
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ICSO 2010 9
II. Iliade principleCombining 3 levels of increasing sensitivity:
Time of flight measurement of optical pulses
=> Absolute distance measurement0.1 mm
15 mm 0.1 µm
Phase measurement of synthetic wavelength
=> relative distance measurement
1.55 µm0.1 nm
Phase measurement of optical wavelength
=> relative distance measurement
In PhD1
Synthetic angular frequency
Optical angular frequency
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ICSO 2010 10
II. Iliade preliminary results
Simulation
Varying L, All parameters fixed
Experiment
« segment » for different positions with 0.5mm increments at a 1.5m Distance
Use of the interference figure :
Varying allows to cover the « segment » /2 c
Deviations of 3.10-3 peak-peak
Non-linearity in commercial oscilloscope used for data acquisition
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ICSO 2010 11
Conclusion
– T2M• Simple system with accuracy fixed by the frequency
measurement• No optical stabilization• Systematic errors lower than 1 µm, to be confirmed• Stability below 20 nm for measurement times [5s,2000s]
– Iliade• Principle of the measurement is confirmed• Limitations in phase measurements and in amplitude
measurements caused by non linearity in the data acquisition system
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ICSO 2010 12
Thanks toCNESANR
Thales Alenia Spacerégion PACA
and thank for your attention